Bellringer What happens to the oldest islands in a volcanic island chain created by a mantle hot...
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BellringerWhat happens to the oldest islands in a volcanic
island chain created by a mantle hot spot?
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Properties of Magma
Notes
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Physical and Chemical Properties•Like other substances, magma is made up of
elements and compounds, and has a certain set of properties, or traits. Properties can be physical or chemical.
•An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances. Carbon, Oxygen, Argon, Gold, Tin, Lead, etc.
•A compound is a substance made of two or more elements that have been chemically combined. Water, Carbon Dioxide, Table Salt, Sulfuric Acid, etc.
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Elements Compounds
C
O
H
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Physical and Chemical Properties•Physical properties are traits that
can be observed without changing what a substance is made of. Examples of physical properties are hardness, color, density, melting point, boiling point, and magnetism.
•Water, under normal pressure, will always have a melting point of 0°C and a boiling point of 100°C.
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Physical and Chemical Properties• Chemical properties are traits that can be
observed only by changing what a substance is made of. Examples of chemical properties is a substances ability to burn and its ability to combine, or react, to another substance.
• You can often tell if a substance has reacted to another substance if it changes color, produces a gas, or forms a new, solid substance (precipitate).
• Iron’s reaction with oxygen to produce rust is an example of a chemical property.
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What is Viscosity?
•Viscosity is a physical property of liquids. How well a liquid flows depends on its viscosity.
•A liquid with a high viscosity is thick. It flows very slowly. Honey and syrup have high viscosities.
•A liquid with low viscosity is thin. It flows very quickly. Water and Kool-Aid® have low viscosities.
•The greater the friction between the fluid’s particles, the higher the viscosity.
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Video - Three different viscosities
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Viscosity.gif
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Viscosity of Magma
•Silica is a common substance in Earth’s crust. Magma contains silica. Magma that contains more silica has higher viscosity.
•High-silica magma produces high-viscosity lava. This lava flows slowly.
•High-silica magma cools to form light-colored, felsic igneous rocks such as granite, pegmatite, and rhyolite.
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Rhyolite Granite
Pegmatite
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Viscosity of Magma
•Low-silica magma produces low-viscosity lava. This lava flows quickly.
•Low-silica magma cools to form dark-colored, mafic igneous rocks such as basalt and gabbro.
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Basalt Gabbro
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Viscosity of Magma•Hotter magma has lower viscosity than
cooler magma.
•Very hot magma produces lava called Pāhoehoe. Pāhoehoe has low viscosity. It flows quickly. It hardens into a rippled surface.
•Cooler magma produces lava called ʻaʻā. ʻAʻā has high viscosity. It flows slowly. It hardens into rough chunks.
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Pāhoehoe ʻAʻā
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Lava Type
Temperature ViscositySilica
ContentColor
RockExamples
Pāhoehoe HIGH LOW LOW DARKBasaltGabbro
ʻAʻā LOW HIGH HIGH LIGHTGraniteRhyolite
Pegmatite