Bellringer: Feb. 6 and 9 • Write this bellringer in your notes.

• View the video –

• Which rhetorical device?

• Decide which rhetorical device the person is attempting to use. Why do you think it is this rhetorical device? (These are also known as the appeals)

• View the second video –

• Daily Show “Even Stephen” - Islam vs. Christianity Debate (from 2003)

• What rhetorical devices do the debaters attempt to use? How effective were they in making their points?

Ethos

• Sometimes internal:• Happens inside of the reader when understanding who is speaking

• Sometimes external:• Happens in a piece when an author mentions her qualifications

• Belongs a bit more with persuasion• However, in both argumentation and persuasion, the validity and

relevance of evidence depends on the reputation of the source• Remember – to have ethos, you have to just have the best interests

of your audience at heart with nothing to gain from it yourself.

Pathos

• Manipulating emotions• Very effective for large/wide audiences• Particularly effective in speeches. Get fired up y’all!• Should be eliminated in argumentation

Logos

• Sheldon video• Proper logic is always a requirement

• Think of it like the meat of a sandwich• Argumentation only has space for logic!

• Spare your word choice! Stay neutral!• Persuasion still needs it, but you can throw in a healthy dose of the Pathos if

needed depending on who your audience is.• Too much logic? What would it be like to have a dinner party with Sheldon?• Fallacies: sometimes things that sound logical, aren’t in reality. Common

errors in logic are called fallacies.• Most emotional appeals are actually fallacies.• Logical Fallacy site• Purdue University’s Logical Fallacies Site• The most comprehensive list I’ve seen.

Organization

• We are going to be analyzing the organization of both pieces.• There are two sections of text that we will be adding in.

• Concession: basically when you grant something as a right, accept something as true, or acknowledge defeat

• Rebuttal or counterargument: bringing up an opposing appeal or claim for the purpose of invalidating it.

The Speaker-Orval Faubus

• Orval Eugene Faubus (January 7, 1910 – December 14, 1994) was the 36th Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967.

• When the United States entered World War II, Faubus joined the United States Army and served as an intelligence officer with the Third Army of General George Patton. • He rose to the rank of major and was in combat several times.

• He was elected governor as a liberal Democrat. Initially considered a 'moderate' on racial issues.

• He adopted racial policies that were palatable to influential white voters in the Delta region as part of a strategy to affect key social reforms and economic growth in Arkansas.

• Tried to forcibly keep African-American students out of the schools.

The Situation-Integration of public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas

• The school district of Little Rock was ordered by the Supreme Court to enact their integration plan.

• Watch this.

The speech-Television Address September 2nd, 1957

• Faubus tries to convince the public that the state would not support the “forcible integration” of Little Rock Schools.

• Audience: Essentially the entire nation, but mainly the people of Arkansas• Is it really the entire state?

Ticket out

• What is the main idea of the sections you read today (of Faubus’s speech)?

Instructions

• Read the speech with your partner using PALS.

• Identify the organization of the speech using the graphic organizer• Identify the rhetorical devices for each section of the text

• Look for logos• Look for logical fallacies

• Look for pathos• Word choice• Specific examples chosen

• Answer LEQ using graphic organizer:• How does Faubus employ ethos, logos, and pathos to build an

argument?