Bell Ringer – Bell Ringer – 12/2/0812/2/08

1.1. Explain what happened during Explain what happened during the Montgomery Bus boycott.the Montgomery Bus boycott.

2.2. How did the Montgomery How did the Montgomery Improvement Assoc. (NAACP Improvement Assoc. (NAACP branch) hurt the bus company?branch) hurt the bus company?

3.3. What did the Voting Rights Act What did the Voting Rights Act do?do?

What started the Civil Rights What started the Civil Rights movement?movement?

After WWIIAfter WWII, African-Americans had , African-Americans had better access to jobs and began better access to jobs and began taking a stand, organizing protests, taking a stand, organizing protests, and reaching mediaand reaching media

The The Montgomery Bus BoycottMontgomery Bus Boycott was was the first organized movement to fight the first organized movement to fight segregationsegregation

SNCC (pronounced SNCC (pronounced “snick”)“snick”) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Student Nonviolent Coordinating

Committee: consisted of college Committee: consisted of college students of all races.students of all races.

Most known for lunch counter “sit-ins”, Most known for lunch counter “sit-ins”, also for freedom rides and March on also for freedom rides and March on Washington.Washington.

Freedom Freedom SummerSummer

In 1964, In 1964, thousands of thousands of white college white college students helped students helped register African-register African-Americans to vote Americans to vote in Mississippiin Mississippi

3 civil rights 3 civil rights workers were workers were killed by killed by Klansman (KKK)Klansman (KKK)

Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action

Programs that make special efforts Programs that make special efforts to hire or enroll groups that have to hire or enroll groups that have suffered discriminationsuffered discrimination

Many colleges and government Many colleges and government businesses adopted businesses adopted affirmative affirmative actionaction

It has been challenged in recent It has been challenged in recent years (reverse discrimination)years (reverse discrimination)

Malcolm XMalcolm X Black Muslim ministerBlack Muslim minister Preached a militant Preached a militant

approach to civil approach to civil rights & black powerrights & black power

The “X” symbolized a The “X” symbolized a rejection of “slave rejection of “slave names”names”

Shot in 1965 by Shot in 1965 by members of the members of the Nation of IslamNation of Islam

Black Panther PartyBlack Panther Party 1960’s and 1970’s – “The Black 1960’s and 1970’s – “The Black

Panthers” were an African-American Panthers” were an African-American group founded on group founded on civil rightscivil rights and and self-self-defensedefense

Oakland, California: born upon a Oakland, California: born upon a desire to spread the words of Malcolm desire to spread the words of Malcolm XX

Black power, black nationalism, Black power, black nationalism, community development community development (improvement)(improvement)

HomeworkHomework

Read Ch 21, Sn 1Read Ch 21, Sn 1Answer questions 1, Answer questions 1, 3, & 5 on page 7073, & 5 on page 707