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Slide 2 Slide 3 Being on shore one day in Lisbon, Portugal, I was [seized] by a gang and brought on board the [British ship] Conqueror where I am still confined. Never have I been allowed to put my foot on shore since I was brought on board, which is now three years. ~ James Brown Slide 4 Neutral: Not taking a position or a side Impressment: Forcing men to serve in the British military. In Britain, impressment gangs raided villages and took young men to serve in the navy. Laissez faire: let alone, little government regulations or involvement Embargo: ban War Hawks: those who want war with Britain Nationalism: devotion to ones country Slide 5 The United States traded with both France and England. However, France tried to stop Americans from trading with Britain and Britain sought to stop the Americans from trading with France. Both France and Britain took over American ships while they were at sea. Britain impressed U.S. sailors. Jefferson made an embargo, or ban, on trading with France or England. Slide 6 Settlers had been fighting with Indians for land on the Western frontier. Wars had been fought with the Indians Tecumseh, a Shawnee, was a leader of an Indian confederacy. His brother, The Prophet, encouraged Indians to return to the ways of their ancestors to repel the Whites. Many Americans felt the British were behind arming, or giving guns to, the Native Americans Tecumseh Slide 7 What emotions do these two birds make you feel? Slide 8 War Hawks was the nickname for people who wanted the United States to go to war with England Doves is a term for people who want to stay out of war. It was particularly used during Vietnam for those who protested that war. Slide 9 Madison becomes president in 1809 President Madison asked Congress to declare war on Britain in June 1812. Both houses did declare war. The U.S. was unprepared for war. The navy only had 16 ships. The army was small and ill equipped. The government relied on volunteers. The British navy blockaded American ports. Slide 10 The U.S. tried to invade Canada, but it failed. The British attacked the north, east, and south. Slide 11 In 1814, the British invaded Washington, D.C. The British scattered the untrained American troops. Dolley Madison was in the White House. She refused to leave until several items had been securely taken from the White House. Among those items was a portrait of George Washington and some important papers. Slide 12 Once inside the White House, the soldiers found the dining hall set for a dinner for 40 people. After eating all the food, they took souvenirs (e.g., one of the president's hats) and then set the building on fire. The White House was burned by British troops along with other government buildings such as the capitol and the Library of Congress. A storm the next morning helped to put out the fires though only the exterior walls of the White House remained. Slide 13 After burning D.C., the British moved toward Baltimore. Baltimore was a bustling port city guarded by Fort McHenry. The British planned to bomb the fort and then take control of the city. Slide 14 Baltimore, third largest city in the U.S in 1814. About 46,000 people lived there Slide 15 Slide 16 Francis Scott Key was trying to obtain the release of his friend, Dr. Beane, from a British ship in Baltimore Harbor. Key was kept on the boat through the night as the British bombed Fort McHenry. Slide 17 A rampart, or wall of defense Congreve Rocket used by the British on Fort McHenry The Carcass bomb. Meant to start buildings on fire. Slide 18 Roughly 1500-1800 bombs and rockets were sent by the British at Ft. McHenry It lasted 25 hours Some weighed 200 lbs. BUT.. In the dawns first light, Francis Scott Key saw the flag still waving over the fort. He wrote a poem about his experience and his words became our national Anthem. Slide 19 Many years later, Key described his feelings, Through the clouds of war, the stars of that banner still shone in my view.... Then, in that hour of deliverance and joyful triumph, my heart spoke, and Does not such a country, and such defenders of their country, deserve a song? was its question. With it came an inspiration not to be resisted; and even though it had been a hanging matter to make a song, I must have written it. Let the praise, then, if any be due, be given, not to me, who only did what I could not help doing, not to the writer, but to the inspirers of the song! Slide 20 Today you can see the actual flag that was flown over Fort McHenry. It is on display in the Smithsonian Institute American History museum in Washington, D. C. It has been painstakingly restored Slide 21 STAND!! HAND over your HEART Show respect by being QUIET FACE THE FLAG, not the music. Slide 22 VERSE ONE Oh, say can you see by the dawn's early light What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars thru the perilous fight, O'er the ramparts we watched were so gallantly streaming? And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. Oh, say does that star-spangled banner yet wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave? VERSE FOUR Oh! thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand Between their loved home and the war's desolation! Blest with victory and peace, may the heav'n rescued land Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation. Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, And this be our motto: "In God is our trust." And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave! Slide 23 A Tennessee officer Led troops in the Creek War in the South In Jan. 1815, Americans, Indians, and African Americans fought against the British in New Orleans. They dug trenches 2,000 British were killed Only 7 Americans died Slide 24 Overnight Jackson became a National hero. His nickname was Old Hickory because he was as tough as hickory (The Battle had taken place after the peace treaty was signed Dec, 1814.) Later, Jackson becomes president of the U.S>