BBC Monitor 09

MONITORING.BBC.CO.UK

KCN

A/AF

P/G

etty

Imag

es

Afghan first lady speaks out

Kim's battle plan What price better living in North Korea?

Life under IS in Libya

Whither the Left in Latin America?

JULY 2016

T H E W O R L D T H R O U G H I T S M E D I A

MONITOR#09

In the two short months since the last Monitor dramatic news stories have kept coming - British voters decided to leave the European Union, terror attacks at a gay club in Orlando and the Ataturk airport in Istanbul, the impeachment of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff and the highs and lows of Eurovision and Euro 2016.

At BBC Monitoring we are privileged to record historic moments, and in this edition's Inside Monitoring column we talk about the challenges of maintaining journalistic integrity while following the emotional Brexit debate across European media.

Our other task is to look ahead to new developments and spot emerging trends. In this issue we look at North Korea's latest drive to boost its economy, the revival of the "informers" in Russia and the decline of firebrand leftist governments in Latin America. Also well worth a read is our Middle East experts' special report tracking life under Islamic State rule as gleaned from verified videos taken in the Libyan coastal town of Sirte.

As ever, the magazine gives you a taste of the unique insights we offer through our constant watch of world media. To find out more about our services, please check the BBC Monitoring portal at https://monitoring.bbc.co.uk or use the contact information on this page.

Sara Beck

What We Do

We bring you words as spoken in the media around the world, as well as the "why" and the "how". Our purpose is to help customers understand the ever changing environment in which they do business.

Contact Us

BBC Monitoring Caversham Park Reading RG4 8TZ United Kingdom +44 118 948 6338 [email protected]

BBC © 2016 All rights reserved. No publication or distribution of the whole or any part of this magazine is permitted without the written consent of BBC Monitoring.

Sara Beck Director, BBC Monitoring

Who We Are

BBC Monitoring provides news and information from media sources around the world. Our round-the-clock monitoring of TV, radio, press, internet and news agencies is provided to the BBC and a range of customers – commercial clients, including media organisations, foreign governments, NGOs and universities, and the UK government.

BBC Monitoring is part of the BBC World Service Group. It employs 370 staff and a network of contributors based in Reading, near London, and offices in Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America and the former Soviet Union.

Editorial

MONITOR #09

2

MONITORING.BBC.CO.UKMONITORING.BBC.CO.UK


1 A costly battle

East Asia specialist Pratik Jakhar reviews North Korea's latest bid to raise living standards

2 Boycotting the hajj

Middle East expert Lamia Estatie explains why there will be no Iranians in Mecca this year

3 Cars and crucifixions: life under IS BBCM 's expert team charts a timeline of the Islamic State's "rule of law" in Sirte, birthplace of Muammar Gaddafi

4 News from Elsewhere

Extraordinary reports from the world media selected by our blog editor Cassandra Cavallaro

5 The oldest profession?

Russian editorial lead Olga Bugorkova reports the revival of Soviet-style reforms

6 China's innocents

Upasana Bhat explains why hundreds of death sentences are being revoked in China

7 Revolution at an end

Claudia Plazas observes a swing to the right across Latin America

8 Speaking out: Rula Ghani

Afghan analyst Majid Nusrat says the Afghan first lady's comments about the Mujahideen mark her as no longer an outsider

9 Inside Monitoring

Staff writer Martin Morgan navigates the editorial and legal challenges of reporting the European media debate on Britain's referendum

Featured Stories

MONITOR #09

3


North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has announced a five-year development plan, putting the economy alongside nuclear weapons in strategic importance. East Asia specialist Pratik Jakhar examines Pyongyang’s latest attempt to raise living standards

What price Kim’s battle for better living?

ED J

ON

ES/A

FP/G

etty

Imag

es

North Korea's development plan aims to put the struggling industry sector on the right track

MONITOR #09

4


At the May congress of his ruling Workers’ Party, Kim Jong-un pledged to continue his signature policy of "Byongjin" - jointly pursuing nuclear weapons and economic development. He also outlined a "five-year strategy for the state economic development from 2016 to 2020".

A 200-day campaign - promoted in state media as a military “battle” - has been launched to implement it, with Mr Kim making well publicised visits to the battlefield, which so far has included a pickle factory and a machinery plant.

However, observers fear that the quality of public works is being compromised in the rush to complete projects by arbitrary deadlines.

Development planAlthough a common practice in Communist countries, the five-year-plan is North Korea's first since 1987.

The focus on improving the economy comes against the backdrop of harsher UN sanctions, which have made it harder for Pyongyang to acquire foreign currency and energy imports.

The plan puts particular emphasis on improving productivity in the energy sector, boosting self-reliance and raising living standards.

"(We must) solve the energy problem and place the basic industry sector on the right track, and increase agricultural and light industry production to make a clear improvement in people’s living," Kim said.

An article published by the US-based analysis website 38 North says the plan is a "significant feat" that establishes Kim Jong-un's "commitment to economic development as a cornerstone for his legitimacy, providing North Korea's most objective scorecard in decades for measuring the performance of one of its leaders".

200-day battleA joint conference in May of officials from the Workers' Party representing the government, the economic sector and the military discussed plans to improve the coal, energy, rail, farming, fishing and mining sectors, party newspaper Rodong Sinmun reported at the time.

This was followed by the launch of the "200-day battle", described by the state media as "a safeguard of party policy that will lead to a breakthrough in carrying out the five-year strategy for economic growth".

Campaigns and industrial targets in North Korea are frequently promoted in terms of warfare.

Since then, state media heavily publicised the "battle", with a stream of commentaries urging citizens to boost production, speed up construction projects and innovate.

This campaign follows on from a similar "70-day campaign of loyalty" launched in the run-up to the May party congress.

One visit to a pickle factory was notable by the absence of pickles on the conveyor belt

KCN

A/AF

P/G

etty

Imag

es

"Field guidance": there has been an upsurge in Kim Jong-un's visits to factories and farms

MONITOR #09

5


An article in the Seoul-based NK News, which closely tracks the visits, says that the "pattern of appearances demonstrates Kim's public image as keeping with the rhetoric of the congress itself, focusing on development of domestic economy and services".

One visit to a pickle factory, however, was notable by the absence of pickles on the conveyor belt.

Leader's visitsMeanwhile, South Korea's Unification Ministry has noted an upsurge in Kim Jong-un's public appearances related to the economy.

These "field guidance" trips - something Mr Kim’s father and grandfather were fond of - were made to more than a dozen sites since the party congress, including a tree nursery and machinery plant.

The focus on improving the economy comes against the

backdrop of harsher UN sanctions, which have made it harder for Pyongyang to acquire foreign currency and energy imports

ED J

ON

ES/A

FP/G

etty

Imag

es

There are fears south of the border that workers are regarded as expendable tools and that safety is not a priority

ED J

ON

ES/A

FP/G

etty

Imag

es

MONITOR #09

6


Kerry Allen follows Chinese media from our UK headquarters in Caversham Park

Pratik Jakhar monitors East Asian media from the BBC’s Delhi bureau. BBCM’s weekly North Korea briefing is available by subscription

“At all costs”Back-to-back mobilisation drives calling for speedy construction and boosting energy production are putting a strain on North Korea's already substandard infrastructure. "Speed of construction is emphasised over basic safety standards," an article on the Seoul-based portal DailyNK notes. "The regime does not regard workers as people but rather as expendable tools of labour."

The website recalls a similar 200-day “battle” that ended in casualties in 1989: several soldiers were killed when the Kumchon Bridge collapsed in South Hwanghae Province.

Already, state media disclosed on 8 June that a woman was killed and several others injured while working in cold weather at a construction site. Such public acknowledgement of casualties appears to be "an indication that Pyongyang wants results from the 200-day campaign at all costs", says Kim Yong-hyun, a professor of North Korean studies at Dongguk University in Seoul.

The Mount Paektu hydropower plant, which has been touted as a major construction feat, reportedly started leaking shortly after its completion last month.

"So far, the North Korean government remains rather indifferent to the country's infrastructure, which is seen as inferior to ‘proper’ industries", Andrei Lankov, a professor at Kookmin University in Seoul, writes in a commentary published on Radio Free Asia website.

Drama and games: China changing tack

China's state media have taken efforts to soften their tone on reports about North Korea in recent months. While the government in Beijing strongly opposes North Korea's nuclear tests, and social media users have reacted with outrage to apparent diplomatic snubs by Kim Jong-un, mainstream media appears trying to distill growing discontent.

Chinese pundits have been suggesting that high-level government meetings between the two countries are failing to improve relations. Consequently, there appears to have been a change in tack to send a friendly signal to the reclusive nation. In late May, much media attention was given to a friendly basketball game between the two countries. And media outlets in June have highlighted a popular soap opera that focuses on Sino-North Korean friendship during the Korean War.

By China analyst Kerry Allen

CR

NA

Kim enjoys an international basketball match against China, something the Chinese media highlighted in softening its approach on reporting on North Korea


MONITOR #09

7

Cursed pilgrimage: why Iran is boycotting the hajj

Middle East expert Lamia Estatie explains why Iranians won’t be seen in Mecca this year

AFP/

Get

ty Im

ages

Iranian officials accuse Saudi Arabia of "blocking the path to Allah"

MONITOR #09

8


Iranians will not be travelling to Mecca this September for the annual Muslim pilgrimage, the hajj.

Announcing the decision, the Hajj and Pilgrimage Organisation in Iran blamed it on "obstacles created by the Saudi government".

In the latest dispute with its geopolitical rival, Iran accused Saudi Arabia of "using the hajj and the two holy shrines for political purposes" and "blocking the path to Allah".

Several high-ranking clerics have issued edicts freeing Iran’s Muslims of their religious obligation to attend the hajj. The Koran mandates all physically able Muslims to carry out the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.

An Iranian delegation visiting the Saudi kingdom in May refused to accept Riyadh’s restrictions, including a ban on ceremonies and displays of national flags during the hajj.

There were also disagreements on visa procedures and the choice of air carriers. However, the Saudis did agree to a diplomatic presence from Iran to look after its pilgrims' needs.

It looks like this won’t be needed.

Old rivalsThe row is rooted in the long-lasting rivalry between the two countries for religious and political leadership of the Islamic world. Tensions escalated recently against the backdrop of wars in Syria and Yemen, with Sunni-majority Saudi Arabia and Shia-dominated Iran backing opposing sides in the conflicts.

Saudi Arabia severed ties with Iran following attacks on diplomatic missions in Tehran and Mashhad by protestors demonstrating against Saudi's execution of prominent Shia cleric Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr.

Meanwhile, the head of Iran's judiciary has publicly questioned Saudi Arabia’s ability to organise the hajj, alluding to last year’s stampede outside Mecca which killed thousands of pilgrims, including over 400 Iranians.

The row is rooted in the long-lasting rivalry between the two countries for religious

and political leadership of the Islamic world

ATTA

KEN

ARE/

AFP/

Get

ty Im

ages

Thousands, including hundreds of Iranians, died in a stampede near Mecca last year, prompting Iran to question the Saudis' ability to organise the hajj

MONITOR #09

9


ATTA

KEN

ARE/

AFP/

Get

ty Im

ages

Saud

i Mak

kah

new

spap

er/Y

aser

The rivalry has spilled into social networks. On Twitter, Saudi users seem unconcerned by the prospect of absent Iranians, while Iranian posts are riddled with sarcasm, and a tinge of regret.

One person posted a caricature depicting Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei loading Iranian pilgrim-shaped bullets into a gun. Another Saudi post shares a video clip of pilgrims chanting prayers for the Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces, a Shia paramilitary force. The tweet reads: "This is the hajj that Iran and its dogs want. They want to incite sectarianism and pray for the killing of Muslims."

An Iranian post says: "Until last year, the Islamic Republic was doing business by sending people to hajj. This time it is doing business by not sending them."

And another blames the situation on Iranian protestors who set fire to the Saudi embassy in Iran in January, ruining the hajj for the "many old men and women who have saved for years to perform the hajj before they die”.

This is not the first time Iran has boycotted the pilgrimage. In 1987 over 400 people were killed in Mecca when Iranian pilgrims held a political rally and clashed with Saudi security forces, leading to a three-year break in diplomatic ties.

This year, Iran’s absence from the largest annual Muslim congregation is a dramatic symbol of how far the rift with its rival has widened.

Originally from Lebanon, Lamia Estatie covers the Middle East from BBC Monitoring’s UK headquarters

Imag

e C

redi

t...

Saudis have taken to social media to mock the Iranian clerics' decision

Saudi execution of prominent Shia cleric Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr in January sent relations spiralling further downwards

MONITOR #09

10


Cybertensions A self-proclaimed hacker from Saudi Arabia called "Da3s" attacked the websites of Iran's Statistical Centre and Registration Office in May. Instead of their normal front pages, the websites were carrying a photo of the former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein, Iran’s arch-enemy since the 1980s.

Many Iranian media sources thought the hacker's name was mispelled and that the attack was the work of the Sunni jihadist group Islamic State - widely known in the Middle East as "Daesh". Posting on Twitter as Salman al-Harbi, the attacker denied any links with the group.

A day after Da3s's attacks, a group calling itself "Iran Security Team" retaliated by targeting Saudi Arabia's General Authority for Statistics and King Abdulaziz University, defacing their websites with a jeering message of its own.

Another team of Iranian hackers identifying as "Digital Boys Underground Team" hacked the Saudi Commerce Ministry's website.

Over the next few days, a series of apparently tit-for-tat attacks saw more websites targeted, almost all of which were defaced or rendered inaccessible by DDoS (distributed denial-of-service) attacks.

Iran's police and cyberpolice force, its judiciary, national postal service and culture ministry were all targeted. The hackers' IP addresses were traced to Saudi Arabia.

Messages left by hackers became increasingly political and hostile. After hacking the website of Iran's Foreign Ministry, a group calling itself "Team Bad Dream" branded the Iranian government the "mother of terrorism", and demanded an end to the "killing of children in Iraq, Yemen and Syria".

The group tweeted that a "cyberwar" between Iranian and Saudi hackers had begun.

In his latest attacks, Da3s pointed to the Yemen conflict and castigated the Iranian authorities for boycotting the hajj.

MONITOR #09

11


Isla

mic

Sta

te m

edia

For the past year, so-called Islamic State (IS) group has held the coastal city of Sirte, its Libyan stronghold. Using posts in social media and IS publications, BBC Monitoring's team of experts looks back over the past four months to track how the group has been imposing its own rule of law there

Cars and crucifixions: life under Islamic State in Libya

JUN

MA

Y

AP

R

MA

R

FE

B 8

6

9

23

Rivalry and Crucifixions It is one year since Islamic State seized Sirte

Car sales in the caliphate IS wants to show that life goes on as normal in Sirte

New leader, old friction IS names the new leader of its Libyan branch

Celebrating Brussels Sweets handed out in celebration of bombings

Islamic State militants have been carrying out public floggings in Sirte - and publicising them on social media

MONITOR #09

12


8 February - Rivalry and crucifixions It is one year since Islamic State seized Sirte. The group appears to be trying to demonstrate that it is in control by releasing a video showing its morality police enforcing their strict interpretation of Islamic rules, including one which demands that men wear their trousers short.

Alongside pictures showing alms being handed out to the poor, IS also distributes images of public floggings. Pictures on social media show "crucified" corpses in the main roundabout.

Meanwhile, Libyan prime minister-designate Fayez Seraj seeks to gain approval for a cabinet. The UN is encouraging him to bring order to a country in chaos since Muammar Gaddafi was toppled in 2011.

Libya is torn between two rival governments, one based in the east of the country and one in the west, allowing IS to prosper in the central area.

6 March - Car sales in the caliphateIS wants to show that life goes on as normal in Sirte, posting images of public services department workers pruning trees, sheep-grazing, bee-keepers at work and an open-air showroom with dozens of cars on sale.

IS branches in Syria, Iraq and Libya regularly publish scenes of everyday life to recruit members and give the impression that they are effectively administering the land under their control.

Social media users, however, post pictures of people having fun on the beach in the days "before the terrorists arrived". "God willing, Sirte will return to how it was," says one user.

Communication between Sirte and the outside world is difficult, because of notoriously unreliable internet connections as well as IS restrictions. Some residents appear defiant, one tweeting: "I'm staying, #Daesh (IS), and I will continue to spread news of my city #Sirte to the world via Twitter, even if you cut our necks".

Several people have been recalling fond memories of the city, publishing pictures of the past with the hashtag #beloved_Sirte .

9 March - New leader, old friction

IS names the new leader of its Libyan branch to replace his predecessor who was killed in a US air strike in November 2015. Shaykh Abd-al-Qadir al-Najdi is thought to be a foreigner, like his predecessors. His name suggests he is from Saudi Arabia.

The presence of foreign fighters is a source of friction, with locals complaining that the outsiders look down on them, and the IS fighters complaining of racism. One social media user asks: "Why does #Daesh prefer foreign commanders to Libyans?" Weeks later, IS calls a reconciliation meeting between locals and foreign fighters.

The meeting is advertised in a flyer, which has been circulated on social media and also invites city residents to the public execution of two of the group's own Libyan commanders, apparently to set a disciplinary example.

A separate IS letter to residents says racism towards foreign fighters will not be tolerated and warns the people of Sirte to show loyalty to the creed of Islam rather than to their tribe or city.

The author vows to "fix this Libyan problem before it is too late". The presence of foreigners in Sirte, such as these pictured in an IS training video, has caused tension.

Separately, an IS video featuring Sirte-based militants from Mali, Nigeria, Ghana and Senegal encourages West Africans to travel to Libya to join the group - another sign that IS may be struggling to co-opt locals.

JUN

MA

Y

AP

R

MA

R

FE

B 18

2 8

7 17

21

30

19

Religious education IS publicises a graduation ceremony

Residents flee, IS gains territory reports of impending military advance, hundreds go

Government lauches offensive Formation of a coalition to crush IS announced

Not-so-compliant tribes Large tribes can't, or won't, support IS

Government gains ally Successful commander become minister of defence

Fight "to death" A defiant message from IS

Sirte surrounded government-led advance

Radio war Unity government forces say they have been jamming IS radio

Imag

e C

redi

t...

MONITOR #09

13


Isla

mic

Sta

te m

edia

23 March - Celebrating Brussels Following the bomb attacks on Brussels claimed by IS, the group's media arm shows pictures of sweets being handed out in Sirte in celebration of the bombings.

Days later the new "unity" government arrives in Tripoli.

Its arrival in the capital represents another stage in efforts to stabilise and unify the country which is split among rival factions, including IS. The ministers arrive by boat because opposing forces have blocked the city's air space.

18 April - Religious educationIS publicises the religious education of residents with pictures of a graduation ceremony for hundreds of ordinary people at a big conference centre in Sirte.

This appears to be the culmination of a major series of events that IS forced people to attend in an attempt to make everyone conform to its strict interpretation of Islamic law.

Some take to social media to complain.

According to local Twitter accounts, attendance of the course was mandatory for all males aged 15 and above, with all shops and businesses closed between afternoon and evening prayers, and movement in the street prohibited during this time.

One account said that two young men were arrested for failing to attend the course, but were released days later.

One tweet comments wryly that IS itself, rather than the local population, was "most in need of this kind of course".

IS publicity pictures show people attending a religious education session. Some people have raised objections on social media.

2 May - Residents flee, IS gains territoryAmid reports of an impending military advance on Sirte, hundreds of families reportedly flee the city in the latest of several waves over recent months.

Al-Wasat website says fleeing residents told troops at roadblocks west of the city that their cars were searched by Libyan, Tunisian and Chadian IS members, who prevented them from taking their furniture, cooking utensils and gas cylinders.

Reports from the city suggest that the hospitals are barely functioning, the staff themselves having fled or staying away out of fear.

Over the next few days IS forces advance west towards Misrata, seizing territory including the strategic town of Abu-Qurayn, where they carry out a series of suicide attacks.

IS appears to be trying to seize the initiative to pre-empt any attack on its stronghold.

7 May - Central government announces push against ISThe unity government, having gained the support of some significant factions, announces the formation of a coalition to crush IS.

The anti-IS operation is headquartered in the town of Misrata, whose forces are a key component of the coalition.

Misrata has ample supplies of weapons and its fighters were crucial in the overthrow of Gaddafi.

The Misrata militia also has Islamist leanings - like many of the other militia - and has been accused of brutal behaviour.

The headquarters soon starts reporting battlefield developments to local TV channels and posting updates on its Facebook page under the name Operation Solid Structure, a reference to a Koranic verse which is often invoked by IS itself.

Libya is torn between two rival governments, one based in the east of the country and one in the west, allowing IS to prosper in the central area

Imag

e C

redi

t...

Some have raised objections on social media to IS publicity pictures showing people attending religious education sessions

MONITOR #09

14


Isla

mic

Sta

te m

edia

Isla

mic

Sta

te m

edia

8 May - Not-so-compliant tribesIS publishes pictures supposedly showing tribal leaders pledging their support for the self-styled caliphate.

However, it becomes clear that these large tribes - Wlad Sliman, Warfala and Gaddadfa - won't or can't provide realistic support to IS with reports over the next few days of clashes between tribesmen and IS militants in nearby towns.

An informant from the town of Abu Hadi, a few miles south of Sirte, tells the Libyan news website Al-Wasat that young men from the Gaddadfa tribe had attacked a convoy of IS "Islamic Police" hunting for tribesmen.

There have been numerous reports in Libyan media saying that since it took root, IS has dealt harshly with these tribes.

IS militants reportedly arrested and executed scores of Gaddadfa tribesmen, the people of former leader Muammar Gaddafi.

The large Warfala tribe has reportedly seen many of its towns taken over by IS, and tribesmen who had worked for the police, military or judiciary have been executed.

Roll them up: the religious police have many rules, including one which demands that men wear their trousers short

The presence of foreigners in Sirte, such as these pictured in an IS training video, has caused tension

MONITOR #09

15


17 May - Government gains allyThe government in Tripoli manages to convince one of the most successful commanders in eastern Libya - Lt Al-Mahdi al-Barghathi - to become minister of defence.

On his way to assume his duties in the capital, he visits the strategic oil port of Sidra and secures the support of the Petroleum Facilities Guard (PFG) - the men who are supposed to guard Libya's oil wealth, but who have turned into a rogue private army.

Their support is key to encircling Sirte from the east, while militia from Misrata attack from the west. The odds are now stacked in favour of Operation Solid Structure.

21 May - Fight "to death"A defiant message from IS spokesman Abu-Muhammad al-Adnani appears to prepare supporters for the loss of one of its strongholds. He mentions Sirte alongside Raqqa in Syria and Mosul in Iraq, underlining the importance of its Libyan bastion.

"Will we be defeated if we lose Mosul or Sirte or Raqqa or all the cities and go back to how we were before? No. Defeat is only losing the desire and the will to fight."

He warns that IS will fight "to death", enacting a scorched earth policy in the event of being dislodged from any of its strongholds.

This article was researched and written by Jihadi and Middle East media experts Peter King, Mohamed Al-Assar and Andy von Glehn

30 May - Sirte surroundedThe government-led advance recovers towns from IS to the east, west and south before entering Sirte.

Within days the anti-IS forces, surprised by their own progress, corner IS militants holding out in a small area in the centre of the city.

19 June - Radio war

Operation Solid Structure announces that it has started test broadcasting on an FM frequency previously used by IS's Al-Bayan Radio. The unity government-backed forces claim that they have been jamming IS radio.

Since the beginning of June, fighting between the two sides has continued with IS carrying out a series of suicide bombings and government forces bombarding IS positions in the centre of the city.

Religious police have been enforcing a strict interpretation of Islam, which means these drums have to go

Isla

mic

Sta

te m

edia

MONITOR #09

16


The News from Elsewhere blog is a partnership between the BBC News Magazine and BBC Monitoring. It aims to provide readers with an insight into life in other countries through their media, using short posts to illustrate the differences between cultures.

It also highlights unusual stories being reported around the globe, spots trends in social media, examines the use of propaganda by governments and others, and attempts to see events through the eyes of foreign reporters.

The blog is based on contributions from BBC Monitoring journalists around the world, which are curated by our multimedia producer Cassandra Cavallaro. In addition to BBC Monitoring she has worked in a number of BBC newsrooms, bringing stories to a variety of UK and global audiences.

www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs/news_from_elsewhere

Use #NewsfromElsewhere to stay up-to-date with our reports via Twitter.

News From Elsewhere

MONITOR #09

17



MONITOR #09

18


Kim Jong-un, seen with a cigarette, is known to be a heavy smoker like his father Kim Jong-il

The advert shows two of the toddlers teasing their friend for not wanting to drink bottled milk

North Korea: Smoking KimNorth Korean leader Kim Jong-un has been spotted smoking in public for the first time in around two months, despite the country being in the middle of an official anti-smoking campaign.

State media has been showing the country's Supreme Leader with a cigarette in his right hand during a visit to a children's camp in Pyongyang. Until now, news reports on Kim's activities have shown him without his habitual cigarette and an ashtray on a nearby table. He's known to be a heavy smoker, and BBC analysts say he may have just stopped smoking on official duties for the sake of the cameras. The leader was last seen lighting up on 15 March while attending a test of a home-grown North Korean rocket motor.

The sight of Kim smoking comes as a surprise, as the country is in the midst of what state newspaper Rodong Sinmun calls a "brisk" anti-tobacco campaign in a country which has a large smoking population. According to the World Health Organisation, over half of North Korean men were smokers in 2012, South Korean news agency Yonhap says, one of the highest rates in Asia.

Smoking in the country is almost exclusively a male habit, and to hammer home the "No smoking" message Korean Central TV broadcast a 40 minute-long programme entitled "The Extra Quality Favourite Item Threatening Life," in which women scolded male smokers, calling them "imbeciles who upset their surroundings".

An Egyptian milk advert in which toddlers refer to their mothers' breasts has been banned after a public outcry, with some complaining it could encourage sexual harassment towards women.

The TV commercial for the Juhayna dairy brand featured two little boys teasing their friend about his inability to grow out of breast milk, accusing him of lacking "masculinity". The toddler whines: "I just cannot forget the dundoo," meaning his mother's breasts. One of the other boys replies: "And you never will."

The word "dundoo" has no origin in Arabic, and seems to have been used as toddler-speak to avoid referring directly to female body parts.

Egypt's Consumer Protection Agency banned the advert on Sunday, saying it contained thinly disguised sexual references, the al-Masry al-Youm website reports.

It first aired at the start of Ramadan, the Muslim holy month, clocking up 1.6m views on YouTube in less than a week. But it quickly ignited a storm of criticism from social media users.

KCN

A

Juha

yna/

YouT

ube

One described the advert as "gross", while another said young men would now use the word "dundoo" to harass women on the street. That view was echoed by journalist and TV presenter Ibrahim Elgarhi, who sarcastically thanked Juhayna for its "valuable contribution" towards "updating the dictionary of sexual harassment terms with the word dundoo".

But others felt the problem was in people's minds. Women's Uprising, a women's rights Facebook page, said only "sick mentalities who view a woman's body as a sex object" would have thought the advert was suggestive. "Breastfeeding has never been something to be ashamed of," the page reads.

Sexual harassment is widespread in Egypt, and campaigners say things are getting worse. In 2014, a UN survey found that 99.3% of Egyptian women and girls had been subjected to verbal or physical harassment.

Egypt: Outcry over 'suggestive' milk advert


MONITOR #09

19


Guess which of these means "pukana" Asylum seekers from a centre in Dianalund are among those taking part in the project

New Zealand: Maori 'emotiki'People wanting to text in a Maori "accent" will soon to be able to do so with the release of a special set of emoji in New Zealand.

Called "emotiki", the distinctive green symbols will be officially available for iPhone and Android users and are already doing the rounds on social media, Radio New Zealand reports. Along with more usual ideas and emotions, the 150-character keyboard will also reflect Maori-specific concepts such as moves of the ritual haka warrior dance, as well as flax skirt, outrigger canoe and whanau - the term for the extended family typical of traditional Maori social organisation.

The emojis are the work of the Te Puia Maori cultural centre, which said it was going to keep them under wraps until July, but had confirmed their existence after being "thrilled" by the response online. The idea came from youngsters using social media to celebrate their performances at traditional Maori song and dance events, according to spokeswoman Kiri Atkinson-Crean. "All they could use were expressions and symbols from other countries," she told the Stuff website. "We wanted to give them another form of this language for an opportunity to express themselves."

Plans are under way in Denmark for a football league for asylum seekers, aimed at helping them to integrate into society.

Residents at four centres for asylum seekers in eastern Denmark will compete against each other in the pilot project, which is due to kick-off in August, the TV2 website reports.

It is the idea of Per Bjerregaard, former chairman of the top-flight Danish club Brondby IF. "The project can contribute in a variety of ways," he tells the broadcaster.

"Asylum seekers can get exercise and variety in their daily lives, and get easier access to other Danes and associations in Denmark. In this way we can facilitate integration through football."

The participants are being kitted out with football boots and strips, and Mr Bjerregaard says a number of big names have agreed to help with coaching the players. Among them are former Danish national team manager Morten Olsen and ex-Celtic midfielder Morten Wieghorst.

Te P

uia

TV2

The Red Cross, European football's governing body UEFA, and the Danish football association are also backing the project.

Kasper Koch from the Red Cross says football takes people's minds off their other worries and can help them to form personal networks, a key tool in finding employment.

Mr Koch hopes the league could go nationwide - or perhaps even further, telling TV2: "Who knows - maybe it could have the same structure as the Champions League."

Denmark: Asylum-seeker football league planned

"There is no God," a man in Russia's Stavropol wrote in the heat of an online debate. Now 38-year-old Viktor Krasnov is facing a potential prison term for "insulting believers' feelings" - all thanks to a complaint filed by his opponents.

Krasnov's case is not unique in today's Russia. Soviet-style denunciation appears to be back in fashion, says Russian Orthodox deacon Andrei Kurayev. "It's like an epidemic: a wrong picture is reported inciting something or reminiscent of something, a neighbour is accused of listening to the wrong radio. It feels like the [19]30s," he told Stavropol news website NewsTracker.

Over the past two years, the Russian media have regularly reported on trials and probes launched because of complaints from "concerned citizens". As a result, bloggers, publicists, theatre directors, bus drivers and even housewives have had to face inquiries, and in some cases stand trial.

"Everything is sliding back to 1937: denunciations, secret informers and squealers," Irina Khaly, a senior researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, told The Moscow Times English-language daily.

Khaly is referring to the Soviet purges of the 1930s, when people would denounce their neighbours, rivals and parents to advance their career or get benefits from the state.

Back on the line: informers in Putin's Russia

A Soviet-era occupation is making a comeback, writes BBCM's Russian editorial lead Olga Bugorkova

Imag

e C

redi

t...

"Secular inquisition": the Russian news website Lenta.ru sums up the arrest of an atheist blogger

Lent

a.ru

. Pho

to V

icto

r Kra

nsno

w V

Kont

akte

MONITOR #09

20


State supportThe revival of this Soviet-style phenomenon would hardly be possible without support from the authorities.

In today's Russia, most government agencies and law-enforcement bodies have hotlines and special sections on their websites, allowing any online user to easily get in touch.

Legislation also appears to be encouraging informers. A law signed by President Vladimir Putin last year entitles professional informers to a pension from the state. And a recently drafted bill suggests those reporting "corruption" should receive monetary rewards.

But it is not just anti-corruption legislation that inspires people to become informers, experts warn. A growing number of vague laws loosely defining extremism, gay propaganda and believers' feelings might be sending a signal to watchful activists.

"Groups of concerned citizens appear when there is a campaign that they can capitalise on," says Alexander Cherkasov of the Memorial human rights group. "The state is sending a signal as to who should be targeted, and the hunt is on," he told The Moscow Times.

In the wake of the Ukrainian crisis, some Russians experienced such campaigns first-hand.

Andrei Bubeyev, an electrical engineer and opposition activist from Tver, a town north of Moscow, was found guilty of extremism last year after an online opponent accused him of reposting material linked to the Ukrainian nationalist group Right Sector.

Now Bubeyev is on trial again - this time for reposting cartoon images on the social network VKontakte.

In March, Valeriya Rytvina, a pro-Kremlin activist from Yekaterinburg, asked the Interior Ministry, the Prosecutor-General's Office and the Federal Security Service (FSB) to check all those who openly supported a single mother sentenced earlier for reposting pro-Ukrainian material on social media. "These citizens are at the very least morally supporting a woman who calls for extremism," Rytvina told the Latvia-based Russian news website, Meduza. She asked that the word "denunciation" not be used to describe her complaint.

"Besieged fortress"The encouragement of denunciation helps the state maintain control over society according to the principle of divide and rule, says political analyst Mikhail Komin.

"Today's encouragement and stepping up of this process in society - by setting up hotlines to combat banned Western food, by calling on people to fight the 'fifth column' - all this helps the authorities support the illusion of a besieged fortress," he wrote in a column on the pro-opposition Novaya Gazeta website.

A growing number of vague laws loosely defining extremism, gay propaganda and believers' feelings might be sending a signal to watchful activists

Olga Bugorkova leads the Monitoring team in the BBC's Moscow bureau

Fox

Phot

os/G

etty

Imag

es

Some commentators feel that elements of the 1930s Soviet Union are alive and well in 2016 Russia

Alex

ande

r Aks

akov

/Get

ty Im

ages

MONITOR #09

21


Why China is revoking death sentences

The retrial of a case involving a man who may have been wrongfully executed is heralded in China as the first success of much-needed judicial reform. Asia specialist Upasana Bhat reviews China’s attempts to review past death sentences

Pressure on local police to solve murder cases has led to a number of miscarriages of justice

Wei

bo/N

ie S

hubi

n's

mot

her

Nie Shubin (top right) was executed for rape and murder, a crime another man has now confessed

MONITOR #09

22


Nie Shubin was executed in 1995 after he was declared guilty of raping and killing a woman. Now another man has confessed to the crime, the Chinese media have been calling for judicial reform by overturning wrongful convictions.

China has the largest number of executions in the world, reportedly in the thousands per year, but the exact number is unknown.

In recent months, the verdicts of a number of high-profile Chinese murder cases have been reversed.

“Miscarriages of justice”In Nie’s case, the Supreme People's Court ordered a retrial due to concerns over insufficient evidence. In another, an inmate with a suspended death sentence, who had been wrongly convicted of murder and arson, was given compensation of 2.75m yuan (429,000 dollars). Chen Man was released in February after spending 23 years in jail.

In April, a court in Jilin Province exonerated a death row inmate, Liu Jiqiang, in an 18-year-old case dubbed the "Valentine's Day murder". The case had already seen three retrials.

Nie's case echoes that involving an 18-year-old man from Inner Mongolia named Huugjilt, who was executed in 1996 for rape and murder. He received a posthumous pardon in 2014 after a serial rapist and killer admitted to the crime. In January 2015, his parents received state compensation of over 2m yuan (310,000 US dollars).

Analysts such as Fu Dazhong, from the Jilin Academy of Social Sciences, say that pressure on local police to solve murder cases has led to a number of "miscarriages of justice".

Legal reformChina has seen thousands of retrials since 2013 in order to improve its judicial system.

Chief of Justice Zhou Qiang says this is to prevent and “correct” wrong verdicts.

"We deeply reproach ourselves for letting wrongful convictions happen. Courts of all levels should learn a serious lesson from these cases," Zhou said while delivering the Supreme People's Court's work report to parliament in March 2015.

Zhou reported that China had re-heard 1,317 cases and corrected a number of "wrongful" verdicts in 2014.

Last year, China also removed the death penalty for nine crimes as part of amendments to the country's Criminal Law. These include mostly economic crimes.

As China uses capital punishment more than any other country, analysts say this is a positive step.

"Ruling out the nine death penalties shows the progress of China's legal reform," says Ruan Qilin, a professor at the China University of Political Science and Law.

At this year's March session, Zhou told parliament that the justice system has become "more efficient and fairer" and that the correction of many wrongful convictions has improved the human rights situation in China.

“Outside interference”The media have welcomed the overturned murder convictions.

Liberal newspaper Southern Metropolis Daily says: "A retrial in Nie Shubin's case is another victory in correcting wrongful convictions", and calls for "belated justice" to happen sooner.

Popular news website The Paper says Nie's case sets a precedent: "History will judge whether the case can serve as a model for others, whether criminal prosecutions can withstand outside interference and whether citizens' legitimate rights can be upheld."

He Weifang, a law professor at Peking University, says overturning Nie's conviction is a "top priority" but it is "more important to improve our system" to prevent such cases recurring.

Recently, Human Rights Watch said the overturning of verdicts was a "step forward" but called for tougher action against those involved in torture and the ill-treatment of suspects.

More convictions are set to be reviewed as China continues with judicial reform.

Media say the judicial system needs to further improve in order to win people's confidence.

Upasana Bhat writes on Chinese media from the BBC’s Delhi Bureau

Chi

na D

aily

/wei

bo.c

om/x

hsnm

g

The mother of Huugjilt attends her son's grave after learning of his acquittal, 18 years after his death

MONITOR #09

23


Falling oil prices, corruption scandals and even an act of God are spearheading the demise of once vocal socialist governments across the region, writes Claudia Plazas

Whatever happened to the Left in Latin America?

JUAN

BAR

RET

O/A

FP/G

etty

Imag

es

Venezuela's former leader Hugo Chavez led the rise of leftist politics in South America, a trend that is being reversed

MONITOR #09

24


In the early 2000s the rise of the Left took Latin America by surprise as a wave of populist governments associated with Venezuela's Hugo Chavez came to power.

Yet in 2016, despite apparent improvements under left-wing governments, the region is shifting to the right following a series of scandals involving corruption, influence peddling and money laundering – and, in Ecuador, an earthquake.

Ecuador

Rafael Correa, president since January 2007, made infrastructural improvements his key achievement, despite harsh criticism of his actions in other areas such as freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

"The Revolution does not stop," Correa said in early April 2016. "It has consolidated us as the country with the best highway infrastructure in the region."

A few days later - on 16 April – a powerful earthquake challenged Correa’s ambition.

"The reconstruction of the areas affected is going to take years and will cost thousands of millions of dollars," Correa himself admitted later. "The short-term costs will be significant."

Venezuela

Venezuela faces record levels of inflation, food and medicine shortages, scheduled power cuts and a referendum to recall President Nicolas Maduro.

While high oil prices once paid for the country's generous social reforms, the recent slump left the country in crisis due to a lack of long-term investment in industry.

In addition to the drought caused by El Nino, which the government blames for the energy crisis, the country has a poor electricity infrastructure, which the opposition says is the result of irresponsible state spending.

The government is struggling to carry out its economic agenda to deal with shortages due to a shortage of foreign currency.

Maduro is at odds with the opposition-led National Assembly, which has organised a recall referendum and is planning other reforms to counter the socialist agenda.

RO

NAL

DO

SC

HEM

IDT/

AFP/

Get

ty Im

ages

Venezuela's severe shortages of food and medicine have caused queues, protests and clashes

Equador faces large costs following April's devastating earthquake

RO

DR

IGO

BU

END

IA/A

FP/G

etty

Imag

es

MONITOR #09

25


Claudia Plazas is a journalist from Colombia. She covers Latin America media from the BBC’s Miami bureau

BrazilIn Brazil, the legacy of former president Luis Ignacio Lula da Silva has been marked by the Car Wash (Lava Jato) corruption probe. This has involved him and his successor, the recently impeached President Dilma Rousseff, as well as many other politicians.

However, this is only one of the problems to have challenged Brazil's position as an emerging economy over the last decade. The country is struggling with inflation and high unemployment rates as well as political turmoil after Rousseff’s impeachment and severe criticism of the interim president, Michel Temer.

Temer has already made changes to the cabinet; however, in less than eight days, two of his new ministers resigned after recorded conversations revealed their efforts to obstruct the Car Wash probe.

With Rousseff impeached, both her and Lula's legacies are being reassessed. The political crisis has created major polarisation which led to violent demonstrations.

ArgentinaFormer President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner and her late husband, former President Nestor Kirchner, were known for their anti-UK and anti-American sentiment, which they used to fuel support for socialist policies.

The Kirchner and Fernandez administrations have come under heavy scrutiny recently following probes into the family business and their friend, businessman Lazaro Baez. These seek to determine whether Ms Fernandez was involved in money laundering and whether she was connected with the "K-money route", an illegal operation to launder and export cash.

Ms Fernandez has also been charged in a case involving dollar futures in which, during her government, the Argentine peso was sold at an artificially low price, allegedly costing the country 5bn US dollars.

Another investigation accuses Ms Fernandez and her son, Maximo Kirchner, of illicit enrichment and forgery.

In retaliation, Ms Fernandez has accused her successor, Mauricio Macri, of persecuting her for political reasons. She refused to attend court hearings in the dollar futures case. The investigation has cast a dark shadow over the Kirchner and Fernandez administrations.

BoliviaPresident Evo Morales, in power since 2006, lost a referendum in February 2016 which would have allowed him to stand for re-election in 2019. He had won two similar votes in the past, which enabled him to stand again. Morales is an outspoken socialist, campaigning equally against capitalism and corruption.

His defeat in the 2016 referendum was followed by allegations of influence peddling for Chinese company CAMC in government contracts, of which he was cleared by a parliamentary committee. His former partner Gabriela Zapata, however, an executive of the Chinese company, is in jail.

The opposition is pressing for the probe to continue.

LEO

LA

VALL

E/AF

P/G

etty

Imag

es

Argentina's Kirchner and Fernandez administrations have come under heavy scrutiny for their financial dealings

MONITOR #09

26


The region is shifting to the right following a series of scandals involving corruption, influence peddling and money laundering

NEL

SON

ALM

EID

A/AF

P/G

etty

Imag

es

Brazilians demonstrate against former presidents Dilma Rousseff and Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva

MONITOR #09

27


Until now, Lebanese-born Rula Ghani – a Christian widely respected in Afghanistan - has kept quiet about her politics.

But speaking at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) about challenges in reforming the justice sector, she shocked society by saying that former Mujahideen chiefs - anti-Soviet resistance warlords - need to be allowed to come home because of their age and irrelevance.

This is the first time Rula Ghani has expressed an opinion about politics in public. Interviewed by an Afghan TV channel in October 2014, soon after her husband took office, she said: “My role is very small as I do not get involved in politics."

So what’s changed? It may be that the first lady now feels at home as an Afghan, rather than standing out as a Christian woman nervous of taking on influential and conservative Islamist leaders.

Asked about the possible downsides of Ghani's emerging peace deal with former Mujahideen leader Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, she told the gathering: "My husband has not given away any kind of privileges or concessions on people's rights."

She went on to describe former Mujahideen leaders as not all that relevant.

"The Mujahideen and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, they are now old people. They are at the end of their lives, and they want to come to Afghanistan and end their lives where they were born. I think it would be only humane to say OK, you can come, but to lay down some conditions.

"The conversation is no longer with these people," she said. "These people are very vocal in the media because they find themselves marginalised and no longer among the decision makers."

Imag

e C

redi

t...

Afghanistan's first lady has caused a stir with a plea for tolerance towards former warlords, writes media analyst Majid Nusrat

Rula Ghani: end of political silence?

Mrs Ghani, known to speak about charitable work and women's rights, has shocked some with her recent remarks on the Mujahideen

Jem

al C

ount

ess/

Get

ty Im

ages

MONITOR #09

28


"Irresponsible comments"As soon as her comments were reported by Afghanistan's most-watched channel Tolo TV, they drew condemnation from her husband’s opponents. It appears Rula Ghani is being criticised as much for what she said, as for merely speaking her mind.

The opposition group Herasat described the comments as "irresponsible". Herasat is a recently-formed collection of former warlords and Mujahideen leaders under the leadership of Rasool Sayyaf, an influential Islamic cleric.

"As the wife of the president of an Islamic country, Rula Ghani's speeches and opinions are expected to be within the boundaries of Afghanistan's laws and values," Herasat responded.

"Creating space for co-existence, inclusiveness and freedom of expression is the work of the Mujahideen. They are, therefore, at the core of the changes and developments here. Any dreams that foreigners and their puppets may entertain of pushing them into the margins will not come true."

A pro-Hekmatyar newspaper called on President Ghani to stop his wife from meddling in political affairs.

"She has described all Mujahideen leaders, including Hekmatyar, as dying men who have the right to live in Afghanistan but not to engage in politics," said the chief editor of Weesa daily, Zubair Shafiqi. "The fact is that she is not familiar with our society's values and the historic and ethnic identities."

Feeling at homeRula Ghani's comments may be an indication that she is comfortable in her Afghan skin, and does not fear a backlash that her Christian faith and foreign origin might cause. And it is notable that the mainstream Afghan media have refrained from commenting, which some interpret as acceptance.

This contrasts with the media coverage of the 2014 election campaign, when some Afghan social media activists used Mrs Ghani's Christian faith and foreign origin - as well as their decades of absence from Afghanistan - to try to undermine Ghani's presidential bid.

Since her husband took office, she has cultivated a warm and courteous image in the media. Near-fluent in Dari/Farsi and wearing modest dress with a cream-coloured scarf, Mrs Ghani has maintained the appearance of an urbane Kabuli woman, talking mainly her about her charitable work and advocating women's rights.

With President Ghani being under fire against the backdrop of growing violence and economic hardship, it is unlikely we will be hearing many controversial statements from his wife. But the remarks certainly show that Mrs Ghani no longer feels an outsider.

Majid Nusrat is an Afghan media analyst based in BBCM’s UK headquarters

DIM

ITR

I KO

CH

KO/A

FP/G

etty

Imag

es

Exiled Afghan warlord Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (R) confers with then guerrilla leader Rasool Sayyaf during a meeting of the Mujahideen in 1987

"The conversation is no longer with these people. They are very vocal in the

media because they find themselves marginalised and no longer among the

decision makers."

Now an influential cleric and opposition leader in Afghanistan, Sayyaf decsribed Mrs Ghani's comments on exiled Mujahideen as "irresponsible"

WAK

IL K

OH

SAR

/AFP

/Get

ty Im

ages

MONITOR #09

29


What happens when a sensitive UK issue makes world media headlines? Staff writer Martin Morgan describes the editorial and legal challenges of reporting European press coverage of the UK referendum campaign

It is fair to say that Europe’s mainstream press maintained a consistently hostile or at least uncomprehending tone throughout its coverage of the Brexit campaign, in contrast to the broader array of media attitudes in Britain.

European papers are not constrained by British law, nor do they have to consider the response of either camp to their comments, and this can present considerable dilemmas to a BBC journalist.

Our task was not to make our coverage sound too stridently pro-EU.

The approach we chose was to highlight the considerable sympathy for the issues that persuaded people to vote Leave, from a sense that globalisation in the form of the European Union has depressed wages to fears that migration threatens national and cultural identity.

This did not mean downplaying the fact that most commentators saw the referendum itself as an act of irresponsible petulance.

The killing of Jo Cox MP posed a particular challenge. Naturally we had to bear in mind legal strictures on reporting and commenting on crimes, especially when the suspect has not been charged.

But the referendum added an extra complication, as European media comment was much freer in drawing links between the Leave campaign and the death of Jo Cox.

This ranged from accusing the campaign of creating a toxic nationalist atmosphere to suggesting that the suspect was directly motivated by Brexit.

We tackled this by reporting how prominently the Jo Cox story featured in press coverage of the referendum campaign, registering the sense of shock and regret while passing over speculation as to motive.

INSIDE MONITORING

The Brexit debate

Le Telegramme Brittany, Dutch De Telegraaf, Spanish ABC, French Liberation, Polish Gazeta Wyborcza, German Die Tageszeitung

MONITOR #09

30


Martin Morgan works on BBCM's news desk specialising in European media

A final and more pleasant dilemma was what to select from the wealth of material, from western to Eastern Europe, and Scandinavia to the Balkans.

We focused on a core of countries whose press would feature every day - France, Germany, and Italy. The reason is the size of their economies makes them in practice the key European Union decision-makers.

We also decided that two or more central European countries should feature daily, choosing from Poland, the Czech Republic, Austria, Hungary and Slovakia.

These represent the vanguard of "new" European Union member-states, and their concerns in migration and different forms of Euroscepticism varied the debate.

Beyond these, we featured the Balkans, Iberia, Scandinavia and the Low Countries in order to highlight issues on which they had a novel angle.

These included pro-referendum sentiment in the Netherlands, the British labour market in Romania, implications for non-eurozone countries like Sweden and Denmark, and speculation about any future bailouts in Spain and Greece.

Overall, we’d like to think that our media coverage has given readers an insight into the lively, often revealing, and sometimes startling European take on our momentous political decision.

Europe's mainstream press has been hostile or at least uncomprehending in its coverage of the Brexit campaign, in contrast to the broader array of media attitudes in Britain

MONITOR #09

31



TO DISCUSS HOW WE CAN HELP YOUR ORGANISATION CONTACT US ON:

BBC MONITORING CAVERSHAM PARK

READING RG4 8TZ

UNITED KINGDOM

BBC Monitoring observes, understands and explains media throughout the world, providing deep insight and enabling organisations to make better, more informed decisions. Our teams monitor and analyse developments in areas including geopolitics, terrorism and other security-related issues and our clients include governments, NGOs and major corporations worldwide.

Jef

f J M

itche

ll/G

etty

Imag

es

+44 118 948 6338 [email protected] MONITORING.BBC.CO.UK

BBC Monitor 09

Documents

Transcript of BBC Monitor 09