Basics of Digital Camera

Photography in Education

TECH2113Dr. Alaa SadikDepartment of Instructional & Learning Technologies

[email protected]

Part 2

Shooting

Week 6

Basics of Digital Camera


Key Concepts

Camera Controls The Sensor (Charge-Coupled Device) Pixels and Resolutions Lens and focus Shutter Aperture (F Stop)


Camera Controls

1. Microphone 2. AF-assist Beam 3. Red-Eye Reduction Lamp 4. Self-Timer Lamp 5. Viewfinder Window 6. Flash7. Terminal Cover


8. A/V OUT9. DIGITAL USB Terminal 10. DC IN Terminal 11. Ring12. Lens13. Ring Release Button


1. Indicators2. Power Lamp3. Power Button 4. Zoom Lever 5. Shutter Button6. Shooting Mode Dial7. Mode Switch 8. Print/Share Button 9. Function/Set Button10. Menu Button 11. Display Button


12. Exposure/Erase Image 13. Browsing14. Flash15. Macro/Manual Focus


1. LCD Monitor 2. Viewfinder 3. Speaker4. Wrist Strap Mount5. Memory Card Slot / Battery Cover 6. Memory Card Slot / Battery Cover 7. Tripod Socket


The Sensor A sensor is a device that receives a signal or stimulus (like heat, pressure, light or motion) and responds to it in a distinctive manner.


Charge-Coupled Device (CCD)

A silicon semiconductor by which digital cameras capture their images.


Charge-Coupled Device (CCD)


Charge-Coupled Device (The Digital Camera Sensor) Composed of a matrix of photo-sensitive points called photo-sites that capture photons (light) and converts them to electronic signal.

Use Google to find your own definition of CCD.


Types of Sensors

Foveon Sensor


Foveon Sensor

It uses a matrix of photo-sites, each of which consists of three vertically stacked photo detectors. Each of the three stacked photo detectors responds to different wavelengths of light (Red/Green/Blue)


Types of Sensors

Array Sensor


Types of Sensors

Array Sensor (Bayer’s Sensor) It uses an array for arranging RGB color filters on a square grid of photosensors. The filter pattern is 50% green, 25% red and 25% blue, hence is also called RGBG or GRGB.


Pixels and Resolutions

A pixel (short for picture element) is the smallest single component of an image.


Pixels and Resolutions Each pixel has typically three or four dimensions of variability such as Red, Green and Blue.

The more pixels used to represent an image, the closer the result can resemble the original of an image.


Pixels and Resolutions The number of pixels per inch (ppi) in an image is called the resolution. Image resolution describes the detail an image holds.



Pixel counts can be expressed as a: single number (e.g. 3 Megapixel digital camera). pair of numbers (e.g., 640 x 480 VGA display monitor), and therefore has a total number of 640 × 480 = 307,200 pixels or 0.3 Megapixels.



A megapixel is 1 million pixels, and is a term used not only for the number of pixels in an image, but also to express the number of image sensor elements of digital cameras.


Lens and Focus

Object Distance

The distance from the center of a lens to the object.


Lens and Focus

Focal Length

The distance from the center of a lens to a point where it focuses light (sensor) in mm.

Lens and Focus

The focal length determines a camera's field of view. The shorter the focal length, the wider the field of view.


Shutter and Shutter Speed

Shutter is a mechanism in the camera that controls the amount of light that reaches the sensor.



Shutter speed is the length of time the shutter is open.

A typical shutter speed for photographs taken in sunlight is 1/125th of a second.

The agreed standards for shutter speeds are 1/1000s- 1s.



Very short shutter speeds are used to freeze fast-moving subjects.



Very long shutter speeds are used to intentionally blur a moving subject for artistic effect.


Shutter: Watch this


Aperture (F-Stop)

Aperture is the size of the opening between the lens and the shutter that lets lights onto the sensor.


Aperture (F-Stop)

Aperture range usually extends from f2.5 to f22.


Aperture (F-Stop)

A small aperture is used when shooting in bright light and vice versa.

The smaller the aperture the slower the shutter speed, vice versa.


Aperture and Shutter Speed

The smaller the aperture the slower the shutter speed, vice versa.



Very deep depth ofview

F- 8.0



Very shallow depth ofview

F- 1.8

Discussions &Conclusions

Basics of Digital Camera

Art & Photos

Transcript of Basics of Digital Camera