Basic Plant Physiology
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Transcript of Basic Plant Physiology
![Page 1: Basic Plant Physiology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082209/563db79f550346aa9a8cc413/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Basic Plant Physiology
Ag. I
By: Jessica George
![Page 2: Basic Plant Physiology](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022082209/563db79f550346aa9a8cc413/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Basic Parts of a Flowering Plant
• Roots
• Stems
• Leaves
• Flower
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Functions of Roots 1. Anchor plant
2. Absorb water and minerals
3. Translocate water and minerals
to stem
4. Store food
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Types of Roots
A. Tap Root– Continuation of the primary root– Ideal for anchorage– Penetration is greater for water– Storage area for food made by photosynthesis
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Types of Roots
B. Fibrous Roots– Many finely branched secondary roots– Shallow roots cover a large area
• More effective absorption
of water and minerals
• Roots hold the soil to
prevent erosion
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Types of RootsC. Aerial roots
• Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems
• Roots that fasten the
plant to a support
– Absorptive air roots
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Types of Roots
D. Adventitious Roots– Develop in places other than nodes– Can form on cuttings
and rhizomes
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Root Hairs
• Tiny one celled hair like extensions of the epidermal cells located near the tips of the roots wherevascular tissues have formed.– Increase surface area– Absorb water and minerals from
soil
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Functions of Stems
1. Translocate water, minerals and food to the leaves
2. Support the leaves and display them to light
3. Store Food
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Specialized Stems
A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus)– underground– Solid, fleshy, scale covered
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Specialized Stems
B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions)– Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each other– Underground stem
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Specialized Stems
C. Tuber (potato, caladium)– Food storage area– Short, thick underground stem
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Specialized Stems
D. Crown (African Violets, fern)– Closely grouped stems or plantlets– Just above ground or just below
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Specialized Stems
E. Spurs (pear and apple trees)– Short sems found on woody plant limbs
adapted for increased production of fruits
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Specialized Stems
F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley)– Underground stems that produce roots on the
lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above the ground
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Specialized Stems
G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant)– Stem that grows horizontally above the soil
surface
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Functions of Leaves
1. Make food through photosynthesis
2. Provide site of gas exchange
3. Store food
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Parts of a Leaf
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Functions of Flowers
1. Contain organs for specialized sexual production
2. Produce seeds and fruit
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Parts of the Flower
• Sepals– Outer covering of the flower bud– Protects the stamens and pistills when flower is
in bud stage
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Parts of the Flower
• Petals– Brightly colored– Protects stamen and pistills– Attracts pollinating insects
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Parts of the Flower
• Stamens– Male Reproductive part– Anther-produces pollen– Filament-supports the anther
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Parts of the Flower
• Pistil– Female reproductive part– Ovary
• Enlarged portion at base of pistill
• Produces ovules which develop into seeds
– Stigma• Holds the pollen grains
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Parts of the Flower
• Style– Connects the stigma with ovary– Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated
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Complete and Incomplete Flowers
• Complete: have all four main parts– Sepals– Petals– Stamens– Pistils