Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

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Basic Physics

Transcript of Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Page 1: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Basic Physics

Page 2: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Scalarmagnitude

Vectormagnitude and direction

Page 3: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Kinematics

distancedisplacementvelocity

average instantaneous

accelerationaverageinstantaneous

Page 4: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Dynamics

Newton’s Three LawsLaw of InertiaF = maAction-Reaction

Momentum-Impulsep = mvF = time rate of change of momentum

Page 5: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Work and Energy

Workforcedisplacementparallel

Work-Energy TheoremKinetic EnergyConservative ForcesPotential EnergyNon-Conservative Forces

Page 6: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Rotational Motion

angular displacementangular velocityangular accelerationmoment of inertiarotational kinetic energytorque

Page 7: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Thermodynamics

TemperatureFirst Law of ThermodynamicsSecond Law of ThermodynamicsEfficiencyCarnot Engine

Page 8: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Electricity

Page 9: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Voltage

Electric Potential Differencepotential energy/chargemeasured in Volts (J/C)

VA – VB > 0

Equipotential Surface

B

A

+-

Page 10: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Capacitors

Way of storing energyC = Q/VFarad = Coulomb/Volt• typical units are F

Parallel Plate capacitor

Conducting Plates

Dielectric

Page 11: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Current

flow of electrical chargeI = q/t

DCcurrent flows in one direction

ACdirection of current flow alternates

Page 12: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Generators

Inductionchanging magnetic flux* can produce an emf

Transformersstep-upstep-down

Page 13: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Resistance

ability of an object to resist the flow of currentdepends

on material (resistivity () or conductivity ())on shape

• long – high resistance• wide – low resistance

on temperature

ConductorsInsulatorsSemi-Conductors

Page 14: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Ohm’s Law

V = IRPower = IV = I2R = V2/R

implications for energy delivery

Symbol for resistance

Page 15: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Combinations of Resistors

Series Parallel

1

21q ...

11

RRRe

...21q RRRe

Page 16: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Light Bulbs

IncandescentFluorescent

Page 17: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Nuclear Physics

E = mc2

Page 18: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Atoms

Nucleusprotonsneutrons

ElectronsAtomic Number (Z) = # of protonsAtomic Mass (A) = # of protons (Z) + neutrons (N) XA

Z

Page 19: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Radioactive Decay

– decay particle consists of two protons and neutrons (bare helium nucleus)atomic number goes down by 2atomic mass goes down by 4

α X' X 4-A2Z

AZ

α Pb Po 20682

21084

Page 20: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Radioactive Decay

– decay particle is an electronatomic number increases by 1atomic mass is unchanged

e-A

1ZAZ e X' X

e-90

399038 e Y Sr

Page 21: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Radioactive Decay

– decay particle is high energy photonatomic number is unchangedatomic mass is unchanged

Sr Sr* 8738

8738

X X* AZ

AZ

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Fission

Heavy nucleus splits into two smaller pieces

Fusion

Smaller nuclei combine to form larger nucleus

Page 23: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Fission of Uranium-235

Released Energy

Kinetic Energy of Fragments

83.5%

Instantaneous -rays 2.5%

Kinetic Energy of Neutrons

2.5%

-decay of products 3.5%

rays from products 3.0%

Neutrinos 5.0%

Page 24: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Fission of Uranium-235

CeLaBaCsXe

stableZrYSr

nXeSrnU

14058

14057

14056

14055

14054

9440

9439

9438

10

14054

9438

10

23592

)(

2

nKrBanU 10

8936

14456

10

23592 3

Page 25: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Fission of Uranium-235

Released Energy

Kinetic Energy of Fragments

83.5%

Instantaneous -rays 2.5%

Kinetic Energy of Neutrons

2.5%

-decay of products 3.5%

rays from products 3.0%

Neutrinos 5.0%

Page 26: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Fusion

smaller nuclei fuse to form larger nucleuspower source of the Sunhydrogen to heliumending mass < beginning mass

Page 27: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

Proton-Proton Chain

1H + 1H 2H + e+ + 2H + 1H 3He +

3He + 3He 4He + 2 (1H)4 protons converted to one

helium

Page 28: Basic Physics. Scalar magnitude Vector magnitude and direction.

CNO cycle1H + 12C 13N + 13N 13C + e+ + 1H + 13C 14N + 1H + 14N 15O + 15O 15N + e+ + 1H + 15N 12C + 4He


Scalar & Vector Quantities. SCALAR QUANTITIES Described by a single number and unit of measurement. Gives the magnitude (size) Examples Mass = 20 g Time.

Scalar & Vector Quantities. SCALAR QUANTITIES Described by a single number and unit of measurement. Gives the magnitude (size) Examples Mass = 20 g Time.

Chapter 3 Vectors & 2-Dimensional Motion1. 2 3.1 Vectors & Scalars Revisited Vector: magnitude & direction Displacement Velocity Acceleration Scalar:

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Scalar & Vector tutorial · 7/26/2018  · only magnitude, no direction . both magnitude and direction . force, velocity, momentum, acceleration, and so on . 1-dimensional measurement

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