Basic Operations of an ion

8/3/2019 Basic Operations of an ion

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Basic operations of organization and how

information is used in these operations.


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Basic operations of an OrganizationBasic operations of an OrganizationPlanning : It is the function of determining in advancewhat is to be done and who is to do it. This impliessetting goals in advance and developing a way ofachieving them efficiently and effectively.

Organizing : It is the management function ofassigning duties, grouping tasks, establishing authorityand allocating resources required to carry out a specificplan.


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Staffing : It has been described as the managerialfunction of filling and keeping filled the positions in the

organization structure.

Directing : It refers to the process of instructing,guiding, counseling, motivating and leading people in

the organization to achieve its objectives.

Controlling : It is the management function ofmonitoring organizational performance towards the

attainment of organizational goals.


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INFORMATION

Data is the daily recordings of transactions.An analysis of this data producing meaningfulresults is called information.

The information required may be classifiedinto 4 categories on the basis of type ofdecisions:-

Strategic Information: It is the information needed for

the long range planning and directing the course of thebusiness. A decision to expand the business, opening anew branch will be based on strategic information.


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Tactical Information: It is the type of information

needed to take short range decisions to run the businessefficiently. Information on payment of bills by customermay be used to determine appropriate credit limit to begiven to customers.

Operational Information: This type of information isneeded for day-to-day operations of a businessorganization. List of customers unpaid bills beyond duedate would be used to send reminders.

Statutory Information: Information and reports whichare required by law to be sent to government authoritiesare normally clearly specified and require straight forwardprocessing of data.


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USE OF INFORMATION IN OPERATIONS

Each of the functions of organization namelyplanning, organizing, coordination, directing and

controlling, may be at the strategic, tactical andoperational level.

P L A N N I N G

Strategic level planning requires considerableamount of external information like shiftingmarket, trend, changing technology, customer reaction as wellas well as internal information like sales forecasts, capacity

utilization pattern, financial resources and core


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competitive strength of organization.

Tactical planning such as vendor development,make-or-buy decisions would call for cost andavailability information pertaining to materials

and production capacities which are internal aswell as external to the organization.

Operational planning like staff scheduling requires

large amount of internal information,e.g.schedules, attendance, uptime of equipment.


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O R G A N I Z I N G

Strategic organizing requires external and internalData on budgets and future plans of action to decide onrestructuring as well as to forge strategic partnerships.

Tactical organizing needs changing wage-leveldata of the organization as well as that of competitors.

Operational organizing needs data relating to skills and

training requirements of the operational staff.


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S T A F F I N G

Strategic staffing calls for data defining the requirements withregard to people for the job to be accomplished.

Tactical staffing requires data relating to the individual who

applied for the job and selecting him if he suits the needs oforganization.

Operational staffing requires data relating to the day-to-day

work of the freshly appointed person to train and develop himto perform the job effectively and efficiently.


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D I R E C T I N G

Strategic directing functions such as introduction ofoffice automation requires detailed cost benefit analysisof new technologies.

Tactical directing e.g. innovative marketing strategyneeds detailed market and production data.

Operational directing function requires detailed datapertaining to the individual managers skills.


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C O N T RO L

Strategic control decisions like total quality management needsdetailed performance data and bench marking data fromoutside the organization.

Tactical control decisions like maintaining steady marketshare in the medium run would necessitatecontinuous monitoring of plant data.

Operational control may call for techniques of statisticalprocess control which involves the collection of substantialsampling information that must be collected and processedcontinuously during the entire production period.

Basic Operations of an ion

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