BASIC FIRE FIGHTING - Copy

8/7/2019 BASIC FIRE FIGHTING - Copy

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BASIC FIRE FIGHTING


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GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

At the end of the Seminar, the participants will beable to:- Explain how to minimize the risk of fire and

maintain a state of readiness to respond toemergency situations involving fire.

- Understand on how to fight and extinguish fire.


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SPECIFIC LEARNING OBJECTIVE

Familiarize Rules and RegulationsExplain the elements of fire and explosion,Understand the physical properties, fire hazard and

the spread of fire,Enumerate classes of fire and their extinguisingagents.Knowledge on how to response to emergency

situations involving fireKnowledge of location of fire-fighting appliancesand detection system.


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M ODULE 1TIM E FRAM E = 20 min.

After having completed this section, you will knowwhere to find the rules and regulations governing

safety equipment.

OBJECTIVE:


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Emergency planThe company employee and workers mustfamiliarize themselves with the muster list andemergency Instruction which are displayed insidethe company premises.

1. They specify details of the emergency alarmsignal and also the action to be taken whenthis alarm is sounded.

2. They show the duties assigned of everypersonnel including evacuation area fortheir own safety.


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THE FIRE TRIANGLE

In order for there to be a fire,there has to be an unbroken chainreactions between threecomponents.

The following componentsare:

1. Oxygen2. Heat3. Fuel


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M ODULE 111TIM E FRAM E = 30 M IN

LEARNING OBJECTIVE

At the end of the session , the trainee will be able to;

1. Knowledge to define ignition points, flash pointsand ( Fire point) explosive limits,

2. Flammable M aterials

3. Fire Hazards

4. Spreading of Fire


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IGNITION POINTS ( AUTO/SELF)

The temperature at which the product will give

sufficient vapour that can be ignited and willcontinue to support combustion after theapplication of an outside source of ignition.


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EXAM PLE OF IGNITION POINTS

GAS

Hydrogen

Methane

Acetylene

560

595

305

LIQUID

Diesel OilPetroleumGasolineM ethanol

220230250455

SOLID MATERIALS

WoodPaperCoal

200-400185-350250-350

PhysicalCondition

M aterials Temp. in Deg.C


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F LASH POINT

Flash point is the lowest temperature at whicha liquid gives off sufficient gas to form a

flammable gas mixture near the surface of theliquid.OR

The lowest temperature at which a burnablesubstance gives off sufficient flammable vapourwhich when mixed w/ oxygen in the properproportion will burn temporarily when a sparkor flame is applied.


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EXAM PLE OF FLASH POINT

LIQUIDEtherGasolinePetroleumWhite SpiritDieselLube oil

F LASH POINT IN deg C.Below 40Below 30+ 35 / + 55+ 40Above + 60Above + 100


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EXPLOSIVE LIMITS

A hydrocarbon gas mixture and air cannot be ignitedand burned unless its composition liesWithin a range of gas-in-air concentration known asthe flammable range

The lower limit of this range is called LEL ( LowerExplosive Limit). The LFL ( Lower Flammable Limit)is also used. This level means that hydro carbon

concentration has an insufficient amount of hydrocarbon gas to support and propagatecombustion. The mixture is to Lean .


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The upper limit of the range is known as the UEL (Upper explosive Limit) also known as UFL (Upper Flammable Limit). This level means that thehydro carbon concentration is insufficient amountof air to support and propagate combustion. Themixture is ( too RICH )

Between these two areas , the mixture isflammable and results in a fire or explosion whenignited.


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0 112 10

LEL UELFlammable area

Volume percentage of gas in air

%

CombustionIntensity


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EXPLOSIVE LIM ITS

When a fire occurs , heat is transported to allneighbouring areas, and sets fire tocombustible materials. The heat spreadupwards in seconds, sideways in minutes anddownwards in hour.

SECONDS

HOUR

MINUTES


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TRANSM ISSION OF HEAT

RADIATION = Transmission of heat in alldirections from a source-

even through space, such asthe transmission of heatfrom the sun


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CONDUCTION

Transmission of heat from onesubstance to another by directcontact from molecule to molecule.


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CONVECTION

Transmission of heat through contact withmolecules of hot gases. When molecules of

gases become heated, these molecules moveupward and transmits the heat to any othermolecule or surface it comes in contact with.


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M odule 1VTime frame = 30 min.

OBJECTIVE:

At the end of the session, the participantswill be able to;

1. Explain the extinguishing agentsnormally used,

2. Explain the internationally used fireclasses

3. Understand the suitability of the various

extinguishing agents for the fire classes.


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CLASSES OF FIRE1. CLASS A Fire that involves ordinary solid

materials

rags wood paper


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Class A fire characteristics

1.Deep- seated

2.Penetrates throughout

3.Normally of organic in nature

4.Leaves ashes or residue


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CLASS B F ire= Fire that occurs with vapours or burns over thesurface of a flammable liquid or liquefiable solids.

Paints Fuel Oil Cooking oil


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Class C fire= Fires involving Liquefied Gases

LPG LNG


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CLASS D F IRE

= Fire involving combustible metals


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CLASS E F IRE= Class E fire is an electrical fireThe essential action in the event of electrical fire is to cut off electrical supply. To avoid the spread of fire it will befrequently necessary to fight an electrical fire before theelectric supply has been cut off.

Electrical fire


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Extinguishing agents

WATER

Water is normally the mostsuitable extinguisher to fightClass A fire.Water extinguished the fireby cooling it below theignition point. It removes theheat side of the fire triangle.It also easily available in alarge quantities


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CO2CO2 Extinguishes the fire mainlyby cutting off oxygen supply.CO2 does not conduct electricity

and is the most suitable mediumfor extinguishing electrical firesand operates on the principle of smothering the fire by displacingthe oxygen.Available through a fixedinstallation system or inportable extinguisher.


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FOAM EXTINGUISHER

Foam extinguishes the firemainly by cutting off theoxygen supply.

Foam is available throughhoses and nozzles , portableextinguishes and fixed foam

guns.


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DRY POWDER

Powder breaks thechain reactions in thefire triangle.Dry powder is useful indealing with liquid spillfires, but there is nocooling effect.

Powder is suitable forelectrical fire as well.


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HALON 1301 IS PROHIBITED (January1994)

AND NOT ENVIRONMENTALF RIENDLY

Good agent inconfined andenclosed space

Halon 1301


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M ODULE 5TIM E FRAM E = 30 M IN.

OBJECTIVES:At the end of this session the participants will be ableto:1. Understand the fire fighting organization.2. Knowledge on how to response if detecting a fire,3. Explain on how to respond once hear an alarm,


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PKIM T Fire Fighting Organization

COM PANY PRESIDENT

FIREFIGHTINGSQUAD

FIRST AID

Each member has a special duty during emergencies.On the emergency plan you will find information about

your office organization during fire.


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COM PANY PRESIDENT=

FIRE FIGHTING TEAM = in charge for combatting a

fire

Overall in charge on scene andon direct communication to the

authorities

FIRST AID TEAM = In charge for medical kit and

on casualties


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THE NEED FOR CONSTANTVIGILANCE

Constant vigilance or watchfulness isimportant, all personnel should be awareof the risk of fire , proper behaviour andindividuals responsibility.

Even though the office are constructed as

safe as possible there is still the risk thataccidents may occur. This is because thecompany are using electronic equipment ,air conditioning unit , etc that may begin

to create a fire.


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BEHAVIOUR / ATTITUDEIt is essential that all personnel and staff have the

right attitude towards the prevention of fire. Thecompany should therefor ensure that safetyawareness is an important factor in their qualitymanagement.

All staff and personnel should be;a. Be aware and report of some irregularitiesb. Follow instructions, orders and company

regulations

c. Have a good understanding of contingencyplan

d. Keep the work place clear and tidy.


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F or individuals responsibility

It is therefore of vital importance that you know yourduties when accident occur and that you show safetyconsciousness.


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Safety is among other factors

1. Well planned work operations,2. Trained co-workers3. Training and drill

4. Good working environment5. Good working methods and procedures6. Correct use of tools


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What shall you do if you detect a fire

- FIND

- INVESTIGATE

- EXTINGUISH

- REPORT


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M odule VITime Frame = 20 min

OBJECTIVE:

At the end of the session the participants will be ableto:

1. Knowledge on how to identify emergency exit

2. Understand Fire and Smoke detection device.


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Emergency Exit Sign

It is important that all personnel become familiar

with the escape ways and exit emergencies

Emergency exit should be properly marked in such away that everybody regardless of race and

nationality understand the marking and symbols.


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F IRE ,HEAT AND SMOKE DETECTIONThe detection system will detect when there is

development of heat, smoke or flames and alarm the officeperimeter.

F IRE ALARM SMOKE DETECTOR HEAT DETECTOR


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