Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD I Lesson Plans

DAE Mechanical Technology 1st Year

2011-2012

Basic Engineering Drawing & CAD-I

(MT-163)

1. Lesson Plans

2. Operation Sheets

NAVTTC / TEVTA/ JICA

December 2011

This TLM has been developed in the "Project for Development of Center of Excellence of Technical Education", on

Mechanical Technology at Government College of Technology Railway Road (GCT RR), by a collaboration work among

National Vocational & Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC), Punjab Technical Education and Vocational Training

Authority (TEVTA) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).

Basic Engineering Drawing &

CAD-I

MT-163

LESSON PLANS

Table of Contents

Application of Technical Drawing 1

Application of Technical Drawing 6

Drafting equipments, construction, use and care 8

Types of Lines 10

Lettering 12

Drafting Geometry 14

Drafting Geometry 16

Sketching and Shape Description 18

Engineering Curves 20

Introduction to Multi view drawing 22

Introduction to Multi-view Projection 24



Introduction to Pictorial Drawing 30

Introduction to Pictorial Drawing 32

Introduction to Pictorial drawing 34

Introduction to Pictorial drawing 36

Basic Dimensioning 38

Basic Dimensioning 40

Introduction to the Development 42

Introduction to the Development 44

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 01(A) Application of Technical Drawing Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Know the graphic/Universal Language and its types. 2. Describe the communication levels. 3. Describe the role of Inventor, Engineer

Designer, Technician, and Craftsman.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors

1. 2. 3. 4.

Describe the Engineering Team Describe the Engineering Design Terms Describe the Communication Methods Describe uses of Drawing in the manufacturing of construction field

SSC, General Information About Sketching & Drawing

Time allocated

TOPICS, NOTES (Brief) with teacher students activities

Key points/Reminders/Sketch Teaching Aids/Evaluation

INTRODUCTION Graphic/universal language

1.1 Impotence of Technical Drawing Imagination: What do you think You will need for a better life style in this century.

What kind of house will you need?

What kind of car will you drive?

What magic will your computer? If you stretch your imagination you can start thinking about how things will be designed in the future.

All designs need creative imagination.

Communication: 9/2

Drawing is a method to describe with lines without words.

Someone has said “a picture is worth 10,000 words”

The carvings on the ancient temples of Egypt serve to tell a story – a story without words.

It is the graphic language.

Mother of Engineering.

Language of Industry/universal language.

Gift of creative imagination is more important than all technology. Technology is the result of creative researchers, Engineers and Designers thinking about what will be needed tomorrow and beyond.

Idea – How you can tell to others.

Talk, write or draw a picture.

2

Time allocated



Vee Block (example) Figure Innovation: Example of wheel Wheels make it possible for animals to move greater loads.

Communication levels. Ref. (19---23/2) Level one :- (Creative communication.) Level two:- (Technical communication Level three:- (Market communication) Design for a client/customer. Level four:- (Construction communication)

Includes all the detail needed for manufacturing or construction.

1.2 Language of Engineering Terminology

In industry design ideas communicated through special kind of technical drawing process called drafting. To show his description and size, specification, it is easy to describe through drawing than written description. Imagination & communication lead to innovation.

One new Product leads to the development of others.

Such products are called spin-offs.

Gear, cam, rotating shafts Propellers and turbine engines have the modification of wheel.

Begins idea in the mind of Engineer or designer. Birth of idea, sketch the 1st concept.

Designer and Engineer gives a sketch to other members of design team.

Change the original design to make it more practical.

Design refined or improved through the ideas of several peoples.

Especially useful in Architecture (Perspective) Clients evaluate design for style form & function. These drawing must be complete so that the estimators can figure the exact cost of a Project.

Factory Superintendent can know exactly how a product is to be made.

People who use the drawings should not have to guess about details or ask questions. Inventor is a creator who gives the idea. Engr. sees its technical physibility and specification.

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Role of Engineering Team Ref.(16,17/2)

Inventor

Engineer

Designer

Technician

Craftsman

Designer design it properly, how its work etc. Technician manufactures it in different levels. Craftsman is a most important person which gives the shape initially how it looks etc.

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Engineering Design Terms 2/1 Must be familiar with these terms

Drafting (common)

Drafting Technology.

Technical Drawing

Technical Sketching

Mechanical Drawing

Engineering Drawing

Engineering Graphic

Descriptive Geometry

CAD and Drafting CAD.

CAD Basic Drafting Role of Engineer, Designer & Drafter is a form of hub of Engineering Process. Everything revolves around the Engineer and his team. Communication method Many problems arise due to lack of understanding of what people say & what people think.

Drawing is universal graphic language used by Engineering design team all over the world. Refer to all the following types of communication. Tools & technologies used by designers, drafters and engineers to develop the items for new products into useable technical drawing.

Broad terms which expresses technical ideas including sketches, Mechanical drawing Charts and illustrations.

Free hand technical drawing Communicate the shape of idea to others.

A technical drawing made with drafting instruments. A mechanical drawing used by the Engineering team to describe the production of a part, its shape, size and its material. Graphic illustration/drawing that represents physical objects used in Engineering and science. A method for solving special and graphical problems using precise geometric descriptions. Interactive design tool used to produce design ideas and technical drawing using computer Hard ware and Soft ware. Most commonly used to mean “Computer Aided Drafting /Design.” A beginning course in the basic language of graphics which acquaints the students with basic processes, activities and skill for advanced work. Most important form Verbal communication, base (sound and words)

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1.3 Uses of Technical Drawing In manufacturing field

Construction field

Graphic communication base (lines and symbols) Example of questioning, talking

Poor communication

It’s a basic need

Basic skill of all peoples. Many people besides these involved with manufacturing and building need to know and use the graphic language. They include service and maintenance workers, Sales people, consumers etc. should know the graphic language. Explain from idea to drawing sketch etc. Every type of drawing used in construction

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Show the picture/drawing & ask about that. Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Collect the leaflet, Brushers, Drawing Pictures & name the use and field. Tools Material & Aids:- Transparencies, Models, Charts, Multimedia Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan page 15 to 46 Mechanical Drawing by French, svencen page59 to 84

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 01(B) Application of Technical Drawing Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Type of Drawing 2. Common drawing forms 3. Application of Technical drawing.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Describe free hand & Instrumental drawing. 2. Explain Multi view, Pictorial and Schematic

drawing. 3. Differentiate and illustrate different forms. 4. Recognize the different application of Technical

Drawing.

SSC, Concept of drawing,Drawing Forms, communication methods. Uses of technical drawing

Time allocated

TOPICS,NOTES (Brief) With teacher student activities


Method of expression I. Free hand

II. Instrumental

1.4 Forms of Instrumental Drawing a) Orthographic drawing b) Pictorial drawing c) System /Schematic drawing

Circuit diagram

Maps

Block diagram

Pictorial diagram a) Orthographic drawing b) Pictorial drawing

c) System drawing (Not drawn to scale) Used to show flow of activity, energy or

(Type of drawing) Without instruments. With instruments Show charts Working drawing 1. Detail drawing 2. Assembly drawing

2.1 Sub-Assembly drawing

Axonometric

Oblique

Perspective

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work. Common drawing forms. Electrical drawing may be classified into the following i. Schematic diagram

ii. Wiring diagram iii. Block diagram iv. Pictorial diagram v. Drawing symbols 1.4 Application of Technical Drawing

i. Engineering drafting ii. Tooling

iii. Industrial design iv. Technical Illustration v. Electrical /Electronic drafting

vi. Architectural drafting vii. Civil drafting

viii. Topographical drafting

Describe different fields where drawing is used.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Ask questions from students? ___________________________________________________________ Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Collect the pictures of different drawing forms and identify these pictures. ____________________________________________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Transparencies, chart. OHP, Multimedia, white board and markers etc. Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan page 15 to 46 Mechanical Drawing by French, svencen page59 to 84

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 02__ Drafting equipments, construction, use and care Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Care for drafting equipments properly. 2. Identify different drafting equipments by their name. 3. Select the proper drafting equipments for drawing. 4. Develop the ability to use the drafting equipments.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Explain the introduction and importance of good

quality Instruments 2. Describe the construction, use and care of all

equipments. 3. Know the proper use of instrument Box and its

accessories. 4. Explain use of pencil, their grading, sharpening

techniques and scales

SSC, previous topic, Drawing uses and application of technical drawing

Time allocated



5 Motivation List of Drawing Instruments 1. -Drawing Board/Table/Machine 2. -Technical Square(30,60,90)(45,45,90) 3. -Set Square(Triangle) 4. -Instrument Box

I. Compass, Bow, Beam compass II. Divider, Small Bow Divider

III. Lengthening attachment IV. Attachments(Needle, Lead) V. Ruling Pen

VI. Box for needles and Leads VII. Screw driver

Showing Actual Instruments

Briefing about previous Topic

Asking the questions 1. How to make a sketch? 2. How you can handle the drawing

equipments. Size , use, quality of manufacturing Fixed/Flexible, wooden, celluloid etc. Both type of scales large, medium. To draw circles, curves, To divide line, transfer distance, measure the line to draw the large circle diameter Detachable For inking Alternate needles and lead Locking the screws of instruments.

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Time allocated



01

01

01

04

04

04

01

01

02

01

01

01

01

5- Eraser/Cleaner/Rubber/Machine 6- Sharpener (Small, Large) 7- Protractor (Round, Semi Circle) 8- Pencils(H-9H, B-6B,HB,F) 9- Scale Metric, decimal, Architecture Shapes(Triangular, R.T, Flat, Opposite bevel,4B) 10- Drawing paper Quality of Paper 11- Drafting tape (Paper, Scotch) 12- Dusting Brush. 13- Drafting Media (Reproduction) 14-Lettering device 15-Adjustable Curves 16-Templates. (variety) 17- French curves or irregulars revisions.

Soft rubber Sharpening machine. For making angles Wooden case, Metal or Plastic case. Civil Engg. Scale, Mechanical Engg.Scale. Size, Metric, Inches, Role, Sheets. Drawing Paper, Tracing Cloth ,Paper(vellum) Film (Polyester Plastics)

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) How should drafting equipments to be stored. Asking the name & use of different equipments? Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Sketch the drawing instruments with parts name. Paste the photo of drawing equipments. Tools Material & Aids:- Real Drawing equipments, Transparencies, Charts, Multimedia. Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan -43 Mechanical Drawing by French, Sevensen Page 59-84

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 03_ Types of Lines Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Importance of Lines, and Basic lines. 2. Common types of lines. 3. Uses and correct line weight age.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Identify the point line & Basic lines 2. State the line characteristics 3. Describe uses of each line with correct

weight and pencil grade. 4. Describe the objectives in drafting.

SSC, Previous topics, Drawing classification, sketching and ideas.

Time allocated



5

25

Motivation & Introduction Point. Lines (Graphic representation)

3.1 Types of Basic/Straight lines. 3.2 Importance of Lines

3.3 Types of lines. 1. Border line 2. Construction line 3. Object line. 4. Hidden line 5. Dimension &Extension line 6. Centre line 7. Cutting plane line 8. Section lines. 9. Break line

a. Short Break line b. Long Break line.

Communication methods.

Examples of drawing & sketching.

Lines convey the idea & thought.

International Conveying method. Straight & curved lines.

- Horizontal, vertical, inclined - Parallel & converging lines.

Show the transparencies & Drawings on Multimedia.

3.4 Proper weight age.

3.5 Grading of pencil

3.6 Application of lines.

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Time allocated



10

10

10- Ditto line 11-Leader 12-Arrow Head Application

3.7 Objective in Drafting

Accuracy

Speed

Legibility

Neatness

Used to show alternative position of the part

To lead the part identification

Showing a complete drawing With application of lines. proper weight and grade of pencil

Make it habit. Slow drafters are not accepted Very much necessary. Good quality required.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Ask questions about types of lines, their proper use in Engineering Drawing. Objective in drafting also. Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Give them an assignment to identify the drawing lines from the given drawing. ________________________________________________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Charts, Drawing, Multimedia, Projector Few drawing in which application of drawing shows. Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

1. Engineering drawing by Colin Simmons, Dennis Maguire Page (36-38) 2. Technical drawing by Frederick E-Giesecke, Alva, Henry, Ivan Page (21,22,23)

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 04 Lettering __ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Importance of good lettering 2. Requirements and General Proportions of Lettering 3. Classification and Styles of Letting

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Describe and identify the composition of letter Previous topics, Lines and Drawing 2. Describe the guide lines, strokes and types of lettering. concept and lettering importance 3. State the lettering styles and holding the pencil techniques. 4. Describe and use of different lettering devices. 5. Describe the principles of a good lettering.

Time allocated



05

05

10

05

10

05

20

Lettering Introduction + Motivations. -Instrumental lettering – Takes time, be avoid. - Free hand lettering – careful and continuous practice.

4.1 Importance of good lettering Principles of good Lettering 4.2 General Proportions of Lettering

4.3 Composition of letters and numerals.

4.4 Guide lines.

4.5 Classification of Lettering styles. 4.5.1 Stroke i) Single stroke ii) Double stroke

i) Pen friendship. ii) Drawing without text.(Lettering & dimensions) iii) Fully description with lettering. Looks beautiful, Legible.

Shapes, Size, Slope, Spacing

Style, weight. In normal or compressed, Extended(Light face, Bold face) vary thickness of stems or stroke i) Best spacing between letters and words ii) Size and stroke of a letter. Light /thin lines to maintain the height of letter. Gothic lettering – Commercial Gothic. Roman lettering- old + Modern Roman. Italic lettering Text letters – free hand lettering.

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Time allocated



05

05

05

05

05

Further Divided into

Light Face Lettering

Bold Face Lettering

Upper Case Lettering

Lower Case Lettering

Elements of Letters

4.6 Style of Letter

i) Pencils for Lettering and holding techniques ii) General Rules for Lettering

Shape

Size

Slope

Spacing

Style

Weight

4.7 Lettering devices such as guide and

lettering instruments

Composed two Simple elements i) Stem (Straight line, H,V, Inclined made with single downward) ii) Oval (made with one or two stroke of pencil)

Perfect Ellipse with a well determined ratio between its major & miner axis

i) Vertical 90o ii) Inclined 67o ½

Six fundamental rules Same shape, one composition.

All Letters should have same size.

All Letters should have same slope.

b/w letters should compact and uniform b/w words

Upper and lower case should not mix

Weight of stroke should be same through the composition.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Asking the question, Give the test Quiz attach here with. Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Select & collect different letters & identify the names of lettering. Tools Material & Aids:- Lettering templates, Leroy set charts of lettering styles. Multimedia which screen/ board, transparencies. Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

1. Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy 84-99 2. Mechanical Drawing by French 27-33 3. Technical drawing by Frederick

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 05(A) Drafting Geometry ______ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Introduction to Geometry, Plane and solid Types 2. Define the terms and different conventional shapes, surfaces. 3. Basic Geometrical Construction


1. Define the concept of common terms used in Geometric Construction.

2. Explain different geometrical shapes, surfaces of objects.

3. Bisecting a line ,angles 4. Describe different Geometrical

Construction

SSC, Previous topic, Lines Instruments and geometrical shapes.

Time allocated



-Motivation

5.1 Introduction to Geometry Used in ancient times for measuring land and making right angle corners for buildings and others kind of constructions. Geometry =Study of the sized and shape of things

Plane shape

Solid shape.

Geometric figures used in drafting.

Geometric construction Used by Drafters, Surveyors, Engineers, Architectures, Scientists, Mathematicians and Designers.

Common terms used in Geometric Construction

5.2 Different Geometrical shapes, Surfaces of object (Use transparency.)

Asking the Question about Star, figures. Square etc Always been important to people. . Example of Egyptian rope stretchers

The relationship of straight and curved lines in drawing shapes is also a part of geometry. Circle, Square, Triangle, Hexagon etc. Drawing made of individual lines and points drawn in proper relationship to one another are known as geometric construction. Point, line, parallel, perpendicular, converging, curve, plane figure. solids, Right, oblique (inclined) Two dimensional and three dimensional. Triangle, Quadrilateral, Polygons, Circle show figures.

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Time allocated



5.3 Bisecting a Line and Angle. 5.4 Basic Geometrical constructions. i) Angle ii) Triangle iii) Quadrilateral iv) Polygons v) Circle Discuss parts of a circle ( Show chart ) Centre, Radius, Diameter, Chord, Arc Semi circle, Quadrant, Circumference, Sector, Segment.

Opening space between two lines which ends meet

End point of three lines if join together.

End points of 4 lines.

End points of 5 or more than 5 meet.

A curved line which has equal distance from a fixed point called circle.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Asking the questions about Geometry & its shapes. Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Make a free hand sketch of each Geometric figures and also paste the geometrical solids._______________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Plane figures, Models of solids, Multimedia OHP White Board, Marker 4 color.___________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy, Schewendauu page 57 - 82 2. Mechanical Drawing by French Svensen page 101 - 119 3. Technical drawing by Frederick, Alva, Henry, Ivan page 89 – 100

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 05(B) Drafting Geometry Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Define the different Geometrical Shapes 2. Describe Angle and its types. 3. Describe Triangle, Quadrilateral, Polygons & circle elements.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Identify the different geometrical figures 2. Explain Angle, Triangle, Quadrilateral 3. Explain Polygons & their Types 4. Explain circle element & describe the

procedure of drawing of Fig.

SSC, Previous topic, Lines Instruments and geometrical shape

Time allocated



Geometric Construction

Angle: Types of Angles:

Triangle: Types of Triangles:

Quadrilateral: Types of Quadrilateral:

Show charts

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Time allocated



Polygons: Kinds of Polygons:

Circle Elements (Terminology):

1. Pentagon 2. Hexagon 3. Heptagon 4. Octagon show charts 5. Nonagon 6. Decagon

Center

Circumference

Radius

Diameter

Sector

Quadrant

Segment

Arc

Cord

Semi circle

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Asking the Question? Give them a test(Attached) Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Draw the rough sketch of different Geometric figures. Tools Material & Aids:- Plane figures, Models of solids, Multimedia OHP White Board, Marker 4 color._____________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

1. Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy 2. Mechanical Drawing by French 3. Technical drawing by Frederick

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 06 Sketching and Shape Description _ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Explain the importance of Free hand sketching

and layout of a free hand sketch in correct manner. 2. Introduction to Sketching Techniques. 3. Sketching techniques of straight lines in different directions. 4. Sketching Circles, Arcs, Ellipse, Pictorial & Multi views.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Describe sketching material and techniques. 2. Describe circular arc using circular line method

and Square method 3. Describe an Ellipse using rectangular method 4. Describe Sketching Pictorial views and

Proportions in view sketching

Drawing concept, Instruments and idea of free hand sketching.

Time

allocated TOPICS,NOTES (Brief)

With teacher student activities Key points/Reminders/Sketch Teaching

Aids/Evaluation

Motivation + Introduction

6.1 Introduction Designers, Drafters. Technicians,

Engineers & Architects often explain.

Complicated or unclear thoughts with a free hand sketch.

Ideas imagined in the mind can be caught in sketch and thus hold in simple lines for further study.

Importance/Reasons for sketching Most important points for sketching 26/2

Ask Questions. 1- Simplest form of drawing. 2- Quickest ways to express ideas. Language of sketching has four basic visual symbols (things that can be seen)

These are a point, a line, a plane and a texture(surface quality)

1. To persuade people that an idea is a good. 2. To develop a refined sketch of a proposed

solution to a problem. 3. To clarify a complicated detail. 4. To give design ideas to drafters. 5. To develop a series of ideas for refining a

new Product. 6. To develop and analyze the best method. 7. Need to repair a part that breaks over. 8. To show many ways to solve the problem. 9. 9. To spend less time in drawing quicker to

make a sketch

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Time allocated



Sketching materials. Pencil Points Page 130/3 Use HB, F, Pencil 1. Sharp and Black 2. Medium and Black 3. Slightly dull and Black. 4. Very dull and light.

Types of Sketches 33,34/2

Rough Sketch

Refined Sketch

Temporary Sketch

Permanent Sketch

6.2 Sketching techniques of H.V. and inclined lines.

6.3 circle and Arcs ( 42/2, 110/1, 131/3)

6.4 Ellipse (111/1, 133/3)

6.5 Pictorial views. 6.6 Proportions in Sketching of views.

Pencil, paper, eraser ( For ready use)

Sharpen it to a conical point use for centre, dimension & Extension line.

Round of the point slightly to produce the desired thickness of line for visible, hidden and C.P line.

Use of thin lead mechanical pencil with suitable diameter and grade of lead minimizes the need for sharpening and point dressing.

Make all line dark.

Very light with light pressure

Circular line method Enlargement and reduction. (113/1) (43/2, 112/1)

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Ask questions about sketching reason material & techniques. ___________________________________________________________ Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Give assignment of a sketching of pictorial & multi view circular object_ Tools Material & Aids:- Charts, Multimedia, White board and markers, Sketching Material ___________________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy page 109 -113 2. Mechanical Drawing by French page 26,33,34,42,43 3. Technical drawing by Frederick page 130 -133

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 07 Engineering Curves___ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Introduction to the Curves 2. Application of Engineering Curves 3. Conic Sections, Spiral, Involutes & cycloid 4. Know how G fig. produced by section of a cone

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Describe the different Engineering Curves

and their application. 2. Define Cone and Conic Sections. 3. Define Archimedean, Spiral and involutes. 4. Describe the Cycloidial curves.

SSC, Previous Topic, Lines, Curves, Geometric shapes

Time allocated



Motivation

7.1 Introduction of a curve.

7.2 Different Engineering Curves & their application.

7.3 Cone and Conic Sections. 1. Circle 2. Ellipse 3. Parabola 4. Hyperbola

Motion of Train, Car, (Peing )etc Uses: In constructions of Arches, Reflectors of light and sound, space antenna & other engineering works. Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola, Spiral & involutes, Helix, Cycloidial curves. How can obtained these curves 1- Cut the cone parallel to the base. 2- Cut the cone with greater angle to the

axis. 3- Cut the cone parallel to its element. 4- Cut the cone parallel to its axis.

Spiral: - It is a locus of a point which moves continuously along a line rotates about its one end.

Involutes: - The unwind curve generated by a point which rolls on a circumference of a circle on the straight line is called Involutes.

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Time allocated



7.4 Archimedean Spiral 117/3

7.4.1 Involutes of a Square, Triangle, Hexagon, Circle. 118/3

7.5 Cycloidial Curves. 119/3, 120/3

Cycloid

Epicycloids

Hypocycloid. Helix: - The curve traced out by a point, which moves around and along the circumference of a cylinder with uniform velocity.

Use Toys, Clocks, Cams

Cycloid, the curve traced out by a point on the circumference of a circle which rolls along a straight line.

Epicycloids, the curve traced out by a point on the circumference of a circle which rolls along another circle outside it.

Hypocycloid, when a circle rolls along another circle inside it, the curve is called hypocycloid.

Around the cylinder (R.H and L.H)

Around the cone (R.H and L.H)

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Ask the questions. Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Drawing of Engineering Curves. Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia, charts, White board and markers, Toys , spring Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Technical Drawing by Frederick page 109 -120, 3A page 64 -69

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 08(A) Introduction to Multi view drawing __ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Introduction to the plane and its types. 2. Dihedral and Trihedral angles. 3. Theory of Projections.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Describe the plane & its type. 2. Define Dihedral and Trihedral angles. 3. Explain theory of Projection, Projection of

points lines 4. Explain projection of plane and solids.

SSC, Drawing Concept Its Importance and views concepts.

Time allocated



05 10 15

Motivation & Introduction.

8.1 Introduction of Plane Types of Plane

8.2 Dihedral angle

Trihedral angle

A surface which has length and width only.

Horizontal: Parallel to the ground.

Vertical: Perpendicular to the H.P.

Profile: Perpendicular to H.P. & V.P.

Auxiliary/Inclined: Which is at any angle of except 90 & 180

Two planes intersect each other at right angle (H.P. & V.P.)

Three planes intersect each other at right angle (H.P. & V.P.)

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Time allocated



10

10

8.3 Projection: Projection of a point 167/3 Projection of a line 167/3 Projection of a plane. Projection of Solids Cube, Prism, Cylinder, Cone, Pyramid, Simple objects etc

Any kind of representation of an object on a paper, screen or similar surface by drawing or by photography is called the projection of that object.

If different straight lines are drawn from the various points on the contour of an object to meet a plane the figure, thus, formed by joining these points in correct sequence is called the projection of that object.

Simple block in a Quadrant show figure

Example of film movie

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Question on line & plane figure to determine the projections on Principal planes. Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Tools Material & Aids:- Charts, Model of Glass, Multimedia, OHP, Transparencies’ white board And markers, wooden models Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy Page (155-162) _____ Mechanical Drawing by French Page (130-146) _____ Technical Drawing By Frederick page 155 _____ Machine Drawing by R. K Dhawan page 2.1 – 2.16 _____

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 8(B) Introduction to Multi-view Projection____ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Multi view drawing concept. 2. Know & develop ability to understand the Basic Principle of orthographic Projection. 3. Identify and select the various views of an object. 4. Determine the number of various methods to describe the shape and size of an object.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Define the concept of Multi view Drawing 2. Know the plane of Projections 3. Understand the relationship of views. 4. Describe the orthographic method of

projections.

SSC, Drawing Concept its Importance and views concepts.

Time allocated



8.4 Concept of Multi view Projection. 155/1, 130/2 The Prefix “multi” means that a member of views is required to completely describe the object.

8.5 Planes of Projection 133/2

8.6 Orthographic methods of Projections. Method of representing the exact form of an object in two or more views on planes usually at right angles to each other by lines drawn perpendicular from the object to the planes.

An engineer who designs machines or products must describe them completely and clearly so that other people can make them. Engineer/Architect makes a mental image of object and then sketches its shape & size. A Plane is an imaginary flat surface that has no thickness. Orthographic projection involves the use of three planes Vertical plane, H.P, P.P. V.P. and H.P. divided space into 4 quadrants. “Ortho” mean straight or at right angle. “Graphic” mean written or drawn. It is Latin words. Pro-meaning “forward” and ejection meaning “to throw”. Orthographic Projection literally mean thrown forward drawn at right angle.

25

Time allocated



10

10

Relationship of views. 132/2 When the normal views are placed in proper relationship to one another the result is a Multi view drawing.

Principal views. Six principal views.

Views Selection. Must select the number of views needed to describe the object completely

Views must be placed in proper relationship to one another. Only in this way we can read technical drawing properly. How these normal views have been revolved (turned) into the proper planes.

Glass method. Front, top, bottom, right side, left side, And back or rear views. Sometimes they are called normal views.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) _Questions ______________________________ Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Practice of making views from the given objects._______________ Tools Material & Aids:- Glass box, Charts, Models, Multimedia, white board, markers Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy Page (155-162) Mechanical Drawing by French Page (130-146) Technical Drawing by Frederick page 155

26

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 8(C) Introduction to Multi-view Projection__ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Identify and select the various views of an object. 2. Compare the 1st and 3rd angle projection system. 3. Describe the arrangements of principal views.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Describe the difference between 1st. and

3rd. angle projection system. 2. Visualize “the glass box” concept and its

application. 3. Describe the principal views and its

arrangement.

4. Develop a multi view drawing following the prescribed step by step process from the initial idea to a finished drawing.

same as previous

Time allocated



Introduction Concept of quadrant.

8.7 Concept of Projection.(1st. & 3rd. Angle) Object placed in 1st Angle. Object placed in 3rd angle.

Comparison between 1st & 3rd angle projection Systems.

1st. 2nd, 3rd, 4th & its revolution. 1. Object to be projected 2. Plane of projection 3. Projections 4. Observer eyes or S.P.

See 2.11/6 Show transparencies

27

Time allocated



Symbols of 1st & 3rd angle projection system. 28/6

8.8 Arrangements of Principal views. 2.14/6 Selection of views. 2.12/6

One view

Two view

Three view etc. Spacing of views 2.13/6 Placement of views in 1st and 3rd angle projection system.

1st angle 3rd angle

Proper selection of views is most important in Orthographic.

Should select the least number of views for clear & complete description of an object.

Unnecessary or poor chosen views should be avoided.

+ most important -If only one view, it should be in centre. More than one view space should be divided into suitable rectangles.

-

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Ask Question about the 1st. and 3rd. angle projection system Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Make free hand sketches of Model placed in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th quadrant. Tools Material & Aids:-

Model, Charts, Glass box, Multimedia, white Board, markers, OHP, transparencies

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) __________________________________________________________ Machine Drawing by R.K. sDhawan pages indicated

28

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 8(D) Introduction to Multi-view Projection _ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Make a multi view drawing. 2. Use different lines in making multi view drawing. 3. Understand the uses of Multi view drawing.


1. Select views that will best show the object you are drawing.

2. Project information from one view to an adjacent view

3. Understand the relationship of views. 4. Practice of Multi view projection and

missing lines.

Projection Theory

Time allocated



Motivation + Introduction. 8.9 Multi view drawing or Multi view projection. Multi means a number of views required to completely describe the object “Projection” comes from the word project which mean “to throw forward”.

The older, more technical name for the method is orthographic projection. Ortho mean at right angle and projection mean drawn. 155/1

Engineer & Architect makes a mental image of object.

Then sketches or draws several views to accurately describe its shape & size.

Preliminary drawings to make final drawings for use in manufacturing & construction.

To understand multi view drawing, consider an object beyond a piece of glass. You look at the object through the glass and view one side at a time

You keep your line of sight perpendicular to the glass.

29

Time allocated



Complicated object.

Glass Box method. 157/1

Principal views. 158/1 Views selection. 159/1 Missing lines.

Each of these lines of sight passes through the glass at a point.

Usually start from front view o (most important detail in it)

Then move at right angle (side view) o Top Show more than three views may be 4 or

five.

Six principal views.

Front, Top, Bottom, Right Side., Left Side and back Also called normal views.

To describe completely the object we draw 3 views. Select those views that show the object as completely as possible.

Draw some view with messing line & complete it with the help of isometric view

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)

Ask Question___________________________________ Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Make a glass model and place wooden model and then draw the views. Tools Material & Aids:- White board, Markers, Charts, OHP, Transparencies, Models, etc. Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy page ( 155 – 159 )

30

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 9(A) Introduction to Pictorial Drawing _ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Uses of Pictorial Drawing. 2. State the Types of Pictorial Drawing

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Describe the importance of Pictorial

Drawing 2. Describe the three types of Pictorial

Drawing 3. Explain Axonometric and oblique Drawing 4. Explain the Perspective Drawing

SSC, Concept of Drawing,2-D, 3-D, Sketching and shape Description

Time allocated



Pictorial Drawing:-

9.1 Importance /Uses

9.2 Types of Pictorial Drawing:- 1. Axonometric Projection 2. Oblique Projection 3. Perspective Projection

3 Dimensional Drawing in which everyone can understand the object easily.

Quick Communication.

Easiness in assembling.

Unskilled worker understand also.

Help the untrained people to read multi-view drawing understand basic shapes.

Help the craftsman to quick understanding.

It also enables the designer to visualize the successive stages of the design and to develop it in a satisfactory manner.

Inclined position of the object with respect to plane of projection. Since the principle edges and surfaces of the object are inclined to the plane of projection.

31

Time allocated



Types of Axonometric Projection:-

Ordinary Scale 450

Isometric scale 300 (Projection)

Isometric Circle

Isometric lettering

Non-Isometric Lines

Types of Oblique Projection (Easiest Pictorial Drawing)

1. Cavalier Projection(Full scale) 2. Cabinet Projection(Half scale)

Types of Perspective Projection

1. One point (Parallel) 2. Two point (Angular)

1-Isometric (Commonly used) 3 axis equal 2-Di-metric (2 axis equal) (Not Commonly used) 3-Trimetric (3 axis Different) (Not Commonly used) Depth of an object is drawn at any angle 30, 45, 60. Every object has three dimensions Width, Height, Depth called axis. Two axes are at right angle to each other. 3rd drawn at an angle. It more closely approximates the view obtained by the human eye, Geometrically an ordinary photograph is a perspective .it is major important to the Architect, Industrial Designer, illustrators etc.


Ask Question showing Pictures/Drawing____________________ Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Collect the figures. Drawing as per today lecture

Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia, OHP. Charts, models, Transparencies, Whit Board, Markers Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy 127-143 Mechanical Drawing by French page 47-50 Technical Drawing by Frederick page 510 -572

32

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 9(B) Introduction to Pictorial Drawing Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1) Isometric Sketching of Rectangular Block, Arcs, Circles 2) Oblique Sketching of Rectangular Blocks 3) Make an Isometric and Oblique drawings

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1) Describe and make an isometric view 2) Describe Isometric and non- Isometric lines 3) Explain Oblique drawing and its types 4) Determine what types of object are best by

Isometric or Oblique

Orthographic and Pictorial projection

Time

allocated TOPICS, NOTES (Brief)

with teacher students activities Key points/Reminders/Sketch

Teaching Aids/Evaluation

05 10 10

9.3 Introduction to Pictorial Drawing:-

Isometric view:- Three faces of an object shows clearly in

one view called isometric drawing. 344/2

Isometric Scale : 80%

Isometric Lines/Surface 346/2, 512/3

Non- Isometric Lines/Surface

Isometric Circles and Curves: 347,348/2

How to create an isometric drawing.250/2

Dimensioning Techniques

Ask Questions about Types

Position of Isometric axis. Axis intersects at an angle of 1200.

Three views are in planes located on three axes.

The surface that seems to be most important will -determine the choice for the position of the axis.

347-354/2 Fig.

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Time allocated



9.4 Oblique Projection & Oblique Drawing 356/2 Types of Oblique Drawing:- 1. Cavalier Oblique (Normal Oblique ) 2. Cabinet Oblique(Receding line 1/2)

548/3

Used in furniture industry Oblique Circle/Curves 142/1 , 359/2 Graphical method

Irregular objects in Oblique Drawing 141/1

Two axis are parallel to the Picture plane and makes right angle with each other.

Best way to draw an object is usually at the angle from which it would normally be viewed.

Show Transparencies First draw circle in a box

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Ask Question by showing Isometric, Oblique Drawing Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Make sketches of each drawing___________________

Tools Material & Aids:- Transparencies and same as previous_________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) 1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott Foy page 136-143

2. Mechanical Drawing by French page 356-360 3. Technical Drawing by Frederick Page 511-524,545-53

34

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 9(C) Introduction to Pictorial drawing __ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Define the meaning of Pictorial drawing 2. Described the perspective view. 3. Explain the uses of perspective drawing.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Describe the procedure of making

perspective drawing. 2. Explain the types of perspective drawing 3. Explain the terms used in Perspective

drawing. 4. Distinguish between one point & two

points perspective

Isometric and Oblique Drawing and its importance

Time allocated



5 15 10

Introduction. 9.5 Perspective Projection. 1. Actually appear to the eye. 2. Gives the best pictorial efforts. 3. Vertical lines remain vertical. 4. Two set of H.L. each converge towards a

point called Vanishing point. 5. Two Vanishing point lines on a Horizon line at

the level of eye. Terms used in perspective drawing.

Three dimensional representation of an object as it looks to the eye from a particular point.

All the pictorial, perspective drawing look the most like Photographs.

The distinctive feature of Perspective drawing is that in perspective, lines on the receding planes that are actually parallel are not drawn parallel as are isometric & oblique drawing.

1. Visual rays. 361/2 2. Picture plane. 3. Station point. 4. Horizon line. 5. Ground line 6. Vanishing points.

35

Time allocated



20

Types of Perspective drawing. 9.5- One point or Parallel Perspective. 362/2, 562/3 9.6- Two point or Angular Perspective. ( Show charts and Transparencies )

One Point Perspective.

If the subject is turned so that one face is parallel to the Front Plane, the horizontal Lines on that face or parallel to it remains horizontal & have no vanishing point.

Two Point Perspective.

When the subject is turned at an angle, the drawing is to be angular or two point perspective.


Asking the Question about large buildings, Plaza, Hospital.______ Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Free hand sketching of both Tools Material & Aids:- Chart model, Transparencies. White board Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) 1. Mechanical Drawing by French page (362-367) 2. Technical Drawing by Frederick page (562-571)

36

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 9(D) Introduction to Pictorial drawing_ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Preparation of Pictorial drawing of simple object Isometric, Oblique and Perspective

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Describe/define various types of pictorial

drawing 2. Select and draw the most practical type of

pictorial for a specific purpose. 3. Construct irregular curves in pictorial

views.

Multi view projection and Pictorial projection

Time allocated



9.7 Preparation of pictorial drawings of simple objects Isometric view. Box method.

Draw orthographic projection.

Give the dimensions a, b, c, d etc.

Make an isometric box as per dimension.

Transfer the distances from Orthographic drawing to isometric box.

Project the axis till the meeting point.

Be sure that every meeting point has complete axis of 1200 each direction.

Rub the extra line and highlight the actual object.

37

Time allocated



Oblique Sketching.

Perspective Sketching. Simple object with appropriate height.

Make simple objects of oblique drawing from the orthographic drawing at least 5.

Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Asking the question about pictorial types __________ Special Assignment: - (Usually home work) Sketch of each type of pictorial __________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Chart, model, Transparencies. White board, markers__________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Mechanical Drawing by French Page (362-367) ______ Technical Drawing by Frederick Page (562-571) ______

38

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 10(A) Basic Dimensioning ____ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Define and explain what “dimensioning” means. 2. Differentiate between size and Location dimension. 3. Place dimension properly on drawings.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Definition of “dimensioning”. 2. Identify the dimensioning types. 3. Enlist the elements of dimensioning. 4. Identify the system of measurements.

SSC, Multi view Drawing, Concept of views placement, Size description

Time allocated



10 10

Introduction.

10.1 Dimensioning. To give the size (L.W.H.) of an object is called dimensioning (Shape & size description)

10.2 Types of Dimensioning. 168-171/2 1. Size dimension. 2. Location dimension.

It may be I. From centre to centre

II. Centre to surface III. Surface to centre. IV. Surface to surface.

Dimensioning gives information to the cabinet maker, Carpenter, Machinist or other people.

Multi view drawing shows geometric shapes of the product & their relationships.

However drawing must also show the exact size & relationship of those geometric shapes in a precise & acceptable manner.

Show the size of the object.

Show the location of any part in the object. Used to show the relative positions of the basic shapes. Also used to locate holes, surfaces and other feathers.

39

Time allocated



10

20

10.3 Elements of Dimensioning. 192/1 Dimension line

Extension line.

Arrow heads.

Leader

Numerals & notes.

Finish mark.

Scale.

10.4 System of measurements to Dimensioning. 1. Aligned System 2. Unidirectional system. 3. Staggered dimensions 4. Group dimensions. 5. Base line/datum line dimensioning. 6. Dual dimension.

Dimension is:- 1. Perpendicular to the dimension line. Read

from the bottom/Right hand. 2. Read only from the bottom of the sheet

same positioned. 3. Several dimension lines stagger the number. 4. Group of dimensions pertains to one

direction H, W or depth, on the same line. 5. One line assumes as a base/datum & all

dimensions placed such that small is first then next big and so on.

6. Both size, decimal inch & mm. However some industries use metric system also.


Give them task of Multi view drawing & ask the dimension placement. Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Place the all type of dimensions.______________ _________ Tools Material & Aids:- Multi view drawing of different parts. Charts, OHP _____________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Book 1: Page (190-201) Book 2: Page (161-173) Book 3 page 309-332

40

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 10(B) Basic Dimensioning ____ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Dimensioning of multi view drawing. 2. Dimensioning of Pictorial drawing. 3. Dimensioning rules and practices.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Explain and show how to place dimensions

correctly on drawing. 2. Explain how to dimension multi view drawing. 3. Explain how to dimension Pictorial views drawing. 4. Explain rules and practice and notes/speciation

Dimensioning Types and system

Time allocated



15

10.5 Dimensioning of Multi views drawing.

Show the Transparencies of each dimensioning techniques.

Dimensioning of :- 1. Angle and chamfer 2. Tapers 3. Curves/Arcs/Contours 4. Geometric forms of a part. 5. Cylindrical parts. 6. Holes/circles/diameter/Radius 7. Tolerances 8. Use of finish marks. 9. Locating holes. 10. Mating Parts. 11. Shapes with rounded ends. 12. Fillets and Rounds.

41

Time allocated



10 15

10

10.6 Dimensioning Pictorial views.

10.7 Dimensioning Rules. See 173-175/2, 340-342/3, 192-193/1

10.8 Notes & Specifications. No hard & fast rules.

Show picture with dimensions. 1. D.L. should be spaced from view outline. 2. If use Aligned system, can be read properly. 3. On machine drawing dimension should be

given in decimals, inches or mm. 4. When all dimensions are in inches or mm the

symbol is generally omitted & adds a note, “All dimensions are in mm/inches.

5. Don’t repeat the same dimension. 6. Do not give dimension that are not needed. 7. Place overall dimensions out side the smaller

dimensions. 8. Avoid placing dimensions in a shaded area. 9. Don’t use a centre line of a view as a

dimension line. 10. Avoid crossing a dimension line with another

line. 11. Give the diameter of a circle, not the radius. 12. Use the abbreviation R/Ø before the

dimension. 13. Avoid dimensioning to hidden lines if

possible. 14. Extension line should not cross the other

extension lines.


Ask question for dimensioning Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Practice of dimensioning ___________ _____________

Tools Material & Aids:- Multi view drawing of different parts ___________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Book 1: Drafting Fundamentals by Scott Foy Page (202-222) Book 2: Mechanical Drawing by French Page (162-187)

Book 3: Technical Drawing by Frederick page (312-341)

42

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 11(A) Introduction to the Development __ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Define the surface development 2. Explain the role of Development in Packaging and

sheet metal Industry 3. Methods to draw the Development

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Define surface Development 2. Explain the role of Development in

Packaging & sheet metal Industry 3. Describe the Methods to draw the

Development

4. Distinguish Parallel line, Radial line, Triangulation Method

Concept of solids and Geometric curves

Time allocated



11.1 Surface Development :- It is also called stretch outs or development

11.2 Role/Uses. Important Part of Industrial drafting.

Pipes ,ducts, part of buildings, air crafts ,automobiles, storage tanks, cabinets, Boxes , cartons Frozen Food Packages and countless other items are designed using surface development.

11.3 Methods to draw the Development:- i. Parallel line (Rectangular method)

ii. Radial line (Triangular method ) iii. Triangulation method

11.3.1)Parallel line development :- Example: cylinder, prism. 11.3.2)Radial line development :-

Full size layout of an object made on a single flat plane called surface Development.

Surface:- A surface is a geometric magnitude having two dimensions.(L,W).

It may be generated by a line called generatix of the surfaces.

Any position of the generatix is an element of the surface.

Parallel line development is simple way of making a pattern by drawing the edges of an object as parallel lines. Example: Cylinder, Prism. In the patterns for prisms & cylinders, the stretch out line is straight and the measuring

43

Example :Cone , Pyramid 11.3.3)Triangulation:- (Diving a surface into a number of Triangles and transferring them to the development) Example: Oblique Pyramid and Oblique cone.

lines (vertical construction lines) are perpendicular to it and parallel to each other. On cones & pyramids however the edges are not parallel. Example: Cone .Pyramids. Triangulation is a method used for making approximate developments of surfaces that can’t be developed exactly. It involves dividing the surface into triangles.


Ask questions about Development & Packing industry_____ Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Make the development & models of different solids________

Tools Material & Aids:- __________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Mechanical Drawing by French page 497-514 Technical drawing by Frederick page 585-596

44

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 11(B) Introduction to the Development __ Name: Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1. Define the surface development 2. Explain the role of Development in Packaging

and sheet metal Industry 3. Methods to draw the Development

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors 1. Define surface Development 2. Explain the role of Development in

Packaging and sheet metal Industry. 3. Describe the Methods to draw the

Development. 4. Distinguish Parallel line Radial line

Triangulation Method.

Concept of Geometric curves and solids

Time allocated



11.4 Geometrical solids Three dimensional geometrical figures are

called solids. 1. Cone 2. Cylinder 3. Prism 4. Pyramid

Solids bounded by plane surfaces are G .S Cone, is generated by a straight line called the generatix, moving in contact with a curved line and passing through a fix point, the vertex of the cone. Each position of the generatix is an element of the cone. Cylinder is generated by a straight line, called generatix, moving in contact with a curved line and always remaining parallel to its previous position or to the axis. Each position of the generatix is called an element of the cylinder. Prism, Solids made by principal line-having top and base in same shape and size called prism. OR Solids bounded by plane surfaces called Prism. Pyramid, is a polygon for a base and triangular lateral faces intersecting at a common point called vertex. If the axis is perpendicular to the base it is called right pyramid otherwise it is an oblique pyramid.

45


Ask questions about Development & Packing industry __________ Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Make the development & models of different solids ____________

Tools Material & Aids:- __________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Mechanical Drawing by French page 497-514 Technical drawing by Frederick page 585-596

Basic Engineering Drawing & CAD-I

MT-163

OPERATION SHEETS

Table of Contents

Single Stroke Capital vertical lettering on Graph Sheet 1

Single Stroke Capital inclined lettering on Graph Sheet 4

Practice of single stroke capital vertical & inclined lettering 7

Double Stroke Lettering 9

Use of Tee Square & Set Square for drawing of Horizontal, Vertical & Inclined lines 11

Use of Compass, circles, half circles, Radii 13

Use Tee Square for drawing centers, crossing of lines 15

Draw round corners, figure inside and outside circle 17

Construction of Angles and Triangles 20

Construction of Quadrilaterals and circle elements 22

Construction of Parallel lines, Perpendicular, Bisect line, Angles and equal division of line 26

Construction of Inscribed & circumscribed figures. Square, Triangle and Hexagon 29

Construction of Pentagon by different methods 31

Construction of Hexagon, Octagon, by general and different methods 35

Construction of Tangents of circles (Inside & outside) 38

Construction of Ellipse by four different methods 41

Construction of Parabola curve by four different methods 44

Construction of Hyperbola Curve 47

Construction of Archimedean Spiral Curve 50

Construction of Involutes Curve of Square/rectangle, hexagon and circle 52

Construction of Cycloid, epicycloids and hypocycloid 55

Different types of drawing lines 57

Orthographic Projection, 1st. angle wooden block-1 63

Orthographic Projection, 3rd angle, wooden block-1 65

Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.2 A, B 67

Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.3 A, B 69

Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.4 A,B 71

Orthographic Project, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.5 A,B 73

Orthographic Projection and Isometric drawing-1 75

Orthographic Projection & Isometric Drawing – II 79

Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing – I 82

Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing – II 85

Construction of One Point Perspective 87

Construction of Two Point Perspective 89

Construction of Multi view drawing of “Gland for stuffing box.” 91

Construction of Multi view drawing of simple bearing 93

Missing Lines and Portion on given views – 1 95

Missing Lines and Portion on given views – II 97

Development of Prism – I 99

Development of Hexagonal Prism – II 101

Development of Cylinder 103

Development of Cone 105

Development of Pyramid – 1 & 2 107

1

OPERATION SHEET NO. 1

Operation: Single Stroke Capital vertical lettering on Graph Sheet. Name: - Amjad Elahi

Subject: - MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1 Technology Mechanical Time 150 min___

Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the border line and title strip. 2) Construct the letters and numerals in correct shape and size using graph and drawing sheet. 3) Develop skill to letter in proper sequence of strokes. 4) Construct the letters and numerals in single stroke. 5) Draw guide lines and maintain spacing between letters and numerals.

Introduction: - The representation of informational data such as titles, dimensions, notes, surface finish etc. on a drawing is known as “lettering”. Lettering should therefore, be done clear, legible, uniform & properly spaced. Vertical single stroke lettering is to be drawn at 90 degree without lifting the pencil. The letter may be constructed with the ratio of height and width of 5:4, 5:5. 6:4, 6:5, 6:6. Etc

Materials:: Graph sheet ,quarter imperial size (15” x 10” or 375mm x 250mm) of light color print, pencil H, eraser and drawing tape.

Equipment, Drafting table/drawing board, Tee-square. Set- square, and pencil, sharpener.

Steps/Procedure/method Key points

PROCEDURE:

1. Fix the graph paper with tape on the drawing table keeping the tee-square at the left edge of the board.

2. Draw borderline with H pencil. Leave ten squares on left and five squares on the other sides.

3. Make a line for title strip at the lower base with borderline leaving eight squares.

4. Leave a gape of size squares four sides with the borderlines.

5. Construct alphabet letters and numerals in single stroke vertical gothic style in the height of six squares and width of four squares or as instructed by teacher.

6. Make a title at the lower base with the eight of two squares and a gape of one square.

7. Similarly draw a guide lines on a plane drawing sheet with border line & title strip and print the letters & numerals as instructed by the teacher.

Writing is important for communication

Safety Precautions: 1. Keep a white paper under your hands to get the work neat and clean. 2. Letters should be in single stroke and properly dark. 3. Indicate the direction of letters and numerals clearly and properly. 4. Do not use scale for lettering. 5. Follow the instructional material.

2

Special Assignment: Write vertical lettering as per instructions. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

3

References:

4

OPERATION SHEET NO.2

Operation: Single Stroke Capital inclined lettering on Graph Sheet. Name: - Amjad Elahi

Subject: - MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1 Technology Mechanical Time 150 min

Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the border line and title strip. 2) Construct the letters and numerals in correct shape and size using graph and drawing sheet. 3) Develop skill to letter in proper sequence of strokes. 4) Construct the letters and numerals in S.S. 5) Draw guide lines and maintain spacing between letters & numerals.

Introduction: - The representation of informational data such as titles, dimensions, notes, surface finish etc. on a drawing is known as “lettering”. Lettering should therefore, be done clear, legible, uniform and properly spaced. Inclined single stroke lettering is to be drawn at 67 ½ without lifting the pencil. The letter may be constructed with the ratio of height and width of 5:4, 5:5. 6:4, 6:5, 6:6

Materials:: Graph sheet – quarter imperial size (15” x 10” or 375mm x 250mm) of light color print, pencil H, eraser and drawing tape.

Equipment, Drafting table/drawing board, tee-square. Set- square, and pencil sharpener.


PROCEDURE:

1. Fix the graph paper with tape on the drawing table keeping the tee-square at the left edge of the board.

2. Draw border line with H pencil. Leave ten squares on left and five squares on the other sides.

3. Make a line for title strip at the lower base with border line leaving eight squares.

4. Leave a gape of size squares four sides with the borderlines.

5. Draw incline guide lines at an angle of 67 ½. 6. Draw parallel guide lines equally space 7. Construct alphabet letters and numerals in

single stroke inclined gothic style in the height of six squares and width of four squares.

8. Similarly draw a guide lines on a plane drawing sheet with border line and title strip and print the letters and numerals as already has done.

Application and Try Out: Writing is important for communication

Safety Precautions: 1. Keep a white paper under your hands to get the work neat and clean. 2. Letters should be in single stroke, properly dark and equally spaced. 3. Indicate the direction of letters and numerals clearly and properly. 4. Do not use scale for lettering. 5. Follow the instructions.

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Special Assignment: Draw lettering as per instructions. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

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References:

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Operation: Practice of single stroke capital vertical & inclined lettering. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the border line and title strip. 2) Draw guidelines to maintain spacing between letters and numerals in both styles. 3) Construct the letters and numerals in correct shape and size using graph and drawing sheet. 4) Construct the letters and numerals in single stroke incline at 670 ½ angle. 5) Develop skill to letters in proper sequence of strokes.

Introduction: - For habitual rapid use in labeling and putting notes on drawings, a single line alphabet is required. This should

be based on the shapes and proportions of the gothic lettering. It may be divided into vertical and inclined single stroke letters.

Usually one type of lettering is used and is not mixed. At first, each letter has to be formed carefully and comparatively slowly to

avoid distortion and wrong shapes. With practice, however, it is soon possible to letter quickly and accurately without conscious

effort. In this activity we will letter 10 mm, 8mm. 5mm. 3mm. height with the ratio of 4:6 or as instructed by instructor.

Materials:: Drawing sheet quarter imperial size (15” x 10” or 375mm x 250mm). Pencil (H & H3), tape and eraser.



PROCEDURE (Vertical):

1. Fix the drawing sheet on drawing table with tape keeping the tee-square at the left edge of the board.

2. Draw borderline with H pencil as per drawing. 3. Make a title strip at the lower base with the

borderline leaving 25mm. 4. Draw four guidelines having a space of 15 mm

inside the border with H3 pencil. 5. Draw the guidelines with H3 pencil to letter 3 lines

of 10mm height, 3 lines of 8mm height, 4 lines of 5mm height and 5 lines of 3mm height having equal space of 8mm apart.

6. Letter alphabet and numerals in single stroke vertical gothic as instructed by using H pencil.

PROCEDURE FOR INCLINED LETTERING:

1. Follow the instructions from 1 to 5 as in activity No.2.

2. Draw inclined guidelines at an angle of 67 ½ degree with the help of protractor.

3. Draw parallel guidelines with set squares equally spaced.

4. Letter alphabet and numerals in single stroke inclined gothic as instructed using H pencil.

CARE:

1. Follow the instructions 1, 2, 4 and 6 as given in activity No,.2.

2. Inclined guidelines should be equally spaced and drawn carefully.

3. Do not use scale to construct the letters and numerals.

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Application and Try Out: Writing is important for communication

Safety Precautions: 1. Keep a white paper under your hands to get the work neat and clean. 2. Use soft brush or handkerchief for dusting the drawing sheet. 3. The letter should touch the guidelines. 4. The space between each letter should be equal.

Special Assignment: Draw lettering according to instructions. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

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Operation: Double Stroke Lettering. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the horizontal and vertical parallel lines. 2) Use smoothly Tee, Set squares and compass. 3) Draw the curves, semi circles, and inclined lines. 4) Develop skill to double stroke letters in proper space and shape 5) Maintain the curves with horizontal, vertical and Inclined lines 6) Maintain the uniform thickness of letters and numerals. Introduction: - Show the Charts.

Materials: Drawing sheet quarter imperial size (15” x 10” or 375mm x 250mm). Pencil (H & H3), self adhesive tape

and eraser. Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square and set-squares.



1. Fix the sheet on drawing table. 2. Make the border line and title strip. 3. Mark the points of the centre. 4. Now mark the divisions for graph. 5. Draw the horizontal lines. 6. Then draw the vertical line. 7. Using the proper height draw the vertical and

oblique line for the letters. 8. Make a curve or semi circle in round shape letters. 9. Then join the vertical lines with these curves to

complete the letters. 10. Complete the letters and numerals similarly.

Use tee square for adjustment.

Use H pencil.

Centre of the sheet.

Should be light and parallel to each other.

From left to right side.

Width should be select carefully.

Use compass with proper grade of pencil.

1st draw the curve then attach this curve with vertical or horizontal line.

Letters must have parallel and visible out lines.

Application and Try Out: In large size boards and large charts use this lettering.

Safety Precautions:

1. Use H grade pencil in compass.

2. Curve should be smooth and uniform in thickness.

3. Vertical and Inclined lines must be joined with these curved lines carefully.

4. Graph lines should be light when the letters must be prominent.

5. Graph lines must be parallel in horizontal and vertical direction.

Special Assignment: Draw the double stroke letters as per instructions.

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Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

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Operation: Use of Tee Square & Set Square for drawing of Horizontal, Vertical & Inclined lines. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the horizontal and vertical lines, with their proper weight & construction. 2) Draw the inclined lines at any angle. 3) Develop the skill to construct the figures having Horizontal, Vertical and inclined lines. 4) They can identify above said line. Introduction: - Horizontal line is parallel to the base or ground. Vertical line is perpendicular to the horizontal line.

Inclined line is at any angle except 90 or 180 to horizontal or vertical lines. Horizontal line may be drawn with the

help of tee square and vertical or inclined lines are to be drawn by the combination of tee and set square.

Materials/ Equipment: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet 15 x 10 (375 x 250mm).H. H3 pencils eraser and tape.

Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square and divider.


1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table. 2. Layout the border line and title strip with H Pencil

as per previous practice. 3. Divide the sheet into six equal parts as shown. 4. Draw 60mm squares in the center of every box. 5. Draw the horizontal lines equally spaced by H or H2

Pencil. 6. Then complete the next box with vertical lines

equally spaced. 7. Then draw the oblique lines at 45 angle on both

direction equally spaced. 8. Complete the next box with horizontal, vertical and

inclined lines. 9. Make the other boxes according to the given

informational material. 10. Other three drawn by compass with proper

direction and equally spaced. 11. Rub the extra lines and complete the all figures.

Space should be equally distributed and lines should be drawn from left to right.

Up to down direction is proper. Angle should be proper. Locate the centre properly. Curve and circles should be smooth and proper

shape.

Application and Try Out: Show the chart having different lines. Ask the Questions about Horizontal, vertical and inclined lines.

Safety Precautions:

1. Mark the divisions carefully. 2. Rotate the pencil when draw the lines. 3. Lines should be drawn from left to right ,Top to bottom , Bottom to top. 4. Draw the figures 1st in construction lines. 5. Lines should be darkened properly. 6. Pencil should be sharpened before draw the lines. 7. Lines should be marked properly and shaped correctly. 8. Curves should be properly centered. 9. Circle should be smooth and properly centered.

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Special Assignment: Draw the following lines as per instructions. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

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Operation: Use of Compass, circles, half circles, Radii Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the circles. 2) Draw the curves. 3) Develop the skill to construct the figures having circles, curves and different radii. Introduction: - Mostly drawings are completed by making the circles and curves. It is necessary to know how to draw

the circles, curves and arcs. In this activity different figures are to be practiced to the construction of circles, arcs and

radius etc.


Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.


1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table.

2. Draw the border line and title strip with H, Pencil as per previous practice.

3. Divide the sheet into six equal parts as illustrated.

4. Mark the center lines in every box.

5. Start the figure as illustrated in the drawing.

6. Complete the figures step by step by using the compass.

Application and Try Out: We should know the use of drawing instruments

Safety Precautions:

1. Mark the divisions carefully.

2. Rotate the compass carefully.

3. Curves and circles should be clear.

4. Keep line thickness constant through.

5. Mark all lines except construction lines dense and sharp.

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Special Assignment: Draw the following assignment carefully. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

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Operation: Use Tee Square for drawing centers, crossing of lines. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Develop the skill for border line and title strip. 2) Draw the horizontal, vertical and inclined lines. 3) Develop the skill to construct the figures having circles, curves and different radii. Introduction: Engineering drawing is the main method of communication between all persons concerned with

design and manufacture of components, building and construction of works and carrying out engineering projects.

For this communication, recommended lines are used which interpret the meaning of designer. All lines should be of

proper intensity, weight, neat and clean so that the drawing may have good appearance, neatness and cleanliness. If

the line work is clear and correct, the drawing will have good appearance. Hence care must be taken to improve the

line work.




1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table/board. 2. Lay out the border line and title strip with H pencil

as per previous practice. 3. Divide the sheet into four equal parts. 4. Mark the strips 5 x 60mm size in a 60mm square

box and complete the strips to draw the horizontal and vertical lines as shown in box No.1.

5. Draw the 60mm square with 5mm thickness around the square as shown in drawing No.2 in construction lines.

6. With the help of compass, set square and tee-square mark the centers for the next two drawings.

7. Draw the circles, radius to complete the right two half drawings in constriction lines.

8. Convert the construction lines into the object lines as shown to complete the work.

9. Check it by yourself carefully.

Application and Try Out: Proper use of drawing instruments is very important.

Safety Precautions:

1. Every line must be constructed with proper pencil.

2. Sharp the pencil lead before drawing the lines.

3. In every division draw the lines at least five times with the appropriate distance between them.

4. Long and short dashes must be of proper size.

5. Draw the arrow heads perfectly touching to extension lines.

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Special Assignment: Draw the following figures according to instructions. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

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Operation: Draw round corners, figure inside and outside circle. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Develop the skill for border line and title strip. 2) Draw the horizontal, vertical and inclined lines. 3) Develop the skill to construct the figures having circles, curves and different radii. Introduction: Engineering drawing is the main method of communication between all persons concerned with

design and manufacture of components, building and construction of works and carrying out engineering projects.

Many objects have different types of curves internally and externally. These curves may b tangents, fillets and

rounds. It should be clear and meet in a manner. There should be no overlapping and misalignment.




DRAW CIRCLE TANGENT TO TWO LINES AT 1200 HAVING RADIUS R. 1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing

Table/board. 2. Lay out the border line and title strip with H

pencil as per previous practice. 3. Divide the sheet into six equal parts. 4. Draw line AB and BC at an angle of 1200 to each

other. 5. Draw two parallel lines to the given lines AB and

CD apart radius R. 6. The parallel lines intersecting at point o which is

a centre of required circle. 7. From a center o and radius R draw a circle which

is the required circle.

DRAW AN ARC WITH RADIUS R2 TO TWO UN EQUAL CIRCLES HAVING RADII R, R1 AT CENTER DISTANCE AB TO TOUCH WITH ONE CIRCLE INTERNALLY AND OTHER EXTERNALLY.

1. Draw line CD and draw circle C on one end and D

on other end with different radius. 2. With radius R3 = R2 – R1 draw an arc from point

C. 3. Radius R4=R2+R, Draw another arc from D

intersecting previous arc at E. 4. From point E with radius R2 draw an arc, which

touch the given circles internally and externally?

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DRAW AN ARC WITH RADIUS R2 TO TWO EQUAL CIRCLES HAVING RADII R1 & R AT CENTER DISTANCE AB

1. Trace center A,B 2. Draw circles from A and B with radius R. 3. With radius R3 = R2 – R draw an arc from point

A. 4. Radius R4=R2+R, strike arc from B to trace point

C. 5. From point C with radius R2 draw an arc, which

touch the given circles internally and externally?

Application and Try Out:

Safety Precautions:

1. Every line must be constructed with proper pencil.

2. Sharp the pencil lead before drawing the lines.

3. Fix the compass on only one centre and strike smoothly.

4. Curve should be neat and clean and in alignment.

5. Indicate the centre of the curves clearly.

Special Assignment: Draw the following figures according to instructions.

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References:

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Operation: Construction of Angles and Triangles. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the different angles. 2) Draw the different triangles. 3) Develop the skill to use of drawing instruments. Introduction: - Show chart of Angles, Triangles


Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square and divider.


Angle: An angle is a figure formed when two lines meet

at a point. It may be classified as under:-

Kinds of Angle:

1. Acute angle: Less than 90 0.

2. Right angle: Equal to 900. 3. Obtuse angle: More than 900 but

less than 1800. 4. Straight angle: Equal to 1800. 5. Complementary angles: Sum of two angles.

Equal to 900. 6. Supplementary angles: Sum of two angles

Equal to 1800. 7. Reflex angle: More than 1800 but

less than 3600. 8. Adjacent angles: Two angles common

arm. Triangle: A triangle is a plane figure contained by three

straight lines. The side on which the triangle stands is

called its base & the point of the angle opposite to the

base is called the apex or vertex. The altitude is the

perpendicular distance from the apex or vertex to the

base. There are two main groups of triangle one with

their sides and the other with their angles. The sum of

interior angles of a triangle is always 1800.

Kinds of Triangle:-

A. By Sides:

1. Equilateral: Three sides are equal.

2. Isosceles triangle: Two sides are equal.

3. Scalene triangle: Three sides are different.

B. By Angles:

1. Acute-angled triangle: One angle must be acute.

2. Right-angled triangle: One angle must be 90

degree.

3. Obtuse-angled triangle: One angle must be obtuse.

Conical point and flat point leads. Place one edge of

drawing sheet parallel to T-Square and fix with the help

of tape.

Draw different types of angles

And Triangles in appropriate size.

Show the angles within arrow heads using extension line.

Indicate the type of angle clearly.

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Application and Try Out: Used in different geometrical figures.

Safety Precautions:

1. Divide the sheet carefully.

2. Draw the figure at suitable place in the box

3. Choose the suitable size for angles and triangles.

4. Name the figures taking 3mm height.

Special Assignment: Draw the following angles and triangles as per instructions. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

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Operation: Construction of Quadrilaterals and circle elements. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw different types of Quadrilaterals and circle elements. 2) Identify the different Quadrilaterals and Parts of a circle. 3) Develop the skill to use of drawing instruments. Introduction: : Show the chart of Quadrilateral and circle elements. A quadrilateral is a plane figure bounded by

four straight lines. It may be termed a quadrangle on account of its having four angles. The four angles of any

quadrilateral add to 3600 or four right angles.




Kinds of quadrilaterals:-

1. Square has all its sides equal and all its angles at 90

degree.

2. Rectangle has its opposite sides equal and all its

angles at 90 degree.

3. Rhombus has all its sides equal but its angles are not

at right angles.

4. Rhomboid has opposite angles and sides are equal,

parallel.

5. Trapezoid has none of its side’s parallel.

6. Trapezium has two of its sides parallel but all others

are unequal.

7. Right Trapezium has two of its sides parallel and only

one angle is 90 degree. All four sides are unequal.

8. Trapezoid or Kite has two pairs of equal sides.

Procedure

1. Draw the border line and title strip after fixing the

drawing sheet on drawing table.

2. Divide the sheet into eight equal divisions.

3. Draw the figures with the help of the tee-square set

squares and compass selecting the suitable size as

illustrated in the drawing and as instructed by the

Instructor.

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CIRCLE ELEMENTS. 1. Circle. 2. Radius 3. Centre. 4. Circumference. 5. Quadrant. 6. Semi circle. 7. Segment. 8. Sector. 9. Chord 10. Arc.

Procedure I. Draw the border line and title strip after fixing the

drawing sheet on drawing table.

II. Divide the sheet into ten equal divisions.

III. Draw 10 circles equally spaced

IV. Show the element in visible dark line

V. Label the circle elements

VI. Draw the figures with the help of the tee-square

set squares and compass as illustrated in the

drawing with proper grade pencil

Diameter must be appropriate size

Line should be thin and fine

Dark the part which is to be shown

Height of lettering not more than 5mm


Safety Precautions:

1. Divide the sheet carefully.

2. Draw the figures at suitable place in the box.

3. Choose the suitable size for the figures.

4. Use the compass and other instruments carefully.

5. Name the figures with in 3mm guide lines.

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Special Assignment: Draw the following as per instructions. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

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OPERATION SHEET NO. 11

Operation: Construction of Parallel lines, Perpendicular, Bisect line, Angles and equal division of line Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the lines, parallel line, arcs and angles. 2) Bisect the lines, angles and arcs. 3) Develop the skill to use of drawing instruments. Introduction: : Drawing is a skill not easily obtained and a high degree of efficiency can only be achieved after a

draftsman has become proficient in the use of the instruments of this art. A sound knowledge of basic geometrical

constructions is needed to complete engineering drawings in a workman like manner. Many constructions are

especially valuable when accurate, full size layouts are required such as sheet metal patterns, tool and die layouts.




1. Construction of Parallel lines AB is the given line and C is the given distance.

i. From any two points well apart on AB draw to arcs of radius equal to C.

ii. Draw a line tangential to the two arcs to give the required line.

2. Construction of Perpendicular (From the end of the line).

AB is the given line.

i. With centre B and radius less than AB describe an arc to intersect line AB at point C.

ii. From C and the same radius mark of point D and from point D with same radius mark off point E.

iii. From point D and point E describe any two arcs to intersect at point F.

iv. Join BF to give the required perpendicular. 3. From a point on a line

AB is the line and C is the point on it.

i. With centre C and any radius describe equal arcs to cut line AB at point E and point F.

ii. From E and F describe equal arcs to intersect at point D.

iii. Join points CD to give the required perpendicular. 4. Bisecting a line or arc

i. Given line or arc AB. ii. Set the compass for any radius greater than one-

half of AB. Using A and B as centers, draw two arcs to intersect at C and two arcs to intersect at D.

iii. The point at which line CD crosses AB is the center.

Show charts and transparencies

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5. Dividing a line into equal parts

i. Assume a given line is to be divided into six equal parts.

ii. Draw the required line AB which is to be divided. iii. From one end of this line draw line AC at any

convenient angle. iv. Starting at A on line AC lay off six equal spaces

either with dividers or a scale. v. From the termination point of the last space D,

draw a line connecting D with B. vi. With the edge of a triangle set parallel with line

DB, draw lines from the points on line AC to line AB. The division points will be found where the parallel lines intersect line AB.

6. Bisecting an angle.

i. Given angle BAC ii. With A as a center and the compass set at any

convenient radius, draw an arc cutting line AB at D and line AC at E.

iii. Set the compass at a radius greater than one-half of DE.

iv. With D and E as centers, draw two arcs to intersect at O.

v. Draw a line from O to A. The line OA bisects the angle.

Application and Try Out: Show the chart and ask questions.

Safety Precautions:

1. Use compass and other instruments carefully and properly.

2. Sharp the pencil lead to get a better result.

3. Centers should be located accurately

Special Assignment: Draw the following figures according to instructions.

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References:

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Operation: Construction of Inscribed & circumscribed figures. Square, Name: - Amjad Elahi Triangle and Hexagon Technology:- Mechanical

Subject: - MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1 Time:- 150 min

Date:- _______ Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to 1) Draw the inscribed square, triangle and hexagon. 2) Draw the circumscribed squire, triangle, and hexagon. 3) Develop the skill in the use of drawing instruments. Introduction: : Show the chart. Those figures, which are drawn inside the circle and only the corners of the figure,

are touching the circumference of the circle, called inscribed figures. Those figures which are drawn outside the

circle and the sides of figures are tangent to it, are called circumscribed figures.


Drawing table/ drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.


1) Draw the border line and title strip as per previous

practice.

2) Divide the sheet into six equal parts.

INSCRIBED FIGURES:-

1) Draw the circles taking diameter 60mm.

2) Draw the centerlines.

3) Join the four points of centerlines for square.

4) Bisect the radius for triangle and rectangle. Then joint

these points.

5) Use compass for hexagons according to the method

demonstrate by your class instructor.

CIRCUMSCRIBED FIGURES:-

1) After drawing of circles and centerlines, produce the

tangents horizontal and vertical for square.

2) Angles of 60 for hexagon, externally.

3) Angle of 60 internally for triangle.

Follow the procedure which is to be said.

Circles should be equally spaced.

Centre lines should be properly drawn.

Geometric. figures must be prominent.

Application and Try Out: Show the G. Figure and ask questions.

Safety Precautions:

1. Draw the circles in the center of the boxes.

2. Circles and center lines should be constructed properly.

3. Bisect the lines accurately.

4. Tangent should be touch the circle not cut it.

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Special Assignment: Draw the following figures carefully. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

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Operation: Construction of Pentagon by different methods Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the pentagon by different methods. 2) Develop the skill in the use of drawing instruments. 3) Develop the skill to divide the line in two and five equal parts. Introduction: A polygon is a plane figure having more than four sides. When the sides are equal, then the polygon is

a regular polygon. In such a polygon, the angles are equal and all the corners will touch the circumference of a

circumscribed circle. Polygons with unequal sides are said to be irregular polygons. The polygon contains the five

equal sides is called “pentagon”. There are many methods to draw the pentagon but we will discuss only five

methods .




Draw the borderline after fixing the drawing sheet.

Divide the sheet into two equal parts horizontally.

Divide the upper half into two equal parts and

lower half into three equal parts.

In these five boxes draw the pentagon by different

methods.

Method No. 1 (Inscribed Pentagon)

1) Draw a circle having diameter 50mm with center O

and extend the center lines. BA. CM.

2) Bisect OA radius at point D.

3) D as center scribes an arc equal to radius DC on BA.

It will cut the BA on E.

4) Now C as center scribes an arc equal to CE on the

circumference. It cut the circumference on F.

5) Join F and C. It is a one side of pentagon. Mark the

other sides and join them. Inscribed

6) Pentagon is completed.

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Method No. 2

1) Draw AB = 35mm. with centers A and B and radius AB draw complete circles.

2) With center D and the same radius draw an arc to cut the first circles at E and F.

3) Draw DG and produce From E draw a line through G to H. Similarly from F draw a line

4) Through G to J.

5) With centers J and H and radius AB strikes arcs cutting at K.

6) Join A to J. J to K, K to H. H to B. AJKHB is the required pentagon.

Method No. 3

1) Draw AB = 35mm and bisect AB at C.

2) Mark off CD = AB. From B draw a line through D and produce.

3) Mark off DE = ½ AB with compass point on B and radius BE strike an arc to cut CD produced at F.

4) With centers, A.B.F. and radius AB strike arcs to cut at G and H.

5) Join A to G, G to F, F to H, and H to B.

Method No. 4

1) Draw the given side AB = 35mm. Produce BA to X.

2) Describe the semi circle with radius AB and center A.

3) Divide the semi circle into five equal parts by protractor making 36 angles and mark the numbers from left side.

4) Join A to the second division from X.

5) AE = AB = two sides of the polygon and BAE will be a corner of the polygon.

6) Bisect AE and AB at O with Centre O and radius AO. Describe the circle.

7) With length AB, step off C and D from B. Join up the points for the required polygon.

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Method No. 5

1) Draw the circle having diameter 50mm with center

O.

2) Draw the diameter AOY and divide AY into five

equal parts.

3) With radius AY and center A and Y. scribe the

intersecting arcs x.

4) From x draw a line through 2 to cut the

circumference at B.

5) Join AB. which is one side of the pentagon. Step off

the remaining points at AB intervals. Join up

ABCDEA to complete the pentagon.

Application and Try Out: Show the Geometrical Figure and ask questions.

Safety Precautions:

1. Divide the sheet into five equal divisions with appropriate size.

2. Bisect and join the lines carefully.

3. Draw the intersecting circles accurately.

4. Divide the semi circle into five equal divisions accurately.

5. Pentagon should be drawn with prominent line.

Special Assignment: Draw the following pentagons as per instructions.

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References:

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Operation: Construction of Hexagon, Octagon, by general and different methods Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the Hexagon by different methods. 2) Draw the Octagon by different methods. 3) Develop the skill in the use of drawing instruments. Introduction: The polygon contains six equal sides called “Hexagon” and eight equal sides called “Octagon”.

Materials: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet 15 x 10 (375 x 250mm).H. H3 pencils eraser and tape.

Equipment: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.


HEXAGON:- Method No. 1: Constructing a regular hexagon with the given distance

across corners. 1) Draw a circle with AE of 70mm diameter. Draw

centerlines. 2) With the radius AO and using A and E as centers,

draw arcs with straight lines. 3) Connect each point formed by the intersecting arcs

with straight lines. Method No. 2 1) Draw a given line AB = 35mm. 2) With center A and B and radius AB scribe the semi

circles at O. 3) With center draw the semi circle which cut the

already drawn semi circles at C and F. 4) From F and C with the same radius. Cut the semi

circle at E and D. 5) Step off points CDEF with AB. Method No. 3 1) Draw the horizontal line AB = 35mm. 2) Rest the 30 – 60 set squares on the Tee-square then

draw the lines AF and BC making them equal to AB. 3) Repeat with points C and F making CD and EF equal

to AB. 4) Joint DE to complete the hexagon. OCTAGON:- Method No. 1 1) Draw a square having 80mm side and within the

square draw its diagonals. 2) Using the corners of the square as centers and a

radius equal to one-half of the diagonals, Draw arcs intersecting the sides of the square. 3) Connect these points with lines, which form the

sides of the octagon.

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Method No.2 1) Draw the circle having diameter 70mm with center

O. 2) Draw the diameter AE. 3) Draw OC perpendicular to the diameter. 4) Bisect the right angle AOC. 5) The bisector cut the circumference at B. 6) Join AB and BC, which are the two sides of the

octagon. 7) Set off the other points equal to AB or BC. 8) Join the points to obtain the required octagon. Method No. 3 1) Let the line AB = 30mm. 2) 45 set square place on the edge of tee square and

draw oblique lines from A and B. 3) Along these lines measure 40mm from A and B to

obtain sides AH and BC. 4) With set square, draw 40mm vertical lines CD and

HG. Continue with the 30mm oblique lines DE and GF.

5) Complete the octagon by joining EF.

Application and Try Out: Ask questions.

Safety Precautions:

1. Draw the circles carefully.

2. Divide the circles accurately.

3. Bisect the lines precisely.

4. Construction lines should be light and thin.

Special Assignment: Draw the following figures as per instructions.

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References:

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Operation: Construction of Tangents of circles (Inside & outside). Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the tangent of the circles internally and externally. 2) Develop the skill in use of drawing instruments.

Introduction: Many machine parts have circular shape. It is therefore needed to draw the tangents internally or externally. With this practice it will easy to draw the tangents.

Materials: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet 15 x 10 (375 x 250mm).H. H3 pencils eraser and tape.

Materials: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.


1. Draw the border line and title strip after fixing

the drawing sheet.

2. Draw following three types of tangents:

A. External Tangent.

B. Internal Tangent.

C. Line Tangent.

A. External Tangent:

1. Let the radii of the circles be 40mm and 26mm

respectively and let the centers be 100mm apart.

2. Draw the 100mm line OO from the both centers of

the circles.

3. Bisect OO at A with A as centre draw the semi circle

on OO.

4. Draw a third circle with O as centre. The radius to

be the difference between the two given radii, 40 –

26 = 14nn.

5. Let B is the point where the circle cuts the semi

circle. Join O to B, and produce it to C.

6. Joint O to B. Draw O, D parallel to OC.

7. Draw a line through points C and D. This line is the

External Tangent.

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B. Internal Tangent.

1. Let the radii of the circles be 40mm and 20mm

respectively and let the centers be 100 mm apart.

2. Repeat the 2 and 3 step of above procedure.

3. Set the compass to a third radius equal to the sum

of the other two radii, 60 + 20 = 80mm.

4. With centre O, draw the arc from B to cut the semi

circle at C. Join C to O and C to O.

5. Draw O D parallel to OC.

6. Join DE for the internal tangent.

C. Line Tangent.

Draw a line tangent to a circle through a point

outside the circle.

1. Let X represents the point outside the circle.

2. Draw a line from X to the center of circle at O.

3. Bisect line OX.

4. From the intersection at C, draw a semi-circle

having a radius equal to OC. The intersection of the

semi circle O at E is the point of tangency for the

required line.

Application and Try Out: Ask questions.

Safety Precautions:

1. Draw the circles carefully. 2. Bisect the circles accurately. 3. Draw the tangent line precisely. Special Assignment: Draw the following tangents according to instructions.

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References:

41


Operation: Construction of Ellipse by four different methods. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Develop the skill for border line and title strip. 2) Construct the “Ellipse” by different methods. 3) Develop the skill in use of drawing instruments.

DESCRIPTION: When a point moves so that the sum of its distance from two fixed points, called focal points or foci, is a constant, then the locus of the point is a ellipse. The constant is major axis of the ellipse. The ellipse is a common and practical curve often encountered by the sheet metal worker. A foreshortened view of any circle or the true size and shape view of a angular cut on a cylinder will also appear as an ellipse. Ellipse is produced when the intersecting plane is inclined to the axis making greater angle with the axis and cuts the entire generator on one side of the apex. Arches, bridges, glands, stuffing boxes etc. are made approximately in elliptical shapes. There are several methods to construct an ellipse, some are given below:

1) Foci method 2) Four centre method 3) Concentric circle method 4) Parallelogram method. Materials: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet 15 x 10 (375 x 250mm).H. H3 pencils eraser and tape. Equipment: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.


Draw the borderline, title strip according to

previous practice and divide the sheet in to four

equal boxes

1. ELLIPSE BY FOCI METHOD

1. The major axis AB 100 mm and the minor axis CD 60mm are given.

2. Locate the foci by cutting axis AB with an arc using AO as the radius and C as the centre.

3. Between F1 and O lay off a number of equal points, such as five. For larger ellipses more points should be used to insure a smooth curve.

4. With A-1 as the radius and F1 F2 as centers scribe arcs at 1 and 1.

5. With B-1 as the radius and F1 F2 as centers draw arcs intersecting arcs at 1 and 1.

6. Proceed in a similar manner with the remaining points to locate intersecting arcs at 2 and 2, 3 and 3, 4 and 4 etc.

7. Connect the points formed by the intersecting arcs with an irregular curve.

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2. ELLIPSE BY FOUR CENTRE METHOD:-

1. The major axis AE and the minor axis CD is given as 100mm and 60mm.

2. With O as a centre and radius OA, draw an arc intersecting OC at F.

3. Draw line AC. 4. With C as a centre and a radius CF draw

arc-intersecting line AC at X. 5. Find the perpendicular bisector of AX so it

intersects AE at G and the extended axis CD at H.

6. Point G and H now are centers for two of the required arcs of the ellipse.

7. Lay off OK equal to OH and OM equal to OG. With M and K as centers, draw the other two arcs of the ellipse.

3. ELLIPSE BY CONCENTRIC CIRCLE METHOD:-

1. Given AE 100mm and CD 60mm as the principal axis with O as the centre.

2. With O as a centre and radius AO. Draw outer circle. Draw inner circle with CO as a radius.

3. Divide outer circle into 12 number of equal parts, at 30-degree angle.

4. From O draw radii to points on outer circle intersecting inner circle.

5. From points on outer circle draw vertical lines parallel to CD.

6. From points on inner circle draw horizontal lines parallel to AE. The intersections of the vertical and horizontal lines provide points of the ellipse.

7. Repeat the same procedure for the remaining quadrants and connect the points with an irregular curve.

4. ELLIPSE BY PARALLELOGRAM METHOD:-

1. With axis AB 100mm and CD 60mm construct a parallelogram.

2. Divide AO into any number of equal parts and AE into the same number of parts. Number these parts.

3. From D draw lines through points on AO. 4. From C draw lines to points on line AE. 5. The intersection of these lines provides

points for the ellipse. 6. Proceed in a similar manner for the

remaining quadrants and connect points with an irregular curve.

Follow the procedure, which is to be said.

Application and Try Out: Reflection of light & sound waves, antenna for Satellite Architecture and other Engineering Product.

Safety Precautions/ Care: 1. Divide the sheet in to two equal parts. 2. Before construction the ellipse, study every procedure carefully. 3. Major and minor axis should be at appropriate place. 4. Except the curve of ellipse, all other lines should be thin.

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5. Use the compass carefully to draw the circles, curves etc. Curve should be smooth proper dark and thick.

Special Assignment: Draw the following diagrams as per instructions. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

44


Operation: Construction of Parabola curve by four different methods. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Develop the skill for border line and title strip. 2) Construct the “Parabola” by different methods.

DESCRIPTION: The parabola is the locus of a point which moves so that its distances from a fixed point, called the focus and fixed straight lines called the directrix are always equal. Parabola is produced when the intersecting plane is inclined to the axis and is parallel to one of the generators. Sound and light reflectors are made in parabolic shape, vertical curves on highway and bridges arches are also made parabolic. The curve for bending movement diagram of a uniformly loaded beam is always in the form of parabola.

Materials: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15 x 10 or 375 x 250mm). H. H2. H3 pencils, sharpener Eraser, self adhesive transparent tape. Equipment: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.


A Parabola may be drawn by the following methods:-

1. Basic method 2. Parallelogram method 3. Tangent method 4. Parabolic arc method.

Draw the borderline and title strip according to previous

practice.

Divide the sheet into four equal parts.

1. PARABOLA BY BASIC OR LOCUS METHOD

1. Focus F and directrix MN is given. 2. Draw line OR through F and perpendicular to MN to

intersect MN at Z. 3. At any point E on line OR draw line XY parallel to

MN. 4. With ZE as a radius and F as the centre, draw arc

intersecting line XY at P and Q. These are points on the parabola.

5. Divide distance ZE into any number of convenient spaces and draw lines through these divisions parallel to MN.

6. Repeat step 4 using distances Z-1, Z-2, Z-3, etc. as radii and F as centre locating points on the curve.

7. The vertex V is located midway between the directrix and F on OR.

8. Draw the curve through the points located.

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2. PARABOLA BY PARALLELOGRAM METHOD

1. The rise XY and half-span XZ of the parabola is given.

2. Divide XY and XZ into the same number of equal parts.

3. From division points on line XY draw lines converging at Z.

4. From the division points on line XZ draw lines parallel to the axis ZR.

5. The corresponding intersections of these lines are the points of the parabolic curve.

6. Proceed in a similar manner to the points for the lower half of the parabola and connect points with an irregular curve.

3. PARABOLA BY TANGENT METHOD.

1. The limiting points of the parabola R and T and the tangents RS and ST is given.

2. Divide lines RS and ST into any number of equal parts and number the division as shown.

3. Draw lines connecting like numbered points such as 1 and 1, 2 and 2, 3 and 3.

4. The curve drawn tangent to these intersecting lines is the parabolic curve.

4. PARABOLA BY PARABOLIC ARC METHOD.

1. Given the point A and B assume a point C. 2. Draw the tangents CA and CB. 3. Divide the tangent CA and CB into the same number

of equal parts and number the divisions as shown. 4. Draw line connecting like numbered points such as

1 and 1, 2 and 2, 3 and 3. 5. Construct the curve using the tangent method

shown in previous method.

Application and Try Out: Reflection of light and sound waves, antenna for Satellite Architecture and other Engineering Product.

Safety Precautions/ Care:

1. Divide the sheet into four equal parts. 2. Study the procedure carefully before constructing the parabola. 3. All lines should be thin except parabolic curve. 4. Connect the lines carefully. 5. Draw the curve by making a tangent should be clear and visible. 6. Follow the said procedures.

Special Assignment: Draw the following figures.

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References:

47


Operation: Construction of Hyperbola Curve. Name Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Draw the hyperbola. 2) Develop the skill to construct the curves.

DESCRIPTION: The hyperbola is the locus of a point which moves so that the ratio of its distances from the focus and directrix is constant and greater than 1.

Hyperbola is produced when the intersecting plane makes the lesser angle with the axis and is parallel to the cone axis. It is used in some of the structures such as in the designing of cams, threads of scroll chucks and devices.

Materials/ Equipment: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15 x 10 or 375 x 250mm). H. H2. H3 pencils, sharpener Eraser, self adhesive transparent tape. Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.


Method to construct a Hyperbola.

1. Given foci F1 and F2 and the transverse axis RS. 2. Extend transverse axis to any convenient distance

such as Z. 3. Lay off on SZ any number of points. 4. With S-Z as a radius and F2 as the centre, strike arcs

at M and N. 5. With R-Z as a radius and F1 as the centre strike arcs

to intersect arcs at M and N. 6. Proceed in a similar manner for points 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.

on the transverse axis. The points formed by the intersecting arcs represent the required curve of the hyperbola.

Draw hyperbolic curve by other methods as instructed by Instructor.

Application and Try Out: Designing of cams, threads of scroll chucks and some other similar devices.


1. Divide the sheet into two equal parts. 2. Study the procedure carefully before constructing the parabola and Spiral. 3. Hyperbola curve should be drawn free hand. 4. Use compass carefully to construct the arcs.


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References:

49

References:

50

OPERATION SHEET NO 19

Operation: Construction of Archimedean Spiral Curve. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 2) Construct the spiral. 3) Develop the skill to construct the curves.

DESCRIPTION: A spiral is a curve generated when a point moves away from a fixed point so that its distance increases uniformly with the angle. It is used in designing the cams, threads of scroll chucks and some other similar devices.

Materials/ Equipment: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15 x 10 or 375 x 250mm). H. H2. H3 pencils, sharpener

Eraser, self adhesive transparent tape. Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.


Method to draw Archimedean Spiral.

1. Given an angle of 30 with a circle of 144mm

diameter with centre O.

2. Form point O layout a series of equal angles of 30

and draw radial lines.

3. Divide one of the radial lines OG into the same

number of parts as there are radial liens.

4. Rotate the points on OG to the corresponding radial

lines.

5. Connect points with an irregular curve.

Application and Try Out: Designing the cams, threads of scroll chucks and some other similar devices.


1. Study the procedure carefully before constructing the Spiral. 2. Spiral curve should be drawn free hand. 3. Use compass carefully to construct the arcs. Special Assignment: Draw the following figures.

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References:

52


Operation: Construction of Involutes Curve of Square/rectangle, hexagon and circle. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Develop the skill to construct the geometrical figures and curves. 2) Draw the involutes of circle, square, triangle and hexagon.

DESCRIPTION: Mathematically an involute is a spiral curve made by a point on a perfectly taut string as it unwinds

form around a shape such as a circle or polygon etc. It is used to form the outlines of the gear teeth and certain fine

instrument for example watches clocks etc.

Materials/ Equipment: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15 x 10 or 375 x 250mm). H. H2. H3 pencils, sharpener

Eraser, self adhesive transparent tape. Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.


1) Involutes of a circle.

1. Given circle O having 50mm dia. 2. Divide circles into 12 numbers of equal parts and

number the parts. 3. Draw tangents to the circle at each point. 4. On each tangent step off the length of the

corresponding arc division such as 1-12 on tangent line 1-A, 2-12 on tangent line 2-B, 3-12 on tangent line 3-C, etc.

5. Connect the points with an irregular curve with the compass.

2) Involutes of a Triangle.

1. Draw an equilateral triangle LMN having base 30mm.

2. Mark the numbers and extend the lines M-L N-M, L-N.

3. With L as centre and radius LN scribe on arc intersecting the extended line at ML at l.

4. With M as centre and radius M-L scribe an arc intersecting the extended line NM at 2.

5. Continue this procedure and determine points 3 using radii N-2.

6. The connecting arcs determine the involutes of triangle.

3) Involutes of a Square/Rectangle:

1. Draw square LMNO having base 10mm. 2. With 1. As centre and radius 1O. Scribe an arc

intersecting line 1.M at 1. 3. With M as a centre and radius M-1 scribe an arc

intersecting the extended line NM at 2. 4. Continue it and determine points 3 and 4 5. The connecting arcs determine the involutes of the

rectangle.

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4) Involutes of a Hexagon:

1. Draw the hexagon by compass method having base

25mm.

2. Repeat the same procedure as involutes of a

square.

Application and Try Out: The flank of most gear teeth has involutes profile.


1) Divide the drawing sheet into two equal parts. 2) Draw only two involutes in class room. Other two are to be drawn at home as home assignment. 3) Mark the figures carefully. 4) Scribe the arc carefully and accurately. 5) Involutes curve should be smooth and equal thickness.


54


References: 1. Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 (Text book) 2. Drafting and Graphics by Giacheno and Beukema.

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OPERATION SHEET NO 21

Operation: Construction of Cycloid, epicycloids and hypocycloid. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 2) Construct the Cycloid, epicycloids and hypocycloid. 3) Develop the skill to construct the curves.

DESCRIPTION: Cycloid curve define as the locus of a point on the circumference of a cylinder which rolls without slip along a flat surface. An Epicycloids rolls without slip around the outside of another circle and Hypocycloid rolls without slip around the inside of another circle.

Materials/ Equipment: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15 x 10 or 375 x 250mm). H. H2. H3 pencils, sharpener Eraser, self adhesive transparent tape. Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.


Method to draw Cycloid curve

1. Generating circle and straight line AB is given. 2. Divide the circle into 12 numbers of equal divisions. 3. Divide line AB (equal to circumference) into 12

equal divisions. 4. Draw vertical lines from point 1’ to 5’ to intersect

with the horizontal line from center of the circle. 5. H as centre draw an arc L equal to the radius of

circle to intersect horizontal line projected from 1. 6. Repeat the same, G as centre draw the arc K to

intersect the horizontal line projected from 2. 7. Now F as centre draw arc J to intersect horizontal

line projected from 3. 8. Repeat the same E & D as centre draw arc P” and P’

to intersect the horizontal line projected from 4 & 5.

9. Repeat the same method in the right half of the figure.

10. Draw the required Cycloid tangent to these arcs. Note: - Other curves may be drawn in similar manners.

Application and Try Out: These curves are used to form the outlines of the certain gear teeth.


1. Study the procedure carefully before constructing these curves. 2. Curves should be drawn free hand. 3. Use compass carefully to construct the arcs. 4. Carefully uses the center line as centre for making the arcs.

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Special Assignment: Draw the following figures. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

57


Operation: Different types of drawing lines. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Draw the alphabet of lines. ii) Identify the various lines used in engineering drawing. iii) Draw the different grades, weight and shape of lines used in mechanical engineering drawing.

Introduction: Engineering drawing is the main method of communication between all persons concerned with design and manufacture of components, building and construction of works and carrying out engineering projects. For this communications, recommended lines are used which interpret the meaning of designer. All lines should be of proper intensity, weight, neat and clean so that the drawing may have good appearance, neatness and cleanliness. If the line work is clear and correct, the drawing will have good appearance. Hence care must be taken to improve the line work.

Materials: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15" × 10" or 375mm × 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencils, sharpener, eraser, self adhesive transparent tape.

Equipment: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square and sharpener.


PROCEDURE:- 1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table/board.

2. Draw the border line and title strip as illustrated.

3. Divide the sheet into 12 equal parts, from left to

right four divisions and up to down three divisions

precisely.

4. Draw each line in a box at least for five times with

proper weight and shape using proper pencil

as illustrated in the figures and instructed by the

instructor.

Application and Try Out: Drawing can be communicate by these lines

Safety Precautions:

1. Every line must be constructed with proper pencil. 2. Sharp the pencil lead before drawing the liens. 3. In every division draw the lines at least five times with the appropriate distance between them. 4. Long and short dashes must be of proper size. 5. Draw the arrowheads perfectly touching to extension lines.

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Special Assignment: Draw the following lines as per instructions.

62


References:

63

OPERATION SHEET NO.23 (A)

Operation: Orthographic Projection, 1st. angle wooden block-1 Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Draw the orthographic views of a simple block in first angle projection. ii) Understand the theory of first angle projection. iii) Understand the measurement on pictorial view.

Introduction: It is difficult to carry out an operation such as drilling on a round surface object as it cannot be easily clamped and is liable to rotation while the operation is being performed. A V-block is emplaced to hold such objects by placing the job in the v-shaped slot. Some Times Square slot type blocks (Slide blocks) are used to slide the machine part.


Equipment: Drawing table / drawing bard, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.


PROCEDURE:- 1. Sketch the borderlines and letter the title strip on

drawing sheet.

2. Divide the sheet according to the given dimensions

using first angle system of projection.

3. Erase the extra lines.

4. Draw the front view looking in the direction of

arrow “F1” and side views, in the direction of arrow

“EE” and top view in the direction of arrow “P” as

shown in the pictorial view.

5. Dimension and label the views.

6. Check the views with pictorial view and remove error

if any.

Application and Try Out: Projection theory is important for communication

Safety Precautions:

1. Drawing board and instrument be neat and clean. 2. Proper pencils are to be used.

64

Special Assignment: Draw the multi view drawings from the given block. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

65

OPERATION SHEET NO.23 (B)

Operation: Orthographic Projection, 3rd angle, wooden block-1 Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ I) draw the orthographic views of a simple block in third angle projection. ii) Understand the measurement of pictorial view.

Introduction: Description of third angle projection has already been discussed in previous activities.




PROCEDURE:- 1. Sketch the borderlines and letter the title strip

on drawing sheet.

2. Divide the drawing sheet to locate the position of

views as shown in drawing.


4. Draw the front view of the block looking in the

direction “FE”

5. Draw the side view looking in the direction “EE”

6. Complete the top view with the help or

projections.


8. Check the views and remove error if any.

Application and Try Out: Orthographic projection is important for communication

Safety Precautions:

1. Drawing board and instruments be neat and clean. 2. Proper pencils are to be used.

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Special Assignment: Draw the multi view drawing from the given block. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

67


Operation: Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.2 A, B Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Draw the orthographic views of STEP BLOCK in 1st. & 3rd angle projection. ii) Dimension and placement of views properly.

Introduction: In first angle the top view of the Step Block will be under the front view and side view will be opposite of the viewer at the same line of front view.




PROCEDURE:-

1. Fix the drawing sheet and draw border line and

title strip.

2. Divide the sheet according to the dimensions.


4. Construct the front view at top left position

looking in the direction “FE”

5. Construct the side view at top right position

looking in the direction “EE”

6. Construct the top view at left bottom position

looking in the direction “P”

7. Complete all the three views.

8. Write the dimensions, view names and

complete the title strip.


Safety Precautions:

1. Drawing board and instruments be neat and clean. 2. Proper pencils are to be used. 3. Space the views properly.

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Special Assignment: Draw the multi view drawing from the given blocks. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

69


Operation: Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.3 A, B Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Draw the orthographic views of the given block in 1st & 3rd angle projection. ii) Understand the measurement of pictorial view.

Introduction: Description of first angle projection has already been discussed in previous activities.




PROCEDURE:- 1. Draw the borderlines and letter the title strip on

drawing sheet.

2. Divide the sheet to locate the position of views as

shown in drawing.


4. Draw the front view of the block looking in the

direction “FE”

5. Draw the side view of the block looking in the

direction “EE”

6. Draw the top view of the block looking in the

direction “P”

7. Complete the side and top view the help of

projection.




Safety Precautions:

1. Drawing board and instruments be neat and clean. 2. Proper pencils are to be used. 3. Space the views properly

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References:

71


Operation: Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.4 A,B Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Placement of views properly. ii) Draw the orthographic views of the given block in 1st & 3rd angle projection. iii) Dimension the views.

Introduction: In the first angle the top view of the T Slide Block will be under the front view and side view will be opposite of the viewer at the same line of front view.




PROCEDURE:-

1. Fix the drawing sheet and draw border line and title

strip.

2. Divide the paper according to the dimension.


4. Construct the views in boxes. Front View at top left.

Top View at bottom left and Side View at Top Right

position.

5. Complete the three views accordingly.

6. Write the dimensions, view names and complete the

title strip.

7. Check and remove error if any.

Application and Try Out: Orthographic projection is important for communication

Safety Precautions:

1. Drawing board and instruments be neat and clean. 2. Proper pencils are to be used. 3. Space the views properly.

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References:

73


Operation: Orthographic Project, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.5 A,B Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Draw the orthographic views of the given block in 1st. & 3rd angle projection . ii) Understand dimension the views in 1st & 3rd angle projection.

Introduction: Description of first angle projection has already been discussed in previous activities.





drawing sheet.


shown in drawing.


4. Draw the front view of the block at left top position.

5. Draw the side view of the block at top right position.

6. Draw the Top view of the block at bottom left

position.

7. Complete the Side and Top view with the help of

projections.

8. Dimensions and label the views.



Safety Precautions:

1. Drawing board and instruments be neat and clean. 2. Proper pencils are to be used. 3. Space the views properly

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References:

75


Operation: Orthographic Projection and Isometric drawing-1 Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Visualize multi view and construction of isometric drawing. ii) Understand the steps for construction of isometric drawing. iii) Construct & identify the isometric drawing of simple objects.

Introduction: Isometric drawing is a type of pictorial drawing and effective means of communicating ideas. In isometric drawing the three axes are spaced 120o apart. To draw an isometric a 30 o – 60 o triangle is needed. The depth or width length is laid at 30 o and height is taken at 90 o with base line.




PROCEDURE:- Orthographic Views: Draw three views of given object in 1st angle as

shown previously.

Isometric Drawing No.1

1. Draw two views of the object taking suitable sizes as instructed.

2. Make a block of overall sizes taking “H” on 90o, and D and W on 30 o.

3. Locate WI and HI and draw construction lines. 4. Strengthen all visible lines to complete the view.

Isometric Drawing No.2

1. Draw two views of the object taking suitable sizes as instructed.

2. Draw block taking overall dimensions using light construction line taking length and width on 30o and height on 90 o.

3. Draw constriction lines taking WI. DI and H1 inlight weight construction lines.

4. Draw final object lines to complete the view.

Application and Try Out: Isometric drawing is important for quick communication and very useful for unskilled workers.

Safety Precautions:

1. Draw neat, thin and light construction and projection lines. 2. Strengthen the final line by using proper pencils. 3. Space the views properly

77

Special Assignment: Draw the isometric drawing from the given orthographic drawings.

78


References:

79


Operation: Orthographic Projection & Isometric Drawing – II Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Draw the orthographic views of slide block in first angle projection. ii) Understand the use of compass and reading of diameter.

Introduction: Description of projections has already been discussed in previous activities.





drawing sheet.


shown in drawing.


4. Draw the front view of the slide block looking

the figure (a) at top left position.

5. Draw the side view of the slide block looking the

figure (a) at top right position.

6. Complete the top view with the help of

projections drawn from front view and side view.



Application and Try Out: It is important for quick communication

Safety Precautions:

1. Drawing board and instruments be neat and clean. 2. Proper pencils are to be used.

80

Special Assignment: Draw the isometric drawing from the given orthographic drawings.

81


References:

82


Operation: Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing – I Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Visualize multi views for construction of oblique drawing. ii) Understand steps for constructing oblique drawing. iii) Construct oblique drawing of simple object.

Introduction: Oblique drawing is a type of pictorial in which two axes are always perpendicular to each other while the third, receding axis is at some convenient angle such as 30o, 45 o or 60 o with the horizontal. It has advantages over isometric drawing such as:- i) Circular or irregular outlines on the front face show in their true shape. ii) Greater choice is possible in the selection of the positions of the axis etc.




PROCEDURE:- 1. Take suitable size as instructed.

2. Construct a box using overall dimensions of height,

widths and depth with light construction lines.

3. Draw receding axes at 30o /450and measures the

depth dimension in true length.

4. To complete the oblique drawing, finish it with

strengthened object lines.

Application and Try Out: Oblique views are mostly used in furniture making

Safety Precautions:

1. Draw neat, thin and light construction lines. 2. Use proper pencils for different types of lines and lettering.

83

Special Assignment: Draw the oblique drawings from the orthographic drawing.

84


References:

85


Operation: Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing – II Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Select view for drawing in true shape. ii) Choose suitable angle for receding lines. iii) Construct oblique draw of objects having circular or irregular shapes.

Introduction: Major advantage of oblique is that circular features can be drawn as true circles when they are parallel to picture plane. The circles are connected with tangent lines parallel to the axis. Hidden lines are omitted. The same principles are used to construct an object with semicircular or irregular features.




PROCEDURE:- 1. Draw two views of the given object.

2. Select view having circular features to draw in true

shape.

3. Select receding axis angle with horizontal (30o is

being used in this activity)

4. Draw front view (with circular effects) is true shape

and size.

5. Draw receding lines and measure the depth

dimensions of each.

6. Draw arc on the rear face.

7. Strengthen the object lines and draw the tangent

of circle and arc with 30o triangle.

Application and Try Out: Oblique views are mostly used in furniture making

Safety Precautions:

1. Construction work must be neat, clean, thin and light. 2. Object lines must be prominent. 3. Use proper pencils to obtain good results.

86

Special Assignment: Draw the oblique drawings from the orthographic drawing. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

87


Operation: Construction of One Point Perspective Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Develop the skill to draw the parallel perspective. ii) Write the step by step procedure of making parallel perspective. Introduction: Ask some question to show the chart and model of Perspective. Materials: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15" × 10" or 375mm × 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencils, sharpener, eraser, self adhesive transparent tape. Equipment: Drawing table / drawing bard, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.


PROCEDURE:- How to draw a parallel or one point perspective The steps in making a one point perspective are as

follows (see Fig.) 1. Draw the ground line GL and on it layout the front

view of the object. 2. Locate the picture plane PP and on it draw the

top view of the object. 3. Draw the horizon line at any convenient distance

from the ground line. 4. Locate the station point so that the cone of visual rays will enclose the object at an angle not greater than 30o. 5. From the station point, draw a vertical line to the

horizon which provides the vanishing point VP. 6. Draw visual ray lines from the station point to all

the top points in the top view. 7. Extend vertical lines downward from the bottom

points of the top view as well as where the visual ray lines intersect the picture plane line.

8. Project horizontal lines from the front view to interest the vertical lines from the top view.

9. Extend lines from the front perspective view to the vanishing point.

10. The intersection of the horizontal lines from the front view with the vertical lines from the top view and the lines extending from the front perspective view to the vanishing point will provide the required shape of the one point perspective drawing.


a) To show the actual drawing of a model. b) To show the view to the model makers.

Safety Precautions:

1. Draw the front and top views of proper places. 2. Select station point on a suitable place. 3. Project the lines accurately and lightly. 4. Meet the points and draw the view precisely.

88

Special Assignment: Draw the following one point perspective drawing according to instructions. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

89


Operation:- Construction of Two Point Perspective. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Draw the Angular perspective diagram. ii) Write the procession of making of Angular Perspective.

Introduction: Ask some questions show the chart and transparencies etc.




PROCEDURE:-

Draw the border line with H. Pencil according to the previous practice.

Draw the title block. How to draw a two point perspective To prepare a two point perspective, proceed as follows. See fig 1. Draw the ground line GL. The horizon and picture

plane PP. 2. Draw a front view of the object on the ground line

and a top view o. n the picture plane. Revolve the top view at any convenient angle on the picture plane

3. Locate the two vanishing points by first drawing lines from SP to PP so they are parallel to the edge lines of the top view. Then drop perpendiculars from the picture plane line to the horizon.

4. Draw visual ray lines from SP to the essential features of the top view.

5. From the points where the visual ray lines intersect the picture plane line, drop vertical projects to intersect the lines drawn to the vanishing points.

Application and Try Out: - Very important to show the preliminary model sketching of a building in Architecture.

Safety Precautions:

1. Draw the front and top view at proper place. 2. Select the station point on a suitable place. 3. Project the lines accurately. 4. Meet the points and draw the views perfectly.

Special Assignment: Draw the following two point perspective drawing according to instructions.

90


References:

91


Operation: Construction of Multi view drawing of “Gland for stuffing box.” Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Draw the three views of the gland. ii) Understand the views of the gland. iii) Show the interior detail of the object with hidden lines.

Introduction: The gland is the main member of the stuffing box. Stuffing boxes are needed to prevent the leakage of steam or water where a reciprocating or rotating rod passes through the cover of a casing containing fluid under pressure.




PROCEDURE:- 1. Draw borderlines and letter the title strip.

2. Locate the positions of views from auxiliary

dimensions as given on drawing

3. Draw outside views first and suggest dotted lines

which will appear as invisible.

4. Erase external lines which have been cut away.

5. Section the surfaces in contact with the cutting

plane and draw a cutting plane line in the top view.



9. Darken the lines according to their standard weights.

Application and Try Out: It is important in auto mobile work.

Safety Precautions:

1. Hidden line are usually omitted from sectional views, however, they are drawn as an aid in dimensioning. 2. Proper pencils are to be used.

Special Assignment: Draw the orthographic views from the given blocks.

92


References:

93

OPERATION SHEET NO.35+36

Operation:- Construction of Multi view drawing of simple bearing. Name: - Amjad Elahi Construction of Multi view drawing of open bearing. Technology Mechanical

Subject: - MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1 Time 150 +150 min

Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Draw the three views of simple bearing and open bearing. ii) Understand which quarter of an open bearing is imagined as removed.

Introduction: It is a device used to support the rotating shafts, which are used to transmit power. Simple/Open bearing is that type of bearing in which no covering plates or cap is placed to hold the shaft. The projected sides of the accommodating hole do not permit shaft to come out from the bearing.




PROCEDURE:- 1. Draw border lines and letter the title strip.

2. Locate the positions of front view side view and top

view by measuring distances as shown.

3. Start drawing the front view at top left, side view at

right side and top view at the bottom of front view

as per dimensions.

4. Finish center liens and dimension the views.

5. Finish rounds, fillets and semi-circle, then darken the

liens.

6. Label the views and check the drawing.

Application and Try Out: Bearing is important for supporting the shafts.

Safety Precautions:

1. Increase of vertical distribution of sheet, width of object is takes above and height below to get third angle projection system.

2. Proper pencils are to be used. 3. Draw the semi circle first then draw vertical line meeting with its centre lines. 4. Draw the circle / curves carefully.

Special Assignment: Draw the orthographic views from the given blocks.

94


References:

95


Operation:- Missing Lines and Portion on given views – 1 Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Understand the given views. ii) Complete the missing view with the help of missing lines and given two views.

Introduction: When two views of an object are given, the third one may be located with the help of projection lines from the given views, for example, side view can be located by taking projections from the front and top views.


Equipment: Drawing table / drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.


PROCEDURE:- 1. Draw the margin lines and letter the title strip.

2. Draw the given two views.

3. Label points on the given views.

4. Draw the projection lines from the given views.

5. Joint the respective projection lines and find the

position of 3rd view.


Application and Try Out: Missing lines and views strengthen the imagination of projection theory.

Safety Precautions:

1. Draw neat, thin and light construction and projection lines. 2. Strengthen the final lines by using proper pencils.

Special Assignment: Draw the following missing lines and views.

96


References:

97


Operation:- Missing Lines and Portion on given views – II Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Understand the given views. ii) Complete the missing view with the help of missing lines and given two views.

Introduction: When two views of an object are given, the third one may be located with the help of projection lines from the given views, for example, side view can be located by taking projections from the front and top views.




PROCEDURE:- 1. Draw the margin lines and letter the title strip.

2. Draw the given two views.

3. Label points on the given views.

4. Draw the projection lines from the given views.

5. Joint the respective projection lines and find the

position of 3rd view.


Application and Try Out: To improve the concept of multi view drawing missing lines

And missing views are important.

Safety Precautions:

1. Draw neat, thin and light construction and projection lines. 2. Strengthen the final lines by using proper pencils.

Special Assignment: Draw the following missing lines and views.

98


References:

99


Operation: - Development of Prism – I Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Identify prism and its terminology. ii) Draw development of prism.(any type)

Introduction: A layout of the complete surface of an object is called development. The development of an object bounded by plane surfaces such as prism and pyramid may be thought of as being obtained by the turning the object. Making surface development is an important part of industrial drafting. Many familiar items are made with them, such as pipes, ducts, parts of air craft, automobile, storage tanks, cabinets, office steel furniture, boxes, cartons, food packages and other items. Material used includes paper, cardboard, plastics steel, tin, copper, G.I and brass sheet, etc.




PROCEDURE:- 1. Draw two views, front view and top views, of

rectangular prism (A).

2. Label the sides of the base/face of prism as 1-2, 2-3,

3-4, and 4-1.

3. Stretch the base line of front view (B).

4. Mark the sides of the base on line ‘B’ taking true

sizes from top view.

5. Draw perpendicular from each point i.e. 1,2,3,4 and

1.

6. Project the height of the prism from front view.

Application and Try Out: Used in sheet metal and packaging industries.

Safety Precautions: 1. Take true size for development. 2. Show all construction works, which is light, neat and clean.

Special Assignment: Draw the following development of prism.

100


References:

101


Operation:- Development of Hexagonal Prism – II Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Apply the procedure of parallel line development. ii) Develop any right prism.

Introduction: Before developing the lateral surface of a prism, the true length of the edges and true size of right sections must be determined. The lateral surface is 'unfolded' by first drawing a ‘stretch out line’ and marking out width of faces from the top view, along it in succession, from which perpendicular lines are draw to get projection of height on it.




PROCEDURE:- 1. Draw top view and view of the object.

2. Stretch out the base line and mark width of face 1-

2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6 and 6-1 on it.

3. Stretch the base line of front view (B).

4. Mark the sides of the base on line ‘B’ taking true

sizes from top view.

5. Draw perpendicular from each point i.e. 1,2,3,4,5,6

and 1.

6. Project the height of the prism from front view.

Application and Try Out: Pipes, ducts, storage tanks, steel furniture’s, food packaging, cartons, and paper industries used development of various types.

Safety Precautions:

1. All measurements must be true. 2. Show construction with the help of neat, clean and light construction line. 3. All folds must be drawn in object lines.

Special Assignment: Draw the following development of cylinder.

102


References:

103


Operation: Development of Cylinder Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ 1) Identify the terminology of Cylinder.

2) Develop development of right Cylinder

Introduction:- When the lateral surface of right cylinder is rolled out on a plane, the base develops into a straight line. The length of this line is equal to circumference of right section of cylinder (22/7 x diameter). The cylinder is developed in manner similar for development of right prism.

Material:- Quarter imperial size drawing sheet ( 15x10 or 375mm x 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencil, sharpener, eraser and self adhesive transparent tape.

Equipment: - Drawing table/drawing board, tee square, set square, compass and divider.

Procedure Key points

1. Draw front view and top view of cylinder.

2. Stretch base line of front view

3. Mark it equal to circumference

4. Draw perpendicular from edges of marked

5. Stretch out the height by taking projection from

front view

6. Strengthen the development with object line

Application and Try Out: used in many geometrical works.

Safety Precautions:

1. Construction work is to be shown in proper lines. 2. Use proper pencil for better line work. 3. All folds must be drawn in object lines

104

Special Assignment: Draw the Development cylinder. Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

References:

105


Operation: Development of Cone. Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Identify the terminology of right cone. ii) Develop the lateral surface

Introduction: - The development of a regular right circular cone is a sector of a circle. The development has a radius equal to slant height of the cone and an included angle at the centre equal to r/s x 360o. In this equation R is the radius and s is slant height. The right cone may b developed by dividing the base into equally spaced elements in the top vie and by projecting these on the base in the front view. Material: - Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15x10 or 375mm x 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencil, sharpener, eraser and self adhesive transparent tape.



Draw top view and front view of the cone

1. Draw an arc taking radius equal to slant height. 2. Calculate the angle at centre using formula

Q=r/sx360 (r= radius of the base and , s= slant height)

3. Mark the angle Q and finish the development with object lines.

4. Divide base (Top view) into equal parts. 5. Project these parts in front view. 6. Construction an arc taking radius equal to slant

height. 7. Mark 12 parts 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 to 12-01) on arc. 8. Finish the development by strengthening the out

lines of development as object line.

Application and Try out Widely used in Pipe and sheet metal industry, Paper industry, Packaging etc

Safety Precautions / Care 1. Show all construction lines in thin and light shape. 2. Drawing must be neat and clean. 3. Drawing must be visible.

Special Assignment: Draw the development as per instructions.

106


References:

107

OPERATION SHEET NO. 43, 44

Operation: - Development of Pyramid – 1 & 2 Name: - Amjad Elahi


Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________ i) Identify the terminology of pyramid.

ii) Construct true length diagram iii) Develop development of right pyramid

Introduction: - To develop the lateral surface of right pyramid. It is first necessary to determine the true length of the edges and the true size of the base. After this the development may be constructed by laying out the faces in successive order with their common edges joined.

Material: - Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15x10 or 375mm x 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencil, sharpener, eraser and self adhesive transparent tape.



1. Draw top view and front view of the right pyramid. 2. Draw a horizontal line aH1 from vertex/apex point

in top view. 3. From centre aH and radius aH1 cut horizontal line at

1. 4. Project 1 to lr on the stretched base line. 5. Joint AF and lr to get true length. 6. Take a centre point AD and construct an arc of AF

(true Length) radius. 7. Mark 1D-2D=1-2, 2D-3D=3-4 and 4D-1D=4-1 with

the help of compass. 8. Join AD, 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D and 1D to make four

triangles, the development.

Note : Similarly draw a Hexagonal pyramid

Fig.

Application and Try out Pipe and sheet metal industry, Paper industry, Packaging etc

Safety Precautions / Care 1. Show all construction lines in thin and light shape. 2. Drawing must be neat and clean. 3. Development must be visible.

Special Assignment: Draw the development as per instructions.

108


References:


CAD-I

(AutoCAD)

MT-163

LESSON PLANS

Table of Contents

Introductory of auto CAD 1

Introduction of auto CAD (user interface) 3

User interface (layer management) 5

Drawing and edit 7

Drawing and editing 9

Draw and Edit 11

Layers 13

Dimensions and symbols 15

Dimension and Symbols 17

Drawing Layout 19

1

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 01 Introductory of auto CAD Name: Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Basic Eng. Drawing & CAD 1 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1) Introduce the student with auto CAD 2) Give meaning and history of auto CAD 3) Need of auto CAD in modern SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors 1. Explain word auto CAD 2. Previous version of auto CAD 3. Importance of auto CAD 4. Different coordinate systems

Time allocated



1. Introduction of auto CAD:-

2. Meaning of auto CAD:-

3. History of CAD:-

Software used to make drawing

on computer

Auto for auto desk(a drawing software making company) as Microsoft

CAD means computer aid drafting/ design

Previous version of CAD

2

Time allocated



4. Importance of auto CAD

5. Coordinate systems

6. Summary of lesson 01

Need of cad due to the following reasons in work quality Faster , accurate, modifiable, saving time labor speed , neatness of duplication, design calculations, standardized drawings, Absolute coordinates, rotate coordinate system, relative polar coordinates, direct distance entry Write down the steps for making above drawing in all four coordinate systems.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work: Meaning of auto CAD ___________ Name different coordinate systems? ___________ Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) Make an assignment of the comparison of coordinate systems______ _________________________________________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- A power point presentation of auto CAD and projector_____________ _________________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Auto CAD 2010 by auto desk _______ Auto CAD _2010 TUTORIAL first level 2D fundamental_________

3

LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 02 Introduction of auto CAD (user interface) Name: Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Time:

Basic drawing and CAD 1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1) Familiarize the student with CAD 2) Achieve ability to draw simple drawing.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors 1. Explain the user interface 2. Knowledge about template. 3. Lawyers and their uses.

Time allocated



User interface Parts of user interface

Similar look to auto CAD Application menu and quick access toolbar.

Ribbon

Drawing area

Command window

Status bar

Info center and

Menu bar

Work space

4

Time allocated



Add or remove tabs

Panels

2-Template

Purpose and benefit of drawing

temple file

Create a new template file

Panel visibility

Panel tool visibility

Definition

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work: 1) Describe the parts of user interface ____________ 2) Define the template and its purpose ____________ Special Assignment:- (Usually home work)

Draw user interface and label its parts ___________________ ____________________________________________________

Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector_________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Auto CAD mechanical 2010 (auto desk official training guide) ______ ___

5

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 03 User interface (layer management) Name: Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Time: Engineering drawing and CAD1

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1) Describe the layer management 2) Explain the process for managing layer using mechanical layer management

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors

Time allocated



Layer management Layer manages options

Current layer

Make a layer current

Turn a layer current

Turn a layer on or off

Freeze layer

Definition and purpose How layer management system works

6

Time allocated



Lock or unlock layer

Make a layer potable or non potable

Move object from one layer to another

Make a layer current by selecting an object

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work: Description about layer manager ______ _____ __________________________________________________________ Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) State layer management ______ ___________________________________________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector _____________ ___________________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Auto CAD 2010(Autodesk) ______ ___________________________________________________________

7

LESSON PLAN

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 04 Drawing and edit Name: Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Time:

Engineering drawing and CAD 1 GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1) Understand the object snap 2) Understand the object properties SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors

1. 2.

Concept of object snap Understand object properties

Matric with science

Time allocated



Object snap

Auto snaps

Object snap settings End point

Mid point

Concept To specify precise location objects E.g. Draw a line from the center of a circle Provides a visual clue Explain the settings Show on multimedia projector

8

Time allocated



Center

Node

Quadrant

Intersection

Extension

Perpendicular etc Object properties

Color

Layer

Line weight

Definition

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work: What do you mean by object snap? _____________ ___________________________________________________________ Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector _______________ ___________________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Auto CAD 2010(auto desk) ______ __________________________________________________________

9

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 05 Drawing and editing Name: Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Time: Drawing and CAD 1

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- After completing lecture students will Understand the function of different draw Commands

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors Learning about 1.draw lines, arcs , rectangle 2.draw ellipse and elliptical arcs 3.draw polygon like hexagon 4.draw poly lines and do nut

Time allocated



Introduction about draw command Function of following draw commands

Line

Arc

Rectangle

Ellipse and elliptical arc

Show Icons To draw a straight line between

points

To draw curved lines between points

Draw rectangle and square with many options

To draw ellipse or elliptical arc.

10

Time allocated



Polygon

Poly lines

Donut

Spine

Circle

Ray

M line

X line

To draw polygons of any number of sides Draw two dimensional poly lines To draw inner and outer dia circle Draw quadratic or cubic spline To draw circle with many options To draw an infinite line around a point on 360 Draw multiple parallel lines To draw an infinite lines

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work: Ask about the function of different draw commands? ______ __________________________________________________________ Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector ___________________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Auto CAD 2010(auto desk) ___________________________________________________________

11

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 06 Draw and Edit Name: Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Time: Engineering drawing and CAD 1

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- 1) Know use of editing commands SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors

1. 2. 3.

Move , copy, offset, break Fillet, chamfer, trim, extend Erase, stretch, rotate, mirror

4. Array, scale, measure, divide

Time allocated



Function of editing commands State the following editing commands Move

Copy

Offset

Break

erase

To remove the object from the present position to the new one. To make multiple copies of an existing object To draw parallel lines, concentric circles, arcs, curves, rectangles To break an object from one or many locations and break between two points. To erase the selected object

12

Time allocated



Fillet

Chamfer

Extend

Rotate

Mirror

Array

Scale

divide

To make smooth round arc to connect two points To make taper corners avoiding sharp corners To extend lines up to a given location To rotate any object on any angle about 360 To make a mirrored object from any line To make a multiple copies an x and y axis or polar 360 (rectangular or circular) To change the size of an object The divide command is used to Divide and object into no of segments without breaking.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work: Function of different editing commands _____________ ___________________________________________________________ Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector ______ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Auto CAD (auto desk) ______ ___________________________________________________________

13

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 07 Layers __ Name: Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Time: Engineering and drawing CAD 1

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- Describe the creation and modifying layer


1. 2.

Set up layer and assign color and line type to them

Time allocated



Concept of layers

Creating new layers

Assigning line type or color

Concept of overlays in manual drafting

Different details on different sheets or overlays

Placed a top of each other complete

In auto cad instead of overlays you use layers

Select a new button

A new layer with name layer and having properties is created

Can change or edit layer name by selecting and editing a new name

You can assign the line type to dress and any color to a new layer

14

Time allocated



Making a layer current

Controlling display of layers

Deleting layers

Selective display of layer

Setting layer from command line

Select the name of the desired layer and then select the current button You can control the display of layer by selecting the layer and then selecting the on / off , flow / freeze, unlock/ lock, toggle icons of any layer

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work: Explain the function of layers? _____________ ___________________________________________________________ Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector ______ __________________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Auto CAD by Autodesk ______ ___________________________________________________________

15

LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 08 Dimensions and symbols Name: Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Time: Drawing and CAD1

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- Understand the need of dimensioning in drawing SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors

1. 2.

3.

Fundamental dimensioning terms Select dimensioning command in auto CAD Create, linear, aligned, rotated, baseline, and continue dimensions

Time allocated



Need for dimensioning Dimensioning in auto CAD Dimensioning terms Selecting dimensioning commands

Definition

Make designs more informative and practical

Auto cad calculate the size itself

Dimension lines

Dimension text

Arrows

Extension lines

Leader

Center marks and center lines

16

Time allocated



Linear dimensioning

Horizontal and vertical dimensioning

Aligned dimensioning

Baseline dimensioning

Continue dimensioning

Angular dimensioning

Center marks and center lines

Diameter dimensioning

Drawing loader lines

Inclined objects not parallel to x or y-axis

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work: What is dimensioning & its techniques. ____________

____________________________________________________ Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia Projector ______ ___________________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Auto CAD (Auto desk) ______ ___________________________________________________________

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 09 Dimension and Symbols Name: Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Time: GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- Understand the editing in Dimensioning and create Symbols


1. 2. 3.

Edit Dimensions Stretch, Extend and Trim Dimension Update Dimensions

Matric With Science

4. Annotations and Symbols

Time allocated



Editing Dimensions

Edit Multiple Dimensions

Stretching Objects with dimensions

Arranging Dimensions

Aligning Dimensions

Edit, Stretch, Arrange, Align, Join and Break Dimensions Move Existing Dimensions Validate and modify Dimensions We can modify multiple dimensions We can create a selection set of dimensions and edit them together. We can modify the length or positions of dimensions objects. Used to rearrange linear and coordinate dimensions. Can align dimensions lines arrow heads and text for group of dimensions.

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Time allocated



Breaking dimension lines

Joining Dimensions

Splitting Dimensions

Annotations and symbols

With Break command, Break Crossing dimensions lies Can combine multiple dimensions into a single dimension Can join also linear, align and angular dimensions. We can split a dimension into two dimensions with insert command Feature control frame identifiers, welds symbols and surface texture symbols are the type of annotations. These are the industry standard for defining their configurations contents and appearance.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work: Explain dimension editing command _____ __________________________________________________________ Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia Projector _______ ___________________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) AutoCAD Mechanical by Autodesk ______ ___________________________________________________________

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LESSON PLAN TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 10 Drawing Layout. Name: Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Basic Time: Engineering Drawing and cad

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:- Creating drawing sheets.


1.

2.

Create layout views of model space geometry. Create production- ready drawing sheets in model space.

Time allocated



10

5

Layouts. Creating model views in layouts.

Layouts are an environment used to output your drawing data.

In layout you select paper size to plot and set its scale to full scale (1: 1)

You create view parts on the layout to view different model space geometry at specified scale factors.

View port /scale area.

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Time allocated



5

5

5

10

Options view port/scale area. Creating detail view in layouts. Detail view creation options Creating view ports From scale area. Zooming all viewports to defined scales. Viewports layer On / off creating drawing sheets.

Circle Border Object Specific area at larger scale to show enlarged areas of geometry.

Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work: Explain the use of layouts and view ports ______ ___________________________________________________________ Special Assignment:- (Usually home work) ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia Projector ______ ___________________________________________________________ Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication) Auto Cad Mechanical Auto Desk ________ ___________________________________________________________


CAD-I

(AutoCAD)

MT-163

OPERATION SHEETS

Table of Contents

Starting AutoCAD & user Interface 1

Understand Zoom, Pan and Orbit 3

Object snap, Grid, Orthogonal 5

Layer and object Property 7

Construction Line and Centre Line 9

Save AutoCAD Mechanical (Saving your work) 11

Line and Poly Line 13

Circle, Arc, and Ellipse command 15

Rectangle and polygon command 17

Dimension and Hatching command 19

Text Command 21

Copy, Mirror Command 23

Offset and Scale Command 25

Move and Rotate Command 27

Trim and Extend Command 29

Join and Break Command 31

Fillet and Chamfer Command 33

Explode Command 35

Exercise of Basic Drawing 37

Exercise of Mechanical Drawing 39

1

Operation Sheet No.1 Operation /job: -Starting AutoCAD & user Interface. Name:

Subject: - MT 163 Basic Engineering Drawing CAD-I Technology: Mechanical

Objectives: - Understand starting AutoCAD. Time & Date: Understand title bar, Menu Bar, Ribbon, status bar & command line. Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Auto CAD is the need of present age. Drawings are prepared rapidly.

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with Auto CAD 2010.

Steps/Procedure/method Key Points/Precautions For Skillful Performance

1. Turn on Computer

2. Click all Programs.

3. Click AutoCAD or Double click on AutoCAD Icon from desktop.

4. See title bar on top of AutoCAD screen.

5. There is Menu Bar and ribbon below title Bar.

6. See Draw Area, status bar, Browser and command line.

Application and Try out: All students try to open AutoCAD program.

Safety Precautions / Care:

1. Click on AutoCAD icon twice in a moment.

2. Shutdown computer properly.

3. Don’t use USB or CD/DVD without scanning.

Special Assignment: Draw user Interface on a paper and show AutoCAD screen parts .

2

Drawing/Diagram/Sketch:

References: AutoCAD Mechanical 2010 by Autodesk.

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Operation Sheet No.2 Operation /job: -Understand Zoom, Pan and Orbit. Name:


Objectives: - 1) Understand Zoom option uses. Time & Date: 2) Understand uses of Pan & orbit. Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - We can reduce, enlarge, move & rotate view of drawn objects.

Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Zoom:- 1. Invoke the Zoom command. 2. Pick a point in the drawing window (LMB), press

and drag up to zoom in and down to zoom out. 3. Right-click (RMB) to access the shortcut menu

and select Exit.

PAN:- 1. Invoke the Pan command. 2. Pick a point in the drawing window (LMB), press

and drag to pan the view. 3. Right-click (RMB) to access the shortcut menu

and pick Exit.

Orbit:- 1. Rotate the drawing three dimensionally.

Application and Try out: Draw simple object and try zoom, Pan & orbit.


1. Always use right option for zoom.

2. Pan the object within drawing window.

3. Shut down the computer properly.

Special Assignment: Class practice.

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Operation Sheet No.3 Operation /job: -Object snap, Grid, Orthogonal. Name:


Objectives: - Understand the use of object snap, grid & orthogonal. Time & Date: Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - We can save our effort and time by using these option. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Grid (F7):- 1. This switch turns the Grid ON and OFF. The Grid

is a visual tool, the dot lines act as a graph that can be used as a graph that can be used as reference lines in drawing.

Orthogonal(F8):- 1. Use Ortho (for orthogonal) ON when dragging

the mouse to: 2. Draw straight lines 3. Move, Copy, or Mirror objects along a linear

plane 4. Rotate objects in 90-degree increments. 5. ORTHO is either ON or OFF and does not have a

Settings option.

Object Snap(F3):- 1. When Object Snap (OSNAP) is ON, the cursor will

always gravitate 2. To specified points on objects in the drawing.

Unlike SNAP, which follows a grid pattern, OSNAP refers to objects in the drawing and will display object snap markers.

Application and Try out: Draw given drawing by using Object snap, Grid, Orthogonal.


1. Use orthogonal command to draw lines at right angles.

2. Always turn off the running object snap modes selection and click on your desired option.

Special Assignment: Make drawing and save it.


6


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Operation Sheet No.4 Operation /job: -Layer and object Property. Name:


Objectives: - Setup layers & assigns colors & line type to them. Time & Date: Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Layers are useful for some editing operation e.g. if you want to erase all dimension draw it on a separate layer. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


To make a Layer current: 1. Select the down arrow in the Layer list.

2. Select the layer (name) to make it current.

To change a Layer state: 1. Select the down arrow in the Layer list. 2. Select the desired option: On/Off, Freeze/Thaw,

Lock/Unlock, Plot/no plot.

To move objects from one Layer to another:

1. With the Command Line blank (press Escape),

select the objects to change. 2. Select the down arrow in the Layer list. And

select the desired layer. 3. Press Escape two times to deselect the object

and cancel the grips.

Application and Try out: Practice the above layer commands.

Safety Precautions / Care: Use different colors for different layers.

Special Assignment: Class practice.

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Operation Sheet No.5 Operation /job: -Construction Line and Centre Line. Name:


Objectives: - Understand Construction Line and Centre Line. Time & Date: Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Construction lines help to make a drawing quickly. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Construction Line:- 1. Click Home tab Draw panel Construction Line. Or

At the command prompt, enter xline. 2. Specify a point to define the root of the

construction line. 3. Specify a second point through which the

construction line should pass. 4. Continue to specify construction lines as needed. 5. All subsequent xlines pass through the first point

specified. 6. Press ENTER to end the command.

Center Line:- 1. Start the Center line command. 2. Specify the center line start point. 3. Specify the center line end point.

Application and Try out: Draw the Construction Lines and Centre Lines.

Safety Precautions / Care: Always turn off the computer after closing all application.

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Special Assignment:



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Operation Sheet No.6 Operation /job: -Save AutoCAD Mechanical (Saving your work). Name:


Objectives: - Understand saving work. Time & Date: Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Like other documents we can also save our drawing for further use & record. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Saving your work:- 1. We can use many options to save our work such

as save, save as and Q save.

2. Save command can be entered at command prompt or from File (pull down menu or from menu browser).

3. Invoke save command requires the file name / folder name and location of folder in which drawing is being saved.

Command : Save, Save as

Application and Try out: Draw a simple drawing and save it.

Safety Precautions / Care:Use save command during working often some appropriate time and often once saving your work use Q save button after doing some work again and again.

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Special Assignment: Make drawing and save it.


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50


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Operation Sheet No.7 Operation /job: -Line and Poly Line. Name:


Objectives: - Perform Line and Poly Line commands. Time & Date: Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Lines are used to show the shape of any object. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Line:- Toolbar Menu : Draw / Line Pull Down Menu: Draw / Line Command : LINE Alias :L A line is defined by two points. 1. Specify the first point then specify the next

point. 2. Type c to close two or more line segments.

Poly Line:- 1. Invoke the Pline command. 2. Specify a start point. 3. Type W for width (and <ENTER» 4. Specify a starting width (and <ENTER» and

an ending width (and <ENTER» 5. Specify the next point, using the methods

learned in drawing line segments. 6. Type L (and <ENTER» to return to the Line

mode. 7. Type C (and <ENTER» to Close the polyline.

Application and Try out: Draw a simple drawing and save it.

Safety Precautions / Care: Use save command during working often some appropriate time and often once saving your work use Q save button after doing some work again and again.

Special Assignment: Make drawing of poly line.


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Operation Sheet No.8 Operation /job: -Circle, Arc, and Ellipse command. Name:


Objectives: - Perform Circle, Arc, and Ellipse commands. Time & Date: Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Mostly drawing have Circle, Arc, and Ellipse . Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Circle:- 1. Begin the Circle command, and pick the

center point. 2. Type the radius, or press <ENTER> and select

the Diameter option. Then type the diameter.

Arc:- 1. Begin the Arc command, from the Toolbar to

draw a 3-point arc, or select one of the Arc options from the Pull-Down Menu.

Ellipse:- 1. Begin the Ellipse command. 2. Pick a center point. 3. Pick a second point to indicate one axis end

of the ellipse. 4. Move the mouse in a perpendicular direction

from the second point to set the second axis. 5. Enter a radius distance or select a point.

Application and Try out: Draw the above diagrams.

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Safety Precautions / Care: Use save command during working often some appropriate time and often once saving your work use Q save button after doing some work again and again.

Special Assignment: Make following drawing.



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Operation Sheet No.9 Operation /job: -Rectangle and polygon command. Name:


Objectives: - Perform Rectangle and polygon commands. Time & Date: Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - We can draw any number of side of polygon by polygon command . Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Rectangle:- To draw a rectangle by picking opposite corners: 1. Begin the rectangle command, and pick the

first comer. 2. Drag the mouse and pick the opposite

comer.

To draw a rectangle using coordinates: 1. Begin the rectangle command, and pick the

first comer. 2. Type '@5,3' to create a 5 x 3 rectangle

Polygon:- 1. Begin the Polygon command. Type the

number of sides, and press <ENTER>. 2. Specify the center of the Polygon. 3. Determine whether it is Inscribed (I) or

Circumscribed (C) about the radius of the circle.

4. Specify the radius.

Application and Try out: Practice these commands.


1. Beginner should ignore the other rectangle option which appears at command line.

2. Always type I for in and C for cicum polygon.


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Rectangle:-

Polygon:


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Operation Sheet No.10 Operation /job: -Dimension and Hatching command. Name:


Objectives: - Perform Dimension and Hatching commands. Time & Date: Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Without dimensioning drawing is incomplete. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


For Linear or Aligned dimensions: 1. Select the desired dimension command. 2. Use the appropriate Object Snaps to select the dimension line origin points. Drag the cursor and pick the dimension location. Note: To dimension a single line segment, press

<ENTER>, then select the line. For Radius, Diameter, or Center Mark dimensions: 1. Select the desired dimension command. 2. Pick the Circle, Arc, or Line to dimension. Drag the cursor and pick the dimension location. Note: Center Mark will simply be placed at the center.

For Baseline or Continued Dimensions: 1. Begin by placing a Linear, Aligned or Angular Dimension, using Object Snaps to select the origin points. 2. Invoke the Baseline or Continued Dimension. Using Object Snaps, pick the next dimension line origins. When finished, press <ENTER>


Safety Precautions / Care: Select appropriate object to pick the origin points.


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Operation Sheet No.11 Operation /job: -Text Command. Name:


Objectives: - Perform Text command. Time & Date: ______ Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show the different style of text. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Single Line Text: 1. Begin the Single Line Text command by typing

DT (and <ENTER». 2. Pick a start point in the Drawing Window. 3. Type the text height, or press <ENTER> to

accept the default Text height. 4. Press <ENTER> to accept the default rotation

angle (0) or type a new angle. 5. Type the first line of text. Press <ENTER>.

Type the second line of text. Press <ENTER> twice to complete the d text command.

Multiline Text:- 1. Invoke the Multiline Text command by typing

T or selecting the icon from the draw toolbar. 2. Specify Text area by picking the first corner,

then the opposite comer in the drawing Window.

3. Type the Multiline Text Editor Dialog box.

4. Select OK to exit.


Safety Precautions / Care: Use single line text for few words and Multiline text for a paragraph.


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Operation Sheet No.12 Operation /job: -Copy, Mirror Command. Name: ______


Objectives: - Perform Copy, Mirror command. Time & Date: ______ Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Copy command reduces the time to draw we can get multiple copies of same object. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Copy:- 1. Invoke the Copy Command. 2. Select the objects to Copy, and press <ENTER>. 3. Pick a point on or near the object as the base

point. 4. Drag the mouse and pick the location for the

copied object. 5. Press <ESC> to exit the command or right click

and select <ENTER>.

Mirror:- 1. Invoke the Mirror Command. 2. Select the objects to mirror and press <ENTER>. 3. Pick the first point of the mirror line. Drag the

mouse and pick the second line. 4. At the prompt Delete source objects? [Yes/No]

<N>, press <ENTER> to accept the default or type Y to delete the source objects.

Command : copy Alias : co or cp Command : Mirror Alias : MI



1. Press enter often selecting the object for copy.

2. Be careful at the propt delete source object.

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Operation Sheet No.13 Operation /job: -Offset and Scale Command. Name:


Objectives: -Perform Offset and Scale command. Time & Date: ______ Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show these command. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Offset Command:- 1. Invoke the Offset Command. 2. Type the Offset distance.

3. Select the object to Offset, then pick the side

to offset the object. Scale Command:- 1. Invoke the Scale Command. 2. Select the objects to Scale, and press

<ENTER>. 3. Pick a base point on or near the object. 4. Type the Scale Factor and press <ENTER>.



1. Before selecting the object in offset command type offset distance first.

2. Type scale factor carefully while using scale command.

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Operation Sheet No.14 Operation /job: -Move and Rotate Command. Name:


Objectives: - Perform Move and Rotate command. Time & Date: Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show function these command. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Move Command:- 1. Invoke the Move Command. 2. Select the objects to Move and press <ENTER>. 3. Pick a point on or near the object for the base

point. 4. Drag the mouse and pick the new location or

use absolute, relative coordinates, polar coordinates, or the direct distance method to relocate the object.

Rotate Command:- 1. Invoke the Rotate Command. 2. Select the objects to rotate, and press <ENTER>. 3. Pick a base point on or near the object. 4. Type the rotation angle or drag the mouse and

pick the rotation angle.



1. For move command select the object first and press enter.

2. For rotate command choose the rotation angle carefully.

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Operation Sheet No.15 Operation /job: -Trim and Extend Command. Name:


Objectives: - Perform Trim and Extend command. Time & Date: ______ Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show function these command. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Trim Command:- 1. Invoke the Trim command. 2. Select the cutting edges, and press <ENTER>. 3. Select the objects to trim.

Extend Command:- 1. Invoke the Extend command. 2. Select the boundary edges, and press

<ENTER>. 3. Select the objects to extend towards the

boundary edge.



1. An object must be crossed by the cutting edge to be trimmed.

2. Select the object to extend anywhere on the half that is closest to the boundry

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References: AutoCAD Mechanical 2010 by Autodesk

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Operation Sheet No.16 Operation /job: -Join and Break Command. Name: ______


Objectives: - Perform Join and Break command. Time & Date: ______ Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show function these command. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Join Command:- 1. Invoke join command. 2. Select the objects first. 3. Select the 2nd object 4. Press <ENTER>.

Break Command:- 1. Invoke Break command. 2. Select the boundary edges

3. If we want a gap in a continuous line the select the 2nd point and press enter.

Command : JOIN Alias : J Command : break Alias : Br


Safety Precautions / Care: The point to join must not so far. Break the line carefully. Special Assignment: Make following drawing.

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Operation Sheet No.17 Operation /job: -Fillet and Chamfer Command. Name: ______


Objectives: - Perform Fillet and Chamfer command. Time & Date: ______ Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show function these command. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Fillet Command:- 1. Begin the Fillet command. 2. To change the current radius, type R (and

<ENTER». Type the desired radius (and <ENTER». Press <ENTER> to repeat to the Fillet command.

3. Select the first object, then select the second object.

Chamfer Command:- 1. Invoke Chamfer command. 2. Select the chamfer angle or 1st and 2nd distances

for chamfer. 3. Select the 1st object and then select the 2nd

object.

Command : Fillet Alias : F Command : Chamfer


Safety Precautions / Care: Do not set the radius to fillet parallel lines.


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Operation Sheet No.18 Operation /job: -Explode Command. Name:


Objectives: - Perform Explode command. Time & Date: Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show function these command. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


Explode Command:- 1. Begin Explode command 2. Select the object to explode with pick loss and

press <Enter> 3. Now check the object by selecting by selecting it,

it would be divided into several objects.

Command : Explode


Safety Precautions / Care: Think carefully before exploding the object.


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Operation Sheet No.19 Operation /job: -Exercise of Basic Drawing. Name:


Objectives: - Perform several Exercise of Basic Drawing. Time & Date: Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show Exercise of Basic Drawing. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


1. Draw the construction of given object. 2. Dimension objects 3. Add test to objects and save them.

Application and Try out: Practice all commands.

Safety Precautions / Care: Draw the objects one by one.


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Operation Sheet No.20 Operation /job: -Exercise of Mechanical Drawing. Name: ______


Objectives: - Perform several Exercise of Drawing. Time & Date: ______ Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: - Show Exercise of Mechanical Drawing. Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: - Computer with AutoCAD 2010.


1. Draw the given object. 2. Dimension objects 3. Add test to objects and save them.

Application and Try out: Practice all commands.

Safety Precautions / Care: Draw the objects one by one.


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References: AutoCAD Mechanical 2010 by Autodesk

Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD I Lesson Plans

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Transcript of Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD I Lesson Plans