August 17, 2017 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development

(USAID).

Prepared by Subah-Belleh Associates for Liberia Strategic Analysis (LSA).

Disclaimer

The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the

united states agency for international development or the united states government.

Baseline Survey Final Report

Compound 1-Edina Road Rehabilitation

Project

Table of Contents

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................................... 1

List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................................ 2

MAP of Compound 1-Edina Road Catchment Area ........................................................................................... 3

I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 4

II. Introduction......................................................................................................................................................... 7

2.1. Background .................................................................................................................................................................. 7

2.2. USAID Program ......................................................................................................................................................... 7

2.3. Objective...................................................................................................................................................................... 7

2.4. Research/Study Questions ....................................................................................................................................... 8

III. Methodology ....................................................................................................................................................... 9

3.1. Design ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9

3.2. Sampling ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9

3.3. Survey Questionnaire and Enumeration ............................................................................................................ 10

Key Informant Interviews (KII) for Targeted Information ............................................................................................ 12

Focus Group Discussions (FGD) ......................................................................................................................................... 12

3.4. Secondary Data/Information Sources ................................................................................................................. 13

3.5. Limitations ................................................................................................................................................................. 13

IV. Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation .......................................................................................... 14

4.1. Demographic and Social Characteristics ............................................................................................................ 14

Human Settlement and Population Estimate .................................................................................. 14

Household Demographics .............................................................................................................. 14

Households Income and Sources of Income .................................................................................. 15

Households Expenditure ................................................................................................................ 16

Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 19

4.2. Economic Characteristics of the Road Catchment Area ............................................................................... 19

Main Economic Activities ................................................................................................................ 19

Access to Markets .......................................................................................................................... 19

Business/Commerce in Area .......................................................................................................... 20

Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 22

4.3. Transportation and Related Conditions............................................................................................................. 22

Traffic Count .................................................................................................................................. 22

Road Condition .............................................................................................................................. 23

Cost of Vehicle Operation ............................................................................................................. 24

Travel Time and Cost of Travel ..................................................................................................... 24

Conclusions .................................................................................................................................... 24

4.4. Standard Foreign Assistance Indicators .............................................................................................................. 24

Health .............................................................................................................................................. 25

Economic Growth .......................................................................................................................... 25

Education ........................................................................................................................................ 26

Democracy and Governance .......................................................................................................... 26

Recommendation .................................................................................................................................................................... 26

Annexes ....................................................................................................................................................................... 27

Annex I: Statement of Work ................................................................................................................................................ 27

Annex II: Data Collection Instruments .............................................................................................................................. 31

Annex III: Communities Visited and Data Collection Sources and Numbers Reached ......................................... 52

Annex IV: Mapping Data on All Communities in the Catchment Area ..................................................................... 54

Annex V. List of Agreed Foreign Assistance Indicators ................................................................................................. 58

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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

ANC Anti-Natal Care

CSPro Census and Survey Processing System

FGD Focus Group Discussions

FRAMP Feeder Roads Alternative and Maintenance Program

Km Kilometers

KII Key Informant Interviews

LSA Liberia Strategic Analysis

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

SBA Subah-Belleh Associates

SO Site Observation

SOW Scope of Work

USAID United States Agency for International Development

USG United States Government

FTF Feed the Future

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List of Tables

Table 1:Initial Household Sample Distribution ....................................................................................... 10 Table 2: Sample Distribution for all Data Collection Components ....................................................... 12 Table 3: Demography Characteristics .................................................................................................... 15 Table 4: Household Income and Source of Income ............................................................................... 16 Table 5: Estimated Daily Household Expenditure .................................................................................. 16 Table 6: Household Expenditure ........................................................................................................... 17 Table 7: Characteristics of Housing Structures .................................................................................... 17 Table 8: Household Ownership of Assets ............................................................................................. 18 Table 9: Shop Ownership and Type and Source of Goods Sold ........................................................... 20 Table 10: Means of Transportation of Goods by Shopkeepers ............................................................. 21 Table 11: Daily Income from Shop Sales ............................................................................................... 21 Table 12: Number and % of HHs by Income Generated from Fishing ................................................. 21 Table 13: Average Daily Traffic Volume by Vehicle Type ...................................................................... 23 Table 14: Volume of Traffic by Type of Vehicle and Day of the Week ................................................ 23 Table 15: Average Monthly Vehicle Maintenance and Insurance Cost by Type of Vehicle ................... 24 Table 16: US Government Health indicators and their Baseline Values ............................................... 25 Table 17: US Government Economic Growth Indicators and their Baseline Values ............................ 25 Table 18: Government Education Indicators and their Baseline Values ............................................... 26 Table 19: Selected Governance Indicators and their Baseline Values .................................................. 26

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Map of Compound 1-Edina Road Catchment Area

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I. Executive Summary

Background

USAID/Liberia is currently assisting Liberia address some of its road challenges. USAID’s assistance to Liberia’s

rural road sector is the Feeder Roads Alternative and Maintenance Program (FRAMP). The program is currently

working with four counties to expand their capacities to meet annual planning, budgeting, procurement, and

reporting requirements to access resources from the Government of Liberia’s dedicated fund for road

maintenance and rehabilitation. The four counties are Bong, Lofa, Nimba and Grand Bassa. The program “is

funded with a mix of infrastructure, Food for Peace, and Feed the Future (FTF) resources”

Program activities include food and cash for work, rehabilitation of community infrastructure, contracting of

Liberian firms for the rehabilitation of specific road segments in the four counties, and quality assurance provided

by FRAMP. The rehabilitation of the Compound 1 – Edina road is one of the initial projects to be implemented

through awards to local contractors. This baseline survey was commissioned to identify indicators for impact

measurement of the project. This report presents the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of the survey.

1.1. Methodology

A mixed-methods approach was used for conducting the baseline survey. This meant implementing a variety of

methods and tasks, as required and informed by the objectives of the survey. Prominent among the activities

undertaken was the conduct of a one-day reconnaissance visit to the road, followed by a mapping exercise by a

team led by a cartographer with GPS expertise, literature reviews, training of field staff, pre-testing of survey

instruments, three-day traffic count exercise, interviews with 15 drivers, 30 passengers, 15 shop keepers, 15 key

informants, and 362 households. Sixteen (16) focus group discussants and some direct observations by the data

collection teams were also carried out.

The traffic counts were undertaken concurrently at five (5) points between the beginning and the end of the

road, including the junctions of two roads adjoining the main Compound 1-Edina Road for three consecutive

days, from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. The third of the three days was a market day, when people from both inside and

outside of the catchment area converge at a specific market, located at Compound 1, to buy and sell goods,

including farm produce. Traffic is usually heaviest on market days.

The baseline data that was collected under this study has been organized into four main categories, based on

indicators the project seeks for measuring the impact of the road on the catchment area: social and demographic

indicators; economic indicators; transportation related indicators; and Standard Foreign Assistance Indicators

covering the thematic areas of health, education, democracy and governance, and economic growth.

1.2. Key Findings

Social and Demographic Characteristics: There are 64 towns and villages in the catchment area. Within

the 64 towns and villages are 1,214 dwelling units. Living within these dwelling units are 1,690 households,

containing a population of 8,654 persons. Average household size is 5.1 which compares favorably with the

national average of 5.2 persons per household. The Bassa tribe is the dominant ethnic group, while Christianity

is the predominant religious practice. Household’s ownership of durable consumer goods is low, although a

substantive number of household members owned mattresses and mobile phones.

Economic Characteristics: The main economic activities of the catchment area were farming (61% of

household members 16 and above) and fishing (14%), with hunting, handicraft making, charcoal production,

among others, representing the other economic activities. Fish produced in the road catchment area attract

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commercial buyers from Monrovia, Buchanan, and other locations. The only market is located at Compound 1.

A new market has been constructed at Little Bassa, but is not yet commissioned for use. Most households

travelled at least 4 kilometers to access the market. More than half (53.3%) of households had members who

sold at the market.

Small trading enterprises (shops) and the selling of agricultural consumer produce were the predominant types

of business establishments in the area. Most of the shops were owned and operated by local businessmen. The

fish trade was active, but most transactions were informal, occurring on the beach as the canoes arrived from

fishing expeditions at sea. Most shops sold dry goods, with nearly half (46.7%) sourcing their goods from

Monrovia, followed by Buchanan (40%) and Harbel (13.3%), with nearly all (93.3%), using the project road to

transport their goods). Most shopkeepers (87%) said they earned between L$500 and L$3,000 daily from sales,

while 13 percent said they earned between L$3,001 and L$8,000 daily.

Transportation Related Characteristics: The Edina Road is narrow, sandy and muddy with potholes,

ditches, unsafe bridges which makes it difficult to navigate, especially during the rainy season. Traffic volume is

highest on the Compound #1 side of the road, followed by the Little Bassa primary road. Vehicle type most

common in the catchment area was motorcycle, which accounted for 81.3 percent of all vehicular movements

recorded. Traffic volume tended to be considerably higher on market days, accounting for 50.3% of all vehicular

movements recorded over the three days of recording, compared to non-market days (26.4% Day 1 and 23.3%

on Day 2), and particularly at Compound #1, where the market is located.

Bad road conditions negatively impact monthly vehicle maintenance costs, transportation fares, and travel time.

Most vehicles (80%) plying the route, as well as primary roads joining the road were not insured. Maintenance

costs for various vehicles recorded ranges from as low as L$150 to L$12,000 per month. Transportation fares

for various destinations along the road recorded ranges from L$50 to L$450. Travel time to and from various

places along the road recorded ranged from 15 minutes to over an hour.

Selected Standard Foreign Assistance Indicators:

Health

Eighty-three percent (83%) of households had no sanitary facilities (mainly latrines) or convenient access to one,

leaving 8 out of every 10 households to use the bushes and fields for excretal waste disposal. Additionally, nearly

all (92.5%)of households used unsafe means of solid waste disposal, the most common disposal practice (88.5%)

being dumping garbage into bushes, empty areas nearby, or in the swamps.

The primary sources of drinking water in the road catchment area were running creek water, open wells, and

hand pumps. There were only 10 hand pumps within the road catchment area. A slight majority of households

(50.3%) accessed their drinking water from protected sources such as public tap, tube well or boreholes, and

bottles or sachet water. However, access to adequate safe drinking water is a problem that concerned many,

including community leaders.

Economic Growth

An estimated 1,690 households and an estimated population of 8,654 persons will benefit from the rehabilitation

of the 35-km Compound 1-Edina Road. In fact, most believed that the road rehabilitation will benefit their

households and the broader community, with the most commonly expected benefits to be reduction on

transportation fares, increase flow of transportation, increased business activity, and increased access to basic

social services.

With respect to agriculture, approximately 56.6% of households owned farmland. However, only 12.7 percent

had deeds for their land; 37.6 percent did not. Twenty-two percent (22%) said they had customary titles to their

farmland. The rest either claimed ownership arrangement of one kind or the other or did not have any at all.

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Approximately 46 percent of households owning farmland, cultivate their farmland by themselves. The main

crops are rice and cassava. Only 6.6 percent of households who owned farmland claimed that the farmland

occupied/owned by them was irrigated.

Education

There are five schools in the area: one Junior High School in Compound #1 and four primary schools: two

located in Little Bassa (one public, one private/religious), one in Kingsville, and one in Edina City. Access to

education is limited because of the small number of schools and the long distances that children travel to access

these schools. Additionally, there is generally a lack of qualified instructors, playgrounds, instructional materials,

libraries/reading rooms, and laboratories. As a result, the net primary school enrollment rate was estimated to

be under 50 percent.

1.3. Key Conclusions and Recommendation

Main Conclusions

The road catchment area is a sparsely populated, low-income region of Grand Bassa. Farming, fishing and petty

trade are the main economic activities of the people, incomes from these activities are, generally, low. With low

household incomes, poverty is widespread, with most households considering themselves to be either poor or

very poor. As mentioned earlier, the Edina Road is narrow, sandy and muddy with potholes, ditches, unsafe

bridges which makes it difficult to navigate, especially during the rainy season. Most transport service providers

and household members reported that the current conditions of the road were having a negative impact on the

cost of vehicle maintenance, transportation fares, and travel time.

The population is largely illiterate on account to low access to educational services. The quality of education is

also a major concern, especially with respect to the inadequacy of qualified teachers and educational materials.

Low access to health and safe drinking water and sanitation are impacting the wellbeing of the population. Most

households had at least one member sick in the month prior to the survey.

The low exposure of households to the media is instructive for a society that thrives on the “grapevine”. This is

not good for a democracy wanting an informed citizenry for peace and stability, as well as shared economic

growth and development.

Farming being the main economic activity in the area, the relatively low access of households to agriculture land

and improved methods of production and marketing is problematic and leaves the majority of the population

poor.

Despite these conditions, the population of the area and those who do business there expect the road to bring

change—in the level of access to basic social services and economic opportunities. The road will enhance trade,

increase income generating opportunities, reduce the cost of living for the residents.

Key Recommendations

1. In order to achieve the maximum impact from rehabilitating the Compound 1-Edina Road, the road linking

Buchanan to Upper Buchanan, which is linked to Edina by water transportation should also be rehabilitated.

The idea is that if people and goods can easily flow to and from Edina from Buchanan, then economic activities

will increase in the road catchment area. As it is right now, the flow is limited to Edina-Upper Buchanan and

not the more affluent, business active Buchanan City center due to the very bad road between Upper

Buchanan and Central Buchanan.

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II. Introduction

2.1. Background

The poor condition of roads in Liberia is a major constraint to private sector investment, poverty reduction and

economic growth and development. (Liberia Constraints Analysis). The mileage of paved road in Liberia is limited

and most of the roads have deteriorated over the years because of the lack of sustained maintenance. Liberia’s

total length of primary and secondary roads is around 12,000 kilometers, which amounts to one of the lowest

road densities in the West African Sub-region. Poor road conditions in rural Liberia are increasing transportation

fares, vehicle maintenance costs, and compromising food production as farmers have limited access to markets.

USAID hypothesis that challenging road conditions also make it difficult for rural dwellers to access administrative

centers, health-care facilities, educational institutions, and goods and services from urban centers (Edina Road

Baseline RFP No. SI-01/17).

Road construction and sustained maintenance are expensive ventures. The situation is exacerbated with declining

public finances. Limited funds available for roads are usually allocated for the maintenance of tertiary roads,

leaving the rehabilitation and maintenance of farm-to-market roads unattended. To address these challenges, the

Legislature passed in 2016 a Road Maintenance Act, under which levies are placed on petroleum products and

excessive axle loads to raise money for road maintenance and rehabilitation. Funds are placed in a dedicated

fund for road maintenance (60 percent) and road rehabilitation (40 percent). The Fund is managed by a Road

Fund Manager situated in the Ministry of Finance and Development Planning (MFDP) (Edina Road Baseline RFP No.

SI-01/17).

2.2. USAID Program

The United States Government, through USAID, is currently assisting Liberia address some of its road challenges.

USAID’s assistance to Liberia’s rural road sector is the Feeder Roads Alternative and Maintenance program

(FRAMP). The program is currently working “with four counties to expand their capacities to meet annual

planning, budgeting, procurement, and reporting requirements to access resources from the Fund”. The four

counties are Bong, Lofa, Nimba and Grand Bassa. The program “is funded with a mix of infrastructure, Food for

Peace, and Feed the Future (FTF) resources” (Edina Road Baseline RFP No. SI-01/17).

Program activities include food and cash for work, rehabilitation of community infrastructures, contracting of

Liberian firms for the rehabilitation of specific road segments in the four counties, and quality assurance provided

by FRAMP. The rehabilitation of the Compound 1 – Edina road is one of the initial projects to be implemented

through awards to local contractors (Edina Road Baseline RFP No. SI-01/17).

2.3. Objective

The baseline survey was commissioned to provide comprehensive quantitative and qualitative data on

demographic, socio-economic and transportation-related conditions along the 35-km Compound 1 to Edina rural

road in Grand Bassa County. The ultimate purpose is to be able to measure the impact of USAID’s rural road

investments in this road. The road will be rehabilitated under USAID/Liberia’s Feeder Roads Alternative and

Maintenance Program (FRAMP).

USAID hypothesizes that road rehabilitation investments will improve access to markets, particularly for farmers,

reduce direct and indirect travel costs and time, increase economic activity, and increase social benefits (e.g.,

access to health care, increased educational attendance, voting, security). This baseline will also recommend

Standard Foreign Assistance Indicator(s) across each technical area (Health, Education, Democracy &

Governance, and Economic Growth that will measure the impact of roads.

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The baseline survey gathered data on the community (towns and villages along and 5km off) the road, households

in these communities, and transportation and traffic situation on the 35km road.

2.4. Research/Study Questions

The Baseline survey will answer the following research questions.

1. What are the social and demographic characteristics of the road catchment area?

2. What are the economic characteristics of the road catchment area?

3. What are the transportation-related conditions of the road catchment area?

4. What Standard Foreign Assistance Indicator(s) and custom indicators across each technical area (Health,

Education, Democracy & Governance, Agriculture (Feed the Future)) will best measure the impact of the

roads? And, what are baseline values for the selected indicators?

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III. Methodology

3.1. Design The baseline survey was undertaken using a mixed-methods approach--a combination of quantitative and

qualitative data collection methods, all designed to collect data to satisfy some key indicators that will be used

to measure the impact of the rehabilitated road on its catchment communities. Quantitative and qualitative field

data collection approaches included surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. They were

applied appropriately to (i) scoping/mapping surveys of the towns and villages in road catchment communities,

(ii) household surveys, (iii) settlement demographic surveys (mapping), (iv) shopkeeper/business surveys, (vi)

drivers‟ surveys, (vii) passenger surveys, and (viii) traffic counts. The results of the mapping exercise were used

to design the household survey, especially the sample size and overall sampling plan.

3.2. Sampling Population-Related Mapping Results

The mapping exercise covered the entire community along the length of the Compound 1-Edina Road and

involved among other things, the identification of all towns and villages up to 5km to the right of the road and

up to the banks of the St. John and Mechlin Rivers to the left side of the road. The results of the mapping exercise

relevant for the sampling design of the household survey include the number of towns and villages and their

populations and numbers of households. The number of towns and villages mapped totaled 64, with a total

population estimate of 8,654. The total number of households counted was 1,690.

Target Population and Sample Size

The household survey sample was drawn from the total number of households enumerated within the catchment

areas by the mapping exercise (1,690). To determine the sample size from this population, a sample size

estimation table (Israel, 2012)1 was used. This table provides the sample size for given population sizes based on

the desired margin of error. Thus, using the table (Israel, 2012), and considering our desired margin of error of

±5%, with a 95% confidence level, the appropriate representative sample size for a population of 1,690 (which

when rounded up to the nearest 1000), is 333. This is further adjusted to 350, which will increase the coverage,

validity, and precision of results of the household survey, as well as account for possible non-response.

Sampling Technique

The selection of the sample was done in two stages. At the first stage, settlements (towns/villages) were selected

from the list of towns and villages identified during the mapping exercise. The next stage was the selection of

households for interview.

Stage 1: At this stage, communities (towns/villages) were divided into three strata (Large, Medium, Small), based

on the numbers of households of the various towns and villages. When these strata are drawn up or demarcated,

the 350 samples will be proportionally allocated to them based on the cumulative size (number of all households)

of each stratum. This was determined, as follows:

1Israel, G D 2012, Determining Sample Size, University of Florida. Accessed December 3, 2016

<www.soc.uoc.gr/socmedia/papageo/.../samplesize/samplesize1.pdf>

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Table 1:Initial Household Sample Distribution

Strata

Households and Sample Distribution

№ of

Localities Households Proportion Sample

Stratum 1 (Large) 8 722 43% 149

Stratum 2 (Medium) 18 564 33% 117

Stratum 3 (Small) 36 404 24% 84

All 62 1690 100% 350

Note that this mapping exercise was unable to gather information on 3 small

locations, including the Road Site Office and Gbayu, which has only 2 housing units

The selection of towns/villages for the survey was based on the following criteria:

• All towns in Stratum 1 were selected because of their large sizes.

• Towns/villages in Stratum 2 and Stratum 3 were randomly selected to ensure representation of the

catchment area.

The distribution of respondents among the selected towns and villages (sample) was based on a proportional-

to-size approach.

Stage 2: When a town or village was selected for the survey, household sample selection then involved the

selection of households for interview. To do a scientific selection process, as the survey team entered the

selected towns or villages, they canvassed to ascertain its demarcation and do a quick count of dwelling units to

enable them to determine valid skip pattern and establish a random start. These were established to select

dwelling units at first and then selecting households within selected units. In each dwelling unit selected, all

households were interviewed until the required interviews for the selected settlements (Towns or Villages) were

completed.

3.3. Survey Questionnaire and Enumeration

To answer the four (4) research questions, seven (7) different sets of questionnaires were developed in English

by the research team. The approved questionnaires were pre-tested in a field test on 29 March on the Krubono

Shop - Moulton Corner Road in Brewerville, just outside Monrovia. This road was selected for the pre-testing

because it was determined to be one of the few roads the research team could find in close proximity, that

possessed some of the same features of the Compound 1 – Edina Road:

• It was an unpaved bad road that needed rehabilitation;

• A good number of inhabitants lived along the road;

• It had limited access to health care and education services;

• It linked farmers to different market sites; and

• Transportation services available on the road were mostly motorcycles, though trucks and buses also ply

the route.

The baseline survey field work commenced with the conduct of a community mapping exercise, designed to

gather general information on the catchment area, including information on settlements, population, and

infrastructure, among others. The results of the mapping exercise were used to inform the sampling design of

the survey, especially the household survey. The actual field data collection then kicked off with the conduct of

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three days orientation training for the selected data collectors. Following the training, the field teams were

deployed on April 18th. The training focused on assisting field staff to understand the various field instruments,

through thorough review and practice. The training was also designed to assist them to understand field

protocols, including community entry procedures, sample selection, the conduct of interviews, and enumerators’

and supervisors’ roles, responsibilities, conduct, and relationship in the field.

The survey team was composed of 26 individuals: One team leader, two supervisors, one surveyor, one survey

technician, two focus group discussion facilitators, four note takers, six enumerators, and ten traffic monitors.

The SBA project manager organized the field research team and provided the requisite technical and

administrative support needed to facilitate their work. The twenty-six (26) field staff were structured into 3

teams. One team of 9 persons was assigned the household interview component of the survey. The second team

of 10 carried out the traffic count, while the third team of 4 persons undertook the key informant interviews

and focus group discussions. Supervisors provided leadership for their assigned teams. They were also

responsible for coordination and liaison with FRAMP, MPW, and local government authorities, community

leaders, and other relevant entities in the road catchment area. The supervisors, in addition to reviewing the

work of enumerators daily and assisting them with technical problems, regularly consulted with the teams in

team meetings to identify general challenges and resolve any difficulties encountered. Field quality assurance staff,

including the project manager, provided overall guidance and support to the teams in the field. The work of the

field teams is reflected in the description of the following data collection activities:

o Settlement Mapping and Demographic Survey

This instrument was administered at the time of the mapping exercise. It collected general socio-demographic

information about the communities in the road catchment area: distance from and access to the road, population,

the availability and location of health facilities, schools, agricultural land, and amenities available in the area, roads,

bridges, etc. The settlement demographic survey instrument was administered to community leaders, traditional

authorities, religious leaders, women’s group leaders, youth representatives/leaders, health care providers,

teachers, district engineers, extension agents, and community volunteers.

o Household Survey

Because households are the basic socio-economic units of a community, they were targeted for questions

regarding socioeconomic condition of the population, through structured questionnaires, administered to heads

of households or senior members of households on employment status, wealth and assets, education, access to

health facilities, and mode of travel.

o Shopkeeper/Business Survey

In each community selected for sampling, shops and shopkeepers were targeted for interview. This is because

shopping is a major indicator of community economic activity and the situation of shop merchandise supply will

be a key indicator for measuring the utility of the road and transportation, as far as impact measurement of road

rehabilitation is concerned. Thus, using a shopkeeper questionnaire, information was collected from 15

shopkeepers on shop ownership, type of goods sold, and source of supply, type and cost of transportation of

goods from source to the shop.

o Driver Survey

Drivers were also targeted as respondents for the driver survey. Thirty (30) drivers were asked to provide

information on the frequency of travel on the road, normal routes of travel (full length of road or sections of

road), vehicle ownership, transportation fares, maintenance and other operational costs, income, and the current

organization and management of the transportation system on the road in terms of union and non-union activities

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and how they affect the availability and pattern of transportation services. Interviews were conducted along the

road and at various stops.

o Passenger Survey

A passenger survey was undertaken to collect information on the experiences and challenges of passengers who

travel on the road. Thirty (30) passengers were selected and interviewed at “parking” or “loading” points. They

were asked to provide information on their current travel (origin and destination) as well as their regular travel

times and fares and other travel costs incurred, among others.

o Traffic Count

The survey team carried out traffic counts along the project road, from Compound 1 to Edina City. The traffic

counts provided information on volume and composition of vehicular and non-vehicular movement on the roads.

They involved directional counts of passenger vehicles (motorcycles, cars, and other vehicles) over a three-day

period. The traffic counters were positioned on the outskirts of Compound 1, Little Bassa, and Edina City. They

were also positioned at the entrance of two other major roads (Gorr Town and Zoe Town) junctions connected

to the Compound 1-Edina Road. The counters noted the direction and vehicle type of each passing vehicle over

the daily counting period of 6 am to 6 pm. on two (2) week days (Thursday and Friday) and one (1) weekend

day (Saturday), which is a busy “market day” located at Compound 1.

Key Informant Interviews (KII) for Targeted Information

In addition to administering the various surveys, the views and opinions of key informants were sought regarding

the project road and social issues. This provided information that was used to validate those obtained from the

relevant surveys. Those covered in the key informant interviews included local community leaders, traditional

authorities, religious leaders, women’s group leaders, youth representatives/leaders, health care providers,

teachers, district engineers, extension agents and community volunteers. Men, women and youth were also

included.

Focus Group Discussions (FGD)

These were small group discussions of groups of six to ten people. They were held through an open discussion

by a skilled moderator. They were divided up into groups of men, women, community leaders and youth and

discussed a variety of socio-economic issues related to the community and the population, as suggested by the

SOW.

Table 2: Sample Distribution for all Data Collection Components

№ Name of Town/Village

Type of Data Collection

HHs FGD KII Traffic

Count

1 Little Bassa 22 4 5 3 days

2 Zoe Town 26 4 3 days

3 Edina City 21 4 3 3 days

4 Ndorkru 11

5 Gorr Town 23 4 3 days

6 Kros Town 17 2

7 Kpepus Town 13

8 Joezon 14

9 Xwaclakpogei Town 25

10 Central Kingsville 28

11 Kpans Town 15

13

12 Pitos Town 24

13 Tarr’s Town 21

14 Varmah 8

15 Three Houses 12

16 Barkar 14 1

17 Barlakor 19 1

18 Central Edina 3

19 Duncan Town 7

20 Maleskore 3

21 Bobor Village 5

22 Juah’s Town 4

23 Troublegar Village 3

24 Noryou 24

25 Compound 1 3 3 days

Total 362 16 15 3 days

3.4. Secondary Data/Information Sources The design of the baseline survey, including the development of this report, was supported by numerous reviews

of secondary data/information, gained through literature reviews and observation. For instance, a reconnaissance

visit was made to the project area by the team during this inception period. This greatly assisted the research

team to properly conceptualize and contextualize the issues and plan and conduct the baseline survey, mainly

learning from the experiences of others. A prioritized list of key relevant documents required was drawn up by

the SBA team, many of which were obtained and reviewed.

3.5. Limitations A key factor to note with this baseline survey is that it actually commenced after the road rehabilitation work

had already begun. This was due to some inadvertent work planning and execution delays. This late start may

have affected the reliability of some baseline data since portions of the road were already improved, even though

most persons interviewed still considered the road to be “bad.”

In addition, the very short time committed to data collection, following the completion of the mapping exercise,

meant that the team had to collect data from a relatively small sample and did not allow for in-depth investigation

of some issues covered under the survey such as verification of information on farming, cattle ownership, etc.

as well as market investigation of trade information provided.

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IV. Findings, Conclusion and Recommendation

4.1. Demographic and Social Characteristics

Human Settlement and Population Estimate

The settlement mapping exercise found that there were 64 settlements (towns and villages) in the catchment

area. These towns and villages are spread over 5 clans that make up the road catchment area. The clans include

Sonewein, Gbasohn, Gowengbo, Wenzohn, and Loveville.

The population of the catchment area was estimated to be 8,654. These are distributed among approximately

1,214 dwelling units and made up a total of 1,690 households, with an average household size of 5.1 (national

average is 5.2). The population estimates were developed by working with community authorities to review

updated records of the populations, which they maintain. Community authorities record the names of all

residents of the community and update such records as new people come in and others leave the community.

These records were sampled through random physical counts. In most instances, it was easy to count the number

of dwelling units and inquire about the number of people residing in each. Details of settlements and household

and population estimates of the road catchment area are presented in Annex IV.

Household Demographics

The household survey was conducted with 362 households. A roster of all household members in each

household was generated during the interview. The demographic characteristics of the household population

covered in the survey are presented in Table 3. It shows that the 362 households contained a total population

of 1,389 persons, with more females (52%) than males (48%) and a youth population, with 72 percent of all

household members falling below the age of 35.

The predominant religion of household members was Christianity (98%), followed by “no religion” and Islam

(0.4%). To support this, there were a total of 12 churches and no other religious institutions in the area. In terms

of ethnicity, the Bassa Tribe dominated, with 88 percent of household members affiliated with this tribe. Next

to Bassa were the Kpelles, who accounted for 3 percent, followed by Kru (3%). Foreign/Non-Liberian tribes

made up 2 percent. The remaining 4 percent were scattered among other Liberian tribes in very small

proportions.

In terms of educational profile, only 28 percent (37.2% males and 20.4% females) of household members aged 5

and above could read and write (literate). The rest (72%) could not. Of those who could read and write, half

(50%) had only some primary school education, while 8.2% completed primary school. A further 20.5 percent

were junior high school students, with actual junior high graduates accounting for only 4.2 percent. Only 5.4

percent completed high school and 1 was college graduate.

The survey also gathered information on the employment status of household members aged 16 and above. The

results show that the main occupation of household members was farming (60.3%), followed by fishing (14.3%).

Others included hunters, craftsmen, civil servants, teachers, homemakers, charcoal producers, cane juice

producers and sellers, and commercial transport workers, among others. In terms of employment, most

individuals (80%) performed jobs that earned them income in the 3 months prior to the survey. Of these, over

half (57%) were full-time engagements, while close to a quarter (23%) were seasonal jobs. The rest were part-

time (14%) and temporary workers (6%).

15

Table 3: Demography Characteristics

Demographic

Characteristics

Percentage of

Household

Members Demographic

Characteristics

Percentage of

Household

Members

All Male Female All Male Female

Age Marital Status

Less than 5 years 16.1 16.9 15.3 Single/Never married 25.1 24.2 24.7

5 - 19 years 32.7 34.5 31.0 Married 73.5 64.7 68.7

20 - 34 years 22.8 18.4 26.8 Separated 0.0 1.6 0.9

35 - 49 years 18.4 19.1 17.7 Divorced 0.8 3.5 2.3

50 -64 years 7.4 8.0 6.9 Widowed/widower 0.6 6.0 3.5

65-74 years 1.9 2.6 1.2 Number 795 362 433

75 years and above 0.9 0.6 1.1 Ethnicity

Number 1,389 664 725 Bassa 88.0 86.6 89.9

Education Kpelle 3.0 3.8 2.1

Literacy (5 years &

above) Kru 2.5 2.3 2.8

Can Read and Write 28.4 37.2 20.4 Other Liberian Tribes 4.7 5.4 4.0

Cannot Read and Write 71.6 62.8 79.6 Foreign/Non-Liberian 1.6 2.0 1.2

Number 1,166 554 612 Number 1,389 664 725

Educational Level Religion

Hasn't Graduated at any

Level 5.7 5.8 5.6 Christianity 97.6 97.6 98.2

Primary School Student 49.8 41.3 64.0 Islam 0.2 0.2 0.4

Primary School Graduate 8.2 7.8 8.8 Buddhism 0.3 0.3 0.0

Junior High School Student 20.5 24.3 14.4 Traditional Religion 0.6 0.6 0.1

Junior high School

Graduate 4.2 5.8 1.6 No Religion 1.4 1.4 1.2

High school Student 4.2 5.8 1.6 Number 1,389 666 723

High school Graduate 5.4 6.3 4.0 Employment

Vocational School or

Higher Education

Graduation

0.3 0.5 0.0

Work to Earn Income

(Last 3 months before

Survey)

79.9 87.6 73.4

University Student 1.2 1.9 0.0 Worked 58.7 53.3 55.8

University Graduate 0.3 0.5 0.0 Did not Work 41.3 46.7 44.2

Number 331 206 125 Number 1,166 554 612

Occupation (16 & Above)

Farming 60.3 60.6 60.1 Nature of

Employment

Fishing 14.3 22.7 6.0 Full Time 56.8 53.0 47.0

Hunter, Craftsman, Civil

Servant, Worker, Teacher,

Homemaker, Handcrafter,

Military/Paramilitary,

20.2 10.7 29.6 Part Time 14.4 45.7 54.3

Others (students, retired,

etc.) 4.3 5.4 3.1 Seasonal 22.4 48.6 51.4

Don’t Know/No Response 0.9 0.6 1.3 Temporary 6.3 36.6 63.1

Number 1,166 554 612 Number 651 325 326

Households Income and Sources of Income

16

Household income was found to be generally low. Most households (58.3%) received between L$100 and

L$5,000 a month. Slightly over a fourth (26.4%) received between L$5,001 and L$ 10,000 per month, while a

little more than 12 percent recalled receiving between L$10,001 and L$20,000. Only 2.8 percent received over

L$20,000, mostly from farming, trading, and fishing. The average monthly household income was calculated to

be L$10,978.30. However, this number is inflated by the estimated 15 percent of households that received over

L$10,000, since most households (58.3%) received between L$100 and L$5000/month As Table 4 shows, the

most common source of income for the majority of households (close to 55%) was farming. Next to farming

was fishing (17.8%), trading (11.1%), and others, including the sale of coal and other locally-produced non-

agricultural products (6.7%).

. .

Table 4: Household Income and Source of Income

Source of Income

Income Range (in L$)

100-

1,000

1,001-

5,000

5,001-

10,000

10,001-

15,000

15,001-

20,000 20,000+ Total %

Farming 18 105 48 15 7 4 197 54.7

Fishing 7 30 18 2 4 3 64 17.8

Trading 4 18 10 5 0 3 40 11.1

Wage/salary 0 4 7 2 2 0 15 4.2

Assistance of relatives 4 6 0 0 0 0 10 2.8

Wood and wood

products 0 1 3 1 1 0 6 1.7

In-kind aids from the

government and Others 0 4 0 0 0 0 4 1.1

Others 2 7 9 5 1 0 24 6.7

Total 35 175 95 30 15 10 360 100.0

% 9.7 48.6 26.4 8.3 4.2 2.8 100.0

No response 2

Households Expenditure

Household expenditure information was collected from all households to determine the value of their

consumption and ultimately their level of poverty, even though 59 percent of households interviewed considered

themselves poor or very poor. Table 5 presents the value of daily expenditure reported by households

interviewed. It shows that the largest proportion of households (74.3%) spent between L$0.00 and L$250/day

on household expenditures. In fact, slightly over 90 percent of all households spent between nothing and

L$350/day. Only a small proportion of households spent close to L$500 and above.

Table 5: Estimated Daily Household Expenditure

Expenditure

Range

(in L$)

№ of

Households %

Accumulated and Average Expenditure

Accumulated

Amount (L$) Average

In US$

(US$1: L$110)

0.00 – 75.00 17 4.8 893.33 52.55 0.48

80.00 – 150.00 93 25.6 12,211.67 131.31 1.19

155.00 – 250.00 159 43.9 33,688.33 211.88 1.93

255.00– 350.00 58 15.9 17,676.67 304.77 2.77

355.00– 450.00 18 5.0 7,395.00 410.83 3.73

17

455.00 - 650.00 13 3.7 7,016.67 539.74 4.91

655.00– 850.00 2 0.6 1,500.00 750.00 6.82

More than 855.00 2 0.6 2,833.33 1,416.67 12.88

Total 362 100.0 83,215.00 229.88 2.09

All households (100%) obviously spent portions of their income on food/meals, with most (78%) spending at

least L$155 daily. In terms of the number of households spending their income, Table 6 shows that transportation

came next to meals, with 83 percent claiming to spend on transportation, most of whom (93%) claimed to spend

at least $155 daily whenever a member of the household utilized transportation services. Over two-thirds spent

on healthcare. However, less than a third (32.3%) spent on education, even though 62 percent of households

have children of school-going age (5 to 17 years).

Table 6: Household Expenditure

Items

Households Estimated Range of Daily

Expenditure (L$)

№ % $5-75 L$80-

150

L$155 &

Above

Meal 362 100.0 1.1 21.0 77.9

Leisure 111 30.9 29.7 29.7 40.5

Transportation 300 82.9 2.3 4.7 93.0

Health 243 67.1 11.6 9.5 79.9

Education 117 32.3 1.7 2.6 95.7

Housing Condition

Housing Ownership and Structure. Seventy-one percent (71%) of households owned the houses they lived in,

free of mortgage or loan, while 3.3 percent owned the houses through loan or mortgage of some kind and 2.8

percent were paying rent for their houses. On the other hand, close to 23 percent of households did not own

the units they lived in, but lived in them free of charge, including rent. Most structures (59%) occupied by

households were semi-permanent structures (walls of dirt bricks with metal roofs), while 40 percent lived in

temporary structures (walls of stick and mud with straw/grass roof). Only 1.4 percent lived in permanent

structures (concrete walls, floors & metal roofs).

Rooms and Amenities. Houses occupied by households had between 1 and 8 rooms. However, most (close

to 62%) had between 1 and 3 rooms and a quarter (25%) had 4 rooms. Only 13.3 percent of all structures had

more than 4, or between 5 and 8, rooms.

Table 7: Characteristics of Housing Structures

Characteristics/Feature of Housing Structure % of Households

(n=262)

Ownership of Structure

Owned by household free and clear 71.0

Owned by household with a mortgage or loan? 3.3

Rented for cash rent? 2.8

Occupied without payment of cash rent 22.9

100.0

Type of Structure

Permanent (Concrete wall, floor & metal roof) 1.4

18

Characteristics/Feature of Housing Structure % of Households

(n=262)

vSemi-permanent (Dirt/bricks walls & metal

roof) 58.6

Temporary (Dirt/bricks walls & straw/grass roof) 40.1

100.0

Rooms

1-2 Rooms 29.2

3 Rooms 32.6

4 Rooms 24.9

More than 4 (5-8) 13.3

100.0

Amenities

Living Room 23.2

Bathroom 1.1

Kitchen 1.7

Pipe-borne Water 0.3

Flush/Pour-Flush Toilet 0.6

Electricity 1.9

28.8

Household Assets

Household assets provide an important measure of economic wellbeing. They can also provide individuals and

families with security and the capacity to increase their living standards, due to their financial and economic value.

Accordingly, the survey sought to gather information on the ownership of basic household assets (consumption

and production) by households covered in the survey. Table 8 presents a list of these assets, as indicated by the

households. As shown in the table, households owned a variety of various basic household assets—both

consumption and production assets. Eating utensils (99%, cooking utensils (98%), water containers (81%),

mattresses (70%), chairs (54%), mobile phones (42%), and tape recorders were the most commonly owned

household assets.

With regards to production assets, household ownership was found to be very low. Only five households (1.4%)

owned sugar cane mills, which are used for the production of the local brew (spirit) called cane juice. Another

five households owned power saws, while one (0.3%) owned a rice mill.

Table 8: Household Ownership of Assets

Name of Asset

Household Ownership

№ of

Households

% of

Households

Consumption

Eating Utensils-Dishes 358 98.9

Cooking Utensils 356 98.3

Water Containers 295 81.5

Mattress 252 69.6

Chairs 194 53.6

Tables 180 49.7

Mobile Phone 153 42.3

Radio/Tape Recorder 116 32.0

19

Name of Asset

Household Ownership

№ of

Households

% of

Households

Bed 60 16.6

Another House 45 12.4

Motorbikes 22 6.1

Wheelbarrow 14 3.9

Generator 10 2.8

Television 9 2.5

Bicycle 7 1.9

DVD Player 5 1.4

DSTV 3 0.8

Refrigerator 2 0.6

Car 2 0.6

Production Assets

Sugar Cane Mil 5 1.4

Power Saw 5 1.4

Rice mill 1 0.3

Cassava Grinder 0 0.0

Tractor 0 0.0

Conclusions

The Edina Road Catchment area is a sparsely populated, low income region of Grand Bassa, with a youthful

population. The low-income status of the area is reflected in the fact that the predominant activity of the people

is farming, most of which is for subsistence. Poverty and economic challenges are exacerbated by the low

educational profile and access to education. However, there are economic potentials that can increase household

income and wealth such as improvements in education, access to markets, and improved production technology

and business skills.

4.2. Economic Characteristics of the Road Catchment Area

Main Economic Activities

As already indicated, farming and fishing are the main economic activities of the road catchment area. While

most households engaged in farming, the fish trade in the area attracted commercial buyers from as far as

Monrovia and Buchanan. Buyers from Monrovia included fish sellers themselves, who would stay over for days

to buy fresh and dried fish for sale mostly in markets in Monrovia, Harbel, and Buchanan. Little Bassa was

identified to be the most active center of the fish trade. Farming activities were scattered across the entire area.

Access to Markets

Daily markets, where buyers and sellers meet and exchange goods, were non-existent in the catchment area

along the entire length of the 35-km road. The only accessible market was at Compound 1. It is a weekly market,

held on Saturdays. Most households surveyed in the road catchment area attended this one-day weekly market.

However, most have to travel at least 4 kilometers to access this market. Notwithstanding the existence of only

one (weekly) market on the outskirts of the road catchment area, there are shops and mini-market stalls in

virtually every locality in the area, the most active being in Little Bassa, where a new market has also been

constructed, but is yet to be commissioned.

20

Slightly more than half (53.3%) of households had members who sold in the weekly market regularly or

occasionally. The most common commodities sold were rice, cassava, vegetables, fish, and local brew (palm wine

and cane juice).

Business/Commerce in Area

Type and Ownership of Shops

Small trading enterprises (shops) and the selling of agricultural consumer produce were the predominant types

of business establishments in the area. Most shops were owned by those managing them (93%) and they resided

close to their shops. Most of the owners were men (80%), with women owning the remaining 20 percent.

The fish business, on the other hand, is active, but not housed in any formal sale infrastructure. Most transactions

are done on the beach, when the canoes arrive from sea. Only a small portion is brought to town and sold. Even

when this is done, it is likely at the home of the fisherman or the sponsor of the fishing expedition. A typical

fishing trip overnight will fetch 3 to 4 bags of fish.

Type and Sources of Goods Sold

The shops sold a variety of goods, but the most common was “dry goods” (food and non-food items). However,

shops selling food items exclusively accounted for 20 percent, a mixture of food and non-food items (40%), and

other goods, including gasoline and vehicle oil (27%), and drinks only (6.7%). The main sources of goods sold in

the shops were said to be Monrovia (47%), Buchanan (40%), and Harbel (13%).

Table 9: Shop Ownership and Type and Source of Goods Sold

Shop Ownership and Information

on Goods Sold

% of Shops

(n=15)

Shopkeeper’s Ownership of Shops

Owned shop 93.0

Did not own shop (selling for relatives) 7.0

Gender of Shop Owners

Male 80.0

Female 20.0

Type of Goods Sold

Food Items only 20.0

Food and Non-Food 40.0

Other Goods 20.0

Drinks 6.7

Gasoline and Oils (and limited of other goods) 6.7

Tea shop 6.7

Sources of Goods Sold

Monrovia 46.7

Buchanan 40.0

Harbel 13.3

Transportation of Goods

Ninety-three percent (93%) of shopkeepers/owners said they regularly used the Compound 1-Edina Road to

transport their goods. The other seven percent used mostly the river crossing from Buchanan to Edina. This

means that various modes of transportation were used to convey shopkeepers’ goods from purchase to the

points of sale. These include mostly bikes (53.3%), cars (40%), and canoe (6.7%). The cost of transporting goods

21

was based on several factors, including the types and size of the goods being conveyed, road condition, distance

travelled, and the type of vehicle used. From the interviews conducted with passengers, the cost of transporting

goods from the three main sources ranged from L$500 – L$4,000.

Table 10: Means of Transportation of Goods by Shopkeepers

Means of Transportation %

Canoe 6.7

Bikes 53.3

Car/Van 40.0

Shopkeepers’ Income from Sale

The total monthly sales revenues generated by the fifteen shopkeepers surveyed for the month (twenty-six days

excluding Sundays) just prior to the survey was L$795,600. The average monthly sales revenues per shop for

the period was calculated at L$53,040. Most shopkeepers (87%) earned between L$500 and L$3,000 from their

daily sales. This included all female shopkeepers and 70 percent of the male shopkeepers.

Table 11: Daily Income from Shop Sales

Range of Daily Income

from Shop Sales

Gender of Shopkeeper (n=15)

Male (n=10) Female (n=5)

№ % № %

L$500 – L$3,000 7 70.0 5 100.0

L$3,001 – L$8,000 3 30.0 0 0.0

Total 10 100.0 5 100.0

Prices of essential goods/commodities:

The survey captured the prices of a few commodities. Prices of essential commodities captured in catchment

area were as follows: (i) a 50lb. bag of rice L$1,850; a one-pound cup of rice L$30; a gallon of gasoline L$400;

and a one hundred fifty milliliter of imported cooking oil L$30.

Income from Fishing

Sixty-four of the 362 households interviewed mentioned association with fishing as a source of income. The

combined income from sales reported by these households from a single fishing expedition (overnight or daily)

was an estimated L$423,015. This ranged from L$2,850 to L$151,000, with half (50%) earning on average

L$2,383. As shown in Table 12, the total average income from the sale of fish from one fishing expedition was

estimated to be L$6,610.

Table 12: Number and % of HHs by Income Generated from Fishing

Range Households Income (in L$)

№ % Total Avg.

Less than 1000 5 7.8 2,850 570

22

1000-4999 27 42.2 7,3415 2,719

5000-9999 17 26.6 11,0750 6,515

10000-14999 8 12.5 85,000 10,625

15000 and above 7 10.9 151,000 21,571

Total 64 100.0 423,015 6,610

Conclusions

The main economic activities in the area are farming, fishing and petty trading. The fishing trade, which attracts

buyers from as far as Monrovia, makes the area an active economic zone, in terms of activity. However, farming

and fishing are traditionally low-income generators, especially as practiced in this area. These activities neither

employ modern methods or are undertaken on a large-scale, mechanized or commercial manner. They are

mostly undertaken for the subsistence of households. For example, only 20 of 49 rice farmers, who harvested

rice, sold portions of the rice they produced. Petty traders (shop owners) also earn low incomes, due generally

to the low purchasing power of residents. The average daily income from sales is L$2,040, which ranges from

an estimated L$500 to L$8,000, notwithstanding 73 percent of traders earning only between L$500 and L$2,000.

Income from fishing, on the other hand, averages around L$6,610 per overnight catch or fishing trip, even though

half (50%) average between L$570 and L$6,515 from the portion of their catch sold. Accordingly, farming, fishing

and petit trading, as currently undertaken, are not adequate to create sufficient wealth to impact the living

standard of the people. Improved methods of farming, fishing, and marketing that increase productivity will be

needed to increase of farmers, fishermen and traders.

4.3. Transportation and Related Conditions

Traffic Count

The traffic counts provide a measure of the volume and composition of traffic on the Compound #1 – Edina

City Road and the main primary roads adjoining it. It also provides baseline data for measuring the potential

impact of the road rehabilitation on transportation on the road, in terms of volume, cost, and traffic time. The

traffic count tally was taken over a three-day period, from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Two of the three days were

regular week days, while the third (Saturday) was the only weekly “market day” in the road catchment area. The

“market day”, which is held at Compound 1 each week, brings together buyers and sellers from all over the area

to buy and sell all types of goods available in the area, from agricultural to household items to local brew and a

variety of imported items. As shown in Table 13, there are different types of traffic on the Compound 1 – Edina

Road. They include bikes, the most dominant type of vehicle on the road, taxis, pick-ups, and bicycles, among

others.

Table 13 provides a summary of the daily traffic recorded over the three days of count at the five locations of

count along the project road. It shows that traffic was most intense on the Compound #1 side of the road (53%),

followed by the Little Bassa (23%), Gorr and Zoe Roads (10% each), and Edina City (4%). Vehicle types most

common on the road were jeeps, taxis, and pickups. Trucks, primarily used for freight, are the least common.

The data further shows that the most common form of transportation on the road was found to be the

motorcycle., which accounted for 82 percent of all vehicular traffic, followed by taxi (6%), pickup (4.2%), and

SUV (3.3%). Other forms of traffic included truck, push-push, wheelbarrow, and tricycle.

23

Table 13: Average Daily Traffic Volume by Vehicle Type

Location

Direction

of Traffic

Type of Traffic Total

Taxi SUV Pickup Truck Motor-

cycle

Push-

Push

Wheel-

barrow Bicycle № %

Little Bassa In 19 25 16 0 300 1 1 17 379 12.3

Out 19 21 15 0 289 1 1 16 362 11.7

Edina City In 0 8 1 0 82 0 1 0 92 3.0

Out 0 8 1 0 72 0 1 0 82 2.7

Compound

1

In 49 43 43 8 701 0 9 15 868 28.2

Out 47 37 32 6 632 0 5 13 772 25.1

Zoe Town

Junction

In 9 12 4 1 99 0 9 15 149 4.8

Out 9 10 3 0 92 0 5 13 132 4.3

Gorr Town

Junction

In 12 8 4 2 94 0 0 8 128 4.2

Out 12 8 2 2 88 0 0 5 117 3.8

Total 176 180 121 19 2,449 2 32 102 3081 100

% of Total 5.7 5.8 3.9 0.6 79.5 0.1 1.0 3.3 100

The data on vehicular movements recorded over the three days of traffic count show that traffic was

considerably higher on “market day” (Saturday), compared to the other two days. In fact, as shown in Table 14,

over half (52%) of all movements counted occurred on “market day”. Traffic movements recorded for Day 1

made up 26 percent, followed by 22 percent for Day 2. accounted market days were higher than non- market

days.

Table 14: Volume of Traffic by Type of Vehicle and Day of the Week

Vehicle Type

Vehicular Volume by Market and Non-Market Days Total

Day 1-

Non-Market Day

Day 2-

Non-Market Day

Day 3-

Market Day № %

Taxis 29 26 41 96 5.9

Jeep 28 16 36 80 4.9

Pickup 18 30 27 75 4.6

Truck 4 4 6 14 0.9

Motor Bike 350 289 694 1333 81.3

Push-Push/Wheelbarrow 2 5 7 14 0.9

Bicycle 2 12 14 28 1.7

Total 433 382 825 1640 100.0

% 26.4 23.3 50.3 100.0

Road Condition

The condition of the Compound 1-Edina Road was generally assessed by most residents and drivers to be

impassable during the rainy season. They pointed to potholes, ditches, and unsafe bridges to justify their

assessment. For instance, an overwhelming majority of drivers (97%) interviewed indicated that their cars are

affected by the “condition” of the road, especially during the rainy season. The research team did observe

numerous bad patches along the road, including bad bridges, potholes, and ditches, which made travel a little

difficult, and predictably worse during the rainy season, when the wooden bridges become more dangerous to

cross and fragile portions of the road, where water settles, became less stable and turned into mud. The road

was also found to be narrow in width, almost limited to one-way traffic in most places.

24

Cost of Vehicle Operation

The cost of vehicle operation on the project road was assessed by asking vehicle operators to estimate vehicle

operation costs relative to maintenance and insurance. Responses of drivers/vehicle operators show that the

average monthly vehicle maintenance costs varied with the type of transport vehicle, as shown in Table 15. Based

on estimates provided by drivers during the drivers’ interview, the average monthly maintenance cost of vehicles

plying the various routes in the survey catchment area was calculated to be L$3,338.90 for cars and L$2,117.85

for motor bikes.

The cost of insurance reported was generally inconsistent and did not reflect the varying cost of insurance for

different categories of vehicle. It is assumed that the reason for this questionable reporting of insurance costs

was because most vehicles were generally uninsured and/or the operators of the vehicles just did not now the

cost of insurance coverage. Notwithstanding, Table 15 shows that from the costs reported, average insurance

cost for vehicles was L$8,575 for cars and L$8,210 for bikes.

Table 15: Average Monthly Vehicle Maintenance and Insurance Cost by Type of Vehicle

Vehicle Type Vehicle Insurance and Maintenance

Avg. Insurance Cost Avg. Repairs Cost

Car L8,575 L$3,338.90

Motor Bike L$8,210 L$2,117.85

Availability and Price of Fuel. Most drivers (97%) bought fuel along the road. Most of the fuel are purchased

from “can boys” (97%); no driver indicated buying fuel from either modern filling stations or “mixed-shift

stations”. The cost of fuel on the road ranges between L$340 – L$500 per gallon. There is reliability in the

availability of fuel on the road. All drivers interviewed said “yes”, fuel was always available for purchase.

Travel Time and Cost of Travel

Travel time varied between destinations along the road. Travel time is generally a factor of the road conditions,

destinations, and transportation mode. Travel times of passengers surveyed ranged from fifteen minutes to over

one hour in most cases. Average travel time surveyed was 35 minutes 8 seconds. Like cost, travel time varied

according to vehicle type, distance and road conditions. Difficult to navigate roads were higher in fare, compared

to easily navigable roads. From the passengers interviewed, travel fares ranged from L$50 to L$450. The average

fare calculated was L$146.72.

Conclusions

Road conditions impact the movement of people and goods in the area, especially during the raining season.

Road conditions are also affecting vehicle maintenance costs and transportation fares. Given the road conditions,

residents have adopted alternative means of transportation and movement of goods over short distances and

destinations. These include the use of motor bikes, bicycles and wheelbarrows, and their local adaptations, called

“push-push”. Road conditions, influence the non-insurance of most vehicles. Improved road conditions will

enhance the movement of people and goods, enhance access to social services and markets, and contribute to

the socio-economic development of the catchment area.

4.4. Standard Foreign Assistance Indicators

LSA in consultation with the EG team agreed on a list of US Government foreign assistance indicators (See

Annex V) to guide data collection for the study. These indicators were given to SBA to guide the development

25

of the survey questionnaire to response to the fourth research question. Accordingly, the research team

gathered baseline data on most of these indicators. They covered measurements of the impact of US

Government assistance in health, economic growth, and education. The research team also included issues in

governance and the rule of law.

The indicators that will best measure the impact of the road as determined by the baseline study are:

1. 4.7-4 Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger

2. EG.3-1 Number of households benefiting directly from USG assistance under Feed the Future

3. EG.3.1-1 Kilometers of roads improved or constructed as a result of USG assistance

4. 3.2.1-30 Primary Net Enrollment Rate (NER)

5. Main Security Problem

The study has outlined all indicators for this study per USAID/Liberia Development Objective along with their

baseline values in the below section.

Health

Table 16 below lists the six US Government health indicators and their baseline values.

Table 16: US Government Health indicators and their Baseline Values

Standard F Indicator Baseline Value

3.1.8.2-1 Percent of households using an improved sanitation facility 14.7

4.7-4 Prevalence of households with moderate or severe hunger 37.7

HL.7.2-1 Percent of audience who recall hearing or seeing a specific USG-

supported Family Planning/Reproductive Health (FP/RH) 65.5

HL.8.1-1 Number of people gaining access to basic drinking water services

as a result of USG assistance

50.3% of households access

their drinking water from

Protected or safe sources

HL.8.2-5 Percentage of households with soap and water at a handwashing

station commonly used by family members (10 hand pumps in catchment

area)

9.8

HL.8.2-6 Percentage of households in target areas practicing correct use of

recommended household water treatment technologies 14.7

Economic Growth

Standard F economic growth indicators generated from the baseline survey are presented in Table 17.

Table 17: US Government Economic Growth Indicators and their Baseline Values

Standard F Indicator Baseline

Value

EG.3-1 Number of households benefiting directly from USG assistance under Feed the Future 0

EG.3.1-1 Kilometers of roads improved or constructed as a result of USG assistance 0

EG.3.1-2 Hectares under new or improved/rehabilitated irrigation or drainage services as a

result of USG assistance 0

EG.3.1-13 Number of households with formalized land with USG assistance 0

EG.3.2-19 Value of smallholder incremental sales generated with USG assistance 0

EG.3-6 Farmer's gross margin per hectare obtained with USG assistance 0

EG.3-7 Farmer's gross margin per animal obtained with USG assistance 0

26

Education

The following table shows the baseline indicator for education, which basically covers one item: net primary

school enrollment.

Table 18: Government Education Indicators and their Baseline Values

Standard F Indicator Baseline

Value

3.2.1-30 Primary Net Enrollment Rate (NER) 47.3

Democracy and Governance

Table 19: Selected Governance Indicators and their Baseline Values

Standard F Indicator Baseline Value

Police Presence Yes

Judicial Presence No

Main Security Problem Fighting (41.1); Stealing (37.2);

GBV, including Rape (12.6)

Main Source of Redress for residents in the case of an offense

committed against them

Community Leaders (80.0);

Police (13.0); Tribal Court (4.0);

Government Court (2.0)

Satisfaction with Redress 99.7

Recommendation

1. In order to achieve the maximum impact from rehabilitating the Compound 1-Edina Road, the road linking

Buchanan to Upper Buchanan, which is linked to Edina by water transportation should also be rehabilitated.

The idea is that if people and goods can easily flow to and from Edina from Buchanan, then economic activities

will increase in the road catchment area. As it is right now, the flow is limited to Edina-Upper Buchanan and

not the more affluent, business active Buchanan City center due to the very bad road between Upper

Buchanan and Central Buchanan.

27

Annexes

Annex I: Statement of Work

Objectives

On behalf of USAID, LSA will procure the services to conduct a baseline survey to provide comprehensive

quantitative and qualitative data on demographic, socio-economic and transportation-related conditions along

the 35-km Compound 1 to Edina rural road in Grand Bassa County to measure the impact of USAID rural roads

investments.

USAID hypothesizes that road rehabilitation investments will improve access to markets, particularly for

farmers, reduce direct and indirect travel costs and time, increase economic activity, and increase social benefits

(e.g., access to health care, increased educational attendance, voting, security). This baseline will also recommend

Standard Foreign Assistance Indicator(s) across each technical area (Health, Education, Democracy &

Governance, Agriculture (Feed the Future)) and throughout USG that will measure the impact of roads.

Research Questions

The successful offeror will address the following research questions with findings, conclusions, and

recommendations to efficiently rehabilitate and maintain the 35-km Compound 1 to Edina rural road in Grand

Bassa County:

1. What are the social and demographic characteristics of the road catchment area?

2. What are the economic characteristics of the road catchment area?

3. What are the transportation-related conditions of the road catchment area?

4. What Standard Foreign Assistance Indicator(s) and custom indicators across each technical area (Health,

Education, Democracy & Governance, Agriculture (Feed the Future)) will best measure the impact of the roads?

And, what are baseline values for the selected indicators?

Background

Lack of rural transport infrastructure is a major constraint to agricultural development and economic growth in

Liberia. The Constraints Analysis jointly conducted by the USG Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) and the

GOL to underpin the MCC Compact for Liberia identifies inadequate road infrastructure as one of the two top

binding constraints to growth. While donors and the GOL together have provided significant resources (in

excess of $500 million over the past five years) for repair and upkeep of the primary road network, farm to

market roads have in comparison been shortchanged. Most tertiary roads are either not impassable at all, or

can be navigated only during the dry season.

As a consequence, about three-quarters of Liberia’s rural population remains poorly connected to local markets,

administrative centers, health care, education, other goods and services, and national transportation networks.

Responsibility for public road infrastructure construction and maintenance in Liberia lies under the jurisdiction

of the Ministry of Public Works (MPW), within which the Bureau of Rural Development is specifically responsible

for the construction and maintenance of feeder and farm-to-market roads. The Ministry of Transport also plays

a supervisory and regulatory role with regard to road transport.

Resources to fund rehabilitation and maintenance of farm to market roads historically have been very limited.

In FY 2016 both houses of the Liberian legislature passed the Road Maintenance Act under which levies will be

placed on petroleum products and excessive axle loads to provide a dedicated fund for road maintenance (60

percent of the resources raised) and rehabilitation (40 percent), under the oversight of a road fund manager in

the Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning.

USAID/Liberia’s Feeder Roads Alternative and Maintenance Program (FRAMP) is currently working with four

counties to expand their capacities to meet annual planning, budgeting, procurement, and reporting

requirements to access resources from the fund. Also, the Mission completed a qualitative road assessment that

can provide background on the impact of improved roads (Qualitative Assessment of Farm-To-Market Road

28

Rehabilitation: Effects of Improved Road Conditions on Road Catchment Communities in Bong, Lofa, And Nimba

Counties, August 2016.

USAID Program

USAID/Liberia’s assistance to the rural roads sector is funded with a mix of infrastructure, Food for Peace, and

Feed the Future (FTF) resources. Activities have included food and cash for work, a multi-year community

infrastructure rehabilitation award, and direct contracts with Liberian firms for rehabilitation of specific road

segments in four counties with oversight and quality assurance provided through FRAMP. The FRAMP

contractor will develop systems to efficiently rehabilitate and maintain feeder roads in Liberia and build the

capacity of the Liberian Government, county governments, Liberian engineers and contractors, and civil society

organizations/ microenterprises to implement these systems.

FRAMP will be complemented by a construction Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity Contract (IDIQC) yet

to be awarded under which up to 450 km of farm to market roads in the target counties of Bong, Lofa, Nimba

and Grand Bassa will be rehabilitated and maintained. Rehabilitation of the Compound 1 - Edina road is one of

the initial task orders planned to be awarded to local contractors under the IQC.

Methodology

The successful offeror will propose to utilize and adapt the following methods recommended by USAID:

1. Mapping. Working with MPW and FRAMP, develop a detailed map of the entire road length and catchment

area (approximately 5 km along both sides) to include GPS coordinates for all communities, connecting

roads and spurs, schools, health facilities and other public infrastructure, markets, bridges, bodies of water,

and prominent landmarks, and an estimate of the total population within the catchment area.

Community leaders such as clan chiefs, school head teachers and health facility staff should be consulted to

ensure that communities and households accessible only by footpath are included in the count.

1. Data collection plan. The mapping exercise will provide the basis for calculating a sample size for the

household survey (see below) and developing a data collection plan, including estimates of number of key

informant interviews and focus group discussions to be held and a data collection calendar.

2. Traffic counts. Once the mapping is done, traffic counts to document all vehicular and non-vehicular

movement of people and goods along the road will be carried out at points to be determined based on the

mapping. The counts should be done from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. for a minimum of three full days at each selected

point, to include both market days and non-market days. If connecting roads are served by vehicle traffic

these movements should also be captured.

3. Transport costs and times. The traffic counts will also afford an opportunity to collect data on passenger

fares, costs for movement of goods (using commonly-accepted units of measure such as 20-liter containers

and 50 kg bags of produce), vehicle transport and repair costs, travel times by point of origin and destination,

and impact on other forms of transportation such as by canoe.

4. Household survey. The survey instrument must be built on tools used in other population-based surveys

and studies in Liberia, including the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES), the Demographic

and Health Survey (DHS), and the Feed the Future Population-Based Survey (PBS). The key indicators and

variables for which data are to be collected will be defined in consultation with USAID/Liberia and must

reflect the reporting requirements of Feed the Future, USAID/Liberia’s Country Development Cooperation

Strategy (CDCS) and other technical offices reporting requirements (i.e. Standard Foreign Assistance

Indicators). The mapping component affords an opportunity to identify the most important economic and

socio-economic activities for people living along the road and to tailor the questionnaire to local conditions.

Data must be disaggregated by sex of respondent and age cohort. Please see the attached Annex B:

Suggested Guidelines for Methodology.

5. Key informant interviews. Please see the attached Annex B: Suggested Guidelines for Methodology.

6. Focus group discussions. Please see the attached Annex B: Suggested Guidelines for Methodology.

Tasks

29

The successful offer will propose to conduct and adapt the following tasks recommended by USAID:

1. Document review. USAID/Liberia CDCS; FTF/Liberia MYS; DHS, PBS and HIES; FRAMP reports; studies

and reports by other donors engaged in farm to market road rehabilitation and maintenance (SIDA, GIZ);

any other relevant data sources identified by USAID/Liberia

2. In brief meeting with USAID/Liberia technical teams including FTF, Infrastructure, Program Office M&E,

FRAMP, MPW

3. Familiarization visit to road site and meetings with MPW and other County officials

4. Task 1, Mapping including recruitment/training for mapping team and consultations with local and

traditional authorities in collaboration with MPW and FRAMP

5. Task 2, data collection plan. Draft and finalize comprehensive data collection protocol with data

collection instruments for household survey

6. Tasks 3 and 4, traffic counts and transport times/costs data collection (this can be done

simultaneously with finalization of the data collection plan using the mapping team).

7. Translation of data collection instruments into Bassa, if needed

8. Training of enumerators (who may include some/all members of the mapping team) in interview techniques

and data entry using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI). The enumeration team must include

both men and women and should have previous experience with household surveys in rural Liberia

9. Field-testing of data collection instruments

10. Revision of data collection instruments based on field testing

11. Deployment of core team for data collection

12. Tasks 5, 6 and 7: data collection: household survey, KIIs, FGDs. The time required for data

collection in the field depends on the sample size.

13. Task 8 report drafting

14. Task 9 final report

Personnel Requirements

Key personnel for the baseline survey include:

1. Team Leader. Minimum of seven years of experience in social science research and data collection and

analysis in rural settings. Experience leading similar studies preferably in environments similar to Liberia. Fluent

spoken and written English. Excellent writing and analysis skills. Experience and capacity to manage a diverse

team under challenging field conditions. Knowledge of Liberian languages desirable but not required. Advanced

degree in social science desirable.

2. Field Supervisor/Quality Control. Minimum of a good first degree in social science or statistics. Four or

more years of experience with data collection and management in field settings. Excellent local and English

language skills. The position requires an individual who is meticulous and well-organized.

A CAPI specialist should also be considered for the team. The baseline may also require enumerators and

potentially a translator to apply the methods discussed earlier in this SOW.

Budget & Mechanism

The maximum level of funding is USD $86,000 subject to a proposed and detailed budget with budget notes.

LSA will partner with the successful offeror through a subcontract to conduct the study. The subcontractor

may be a firm from Liberia, the US, or a non-prohibited country, per LSA’s USAID Principal Geographic Code

935. Geographic Code 935 authorizes procurement of commodities and services from “any area or country

including the recipient country, but excluding any country that is a prohibited source”.

Deliverables

USAID envisions the following deliverables schedule for the study. All deliverables are subject to approval by

USAID and LSA

30

No. Deliverable Description Proposed

Completion

Date

1. • Draft inception report in Microsoft Word specifying how each of the

research questions will be answered, outlining the study’s methodology,

approach, limitations, data collection and analysis plan, and team roles and

responsibilities. The report should be 30 pages or less, excluding annexes.

Annexes must include, among others:

o Data collection instruments

o All training materials for enumerators

o Comprehensive quality control plan

o Detailed work plan

• Final inception report addressing all feedback, comments, and edits made by

USAID and LSA.

• In-brief presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint to USAID and LSA outlining

the research questions, methodology, limitations, team composition, and

work plan

TBD

2. • Matrix in Microsoft Word with preliminary findings, analysis, conclusions and

recommendations that directly and fully address the research questions

• Preliminary findings presentation to USAID and LSA in Microsoft

PowerPoint

TBD

3. • Draft report in Microsoft Word of no more than 30 pages. It should include

a 3-5-page standalone executive summary, description of the activity, a

limitation and methodology section, and sections answering each of the

research questions with findings, conclusions, and recommendations. The

report must use data visualizations, such as maps, graphs, tables, and

infographics. Findings should be specific, concision and support by analysis,

and recommendations should be specific and practical. The 35-page limit

does not pertain to annexes, which should include all maps, datasets,

transcripts, instruments, work plan, sample frames, etc.

• Final report addressing all feedback, comments, and edits made by USAID

and LSA.

• Presentation of the final report to LSA and USAID in

TBD

31

Annex II: Data Collection Instruments

Household Survey Questionnaire

Module A. Identification

No. Question Response

codes Response

A1 Date of interview DAY MONTH YEAR

A2

Cluster Number

A5 Village Name

A6 Household Number

A7 Enumerator Name/Code

A8 Reviewed by

INSERT SUPERVISOR NAME

A9 Reviewed by

INSERT TEAM LEADER NAME

A10 Data Entry by

INSERT CLERK NAME

A11 Data Entry

INSERT DATE

DAY MONTH YEAR

A12 Data Entry Checked by INSERT

NAME

A13 Data Entry Checked INSERT

DATE

DAY MONTH YEAR

32

Module B. Household Roster

No. Question Response codes Responses

ASK OF THE HEAD OF HOUSEHOLD OR ANOTHER

RESPONSIBLE ADULT MEMBER OF THE HOUSEHOLD.

B1

Hello. My name is _________ and I work for Subah-Belleh Associates

(SBA), a Liberian company based in Monrovia. You may have heard

that USAID is about to work on the Edina Road to make it better for

transporting people and goods. But USAID wants to know how the

improvement of the road condition (explain in simple English) will help

the people living in the towns and villages along the road, from

Compound 1 to Edina. This is because most people believe and have

seen that roads can bring many changes to people and their

community. When the road is good, people will come to buy and sell,

you will travel easily, people will come to your area and do things that

will bring jobs and schools, and health facilities, etc. and you and your

family will benefit. So, before the road work starts, we want to know

about your present condition so that when the road is finished and

you and others start using it, we can come back later and see how

your living condition will change.

You have been selected by chance for this survey and we would very

much appreciate your participation. The survey usually takes about

___ minutes. Your participation is voluntary and you may end the

survey at any time or decide not to answer a particular question.

Your answers will be kept confidential.

Do you agree to participate in the survey?

0 = No >> end

module

0 = Yes

B2

Do you have any questions for me about the survey before we

begin?

ANSWER THEIR QUESTIONS

33

B2. Total Number of Household Members: _____________________

MODULE B3. HOUSEHOLD ROSTER (HEAD OF HH OR RESPONSIBLE ADULT START TIME: HOUR MINUTE

Please tell me the name and sex of each person who lives here, starting with the head of the household. For our purposes today, members of a household are adults

or children that live together and eat from the "same pot". It should include anyone who has lived in your house for 6 of the last 12 months, but it does not include

anyone who lives here but eats separately. AFTER LISTING NAMES, RELATIONSHIP, AND SEX FOR EACH PERSON, ASK QUESTIONS 2A-2C TO BE SURE THAT

THE LISTING IS COMPLETE. THEN ASK APPROPRIATE QUESTIONS IN COLUMNS 1-13 FOR EACH PERSON.

B3. H

ouse

hold

Mem

ber №

B4.

Name

B5.

Gender

1.

Female

2. Male

B6.

Age

B7.

Relationship to HH

Head

1. Household Head

2. Wife/Husband

3. Son

4. Daughter

5. Son/daughter In-

Law

6. Grandchild

7. Parent

8. Brother/Sister

9. Grandparent

10. Others (Specify)

999. I do not know

B8.

Marital Status

1. Single/Never

married

2. Married

3. Separated

4. Devoiced

5. Widow/widower

B9.

ASK FOR AGE 5

& ABOVE:

Is the family

member

literate or

illiterate?

1. Illiterate

2. Literate

B10.

What is the current/last

school that the family

member is attending/has

graduated?

1. Below school age

2. Hasn’t graduated from

any institution

3. Primary School Student

4. Primary School graduate

5. Junior High School

Student

6. Junior high school

graduate

7. High School student

8. High School graduate

9. Vocational School of

Higher Education Student

10. Vocational School of

Higher Education

Graduate

11. University Student

12. University Graduate

13. Masters Student

14. Masters Graduate

15. Doctorate Student

16. Doctorate Graduate

B11.

Ask 16 years and above

What is [NAME] religious

affiliation?

1. Christianity

2. Islam

3. Buddhism

4. Hinduism

5. Traditional Religion

6. No Religion

7. Other (specify)

1

2

3

34

4

5

6

7

8

9

B3. H

ouse

hold

Mem

ber №

B12.

What is [NAME]

Ethnic affiliation?

1. Kpelle

2. Bassa

3. Gio

4. Mano

5. Kru

6. Grebo

7. Mandingo

8. Krahn

9. Gola

10. Gbandi

11. Lorma

12. Kissi

13. Vai

14. Belle

15. Mende

16=Dei

16. Another

Liberian

17. Foreign/Non-

Liberian

B13.

ASK FOR AGE

16 & ABOVE:

Has the

household

member

worked in an

occupation

which

brings income

in the

last 3 months?

1. Yes

2. No

999. Don’t

know

SEE

DEFINITION

FOR “WORK”

BELOW

B14.

If YES, what kind

of Employment

is (NAME)

currently

engaged in?

1. Full-time

2. Part-time

3. Seasonal

4. Temporary

B15.

If household member is not

working, please mention the

reason.

1. Retired

2. Student

3. Housewife (Only for

female spouses)

4. Cannot find a job

5. Pregnant

6. So, ill that he/she cannot

work

7. Too old

8. Too young

9. Handicapped

10. Does not need to work

11. Looks after house works

12. Looks after elderly

13. Looks after children

14. Not allowed to work (e.g.

female members)

15. Does not want to work

16. Other (please specify)

B16.

What is the household

Member’s MAIN

occupations?

1. Farmer

1. Fisherman

2. Livestock breeder

3. Hunter

4. Retired

5. Craftsman

6. Merchant

7. Civil Servant

8. Worker

9. Teacher

10. Student

11. Homemaker

12. Handcrafter

13. Military/Paramilitary

14. Mechanic

15. Repairman

16. Doctor

17. Healer

18. Other (please

specify

998. Not applicable

999. I do not know

B17.

Who is s/he working for?

1. His/her own business

(gets all or a share of

the profits)

2. Family business

(Works with a wage)

3. Family business

(unpaid)

4. Employed by Others in

a business

5. Government Worker

6. NGO Worker

7. Other (specify)

998. Not applicable

999. I do not know

B18.

Does s/he need

to live

outside the

village to do this

job?

If YES, please

state how many

months a year,

If NO, please

enter zero.

999. I do not

know

1

2

3

35

4

5

6

7

8

9

WORK includes jobs in the formal and/or informal sector, full time, part time, or seasonal work that is done within and/or outside the home. Work includes, but is not limited to agricultural daily wage labor, off-farm daily wage labor, income generation activities, sale of goods produced or processed outside the home or at the home, homestead garden or farm (e.g., vegetables, eggs, fish, milk, livestock, artisanal goods), or petty trading. For this indicator, work does not include participating in cash for work, food for work, or conditional transfers and/or productive safety net programs. It does not include either caring for own children, cooking, cleaning or doing other routine chores for own household (e.g., fetching water, collecting firewood) or being involved in agricultural production solely for household consumption.

36

Module C: Housing and Amenities

# Questions and Enumerator

Instructions

Responses and Response

Code Instructions

Resp.

Codes

G

O

T

O

Sup

Please answer the following questions about the house or apartment you and your household currently live

in:

C1 Is this house/apartment:

1=Owned by you or someone in

this household with a mortgage or

loan?

2=Owned by you or someone in

this household free and clear

(without a mortgage or loan)?

3=Rented for cash rent?

4=Occupied without payment of

cash rent?

C2

Which best describes this building?

Include all apartments, flats, etc., even if

vacant.

1=A one-family house detached

from any other house

2=A one-family house attached to

one or more houses

3=A building with 2 apartments

4=A building with 3 or 4

apartments

5=A building with 5 to 9

apartments

C3 Is this house, apartment:

1=Owned by you or someone in

this household with a mortgage or

loan?

2=Owned by you or someone in

this household free and clear

(without a mortgage or loan)?

3=Rented for cash rent?

4=Occupied without payment of

cash rent?

C4 What type of housing structure

does your household live in?

1=Permanent (Concrete wall, floor

& metal roof)

2=Semi-permanent (Walls of dirt

bricks and metal roof)

3=Temporary (Walls of stick and

mud with straw/grass roof)

C5 About when was this building first

built?

C6 How many lots of land is this house

home on?

1=Less than 1 lot

2=1 lot

3=1½ lots

4=2 lots

5=3 lots

6=4 lots

37

7=More than 4 lots

C7

How many separate rooms

are in this

house/apartment?

Rooms must be separated by built-in

archways or walls that extend out at

least 6 inches and go from floor to

ceiling.

• INCLUDE bedrooms, kitchens, etc.

• EXCLUDE bathrooms, porches,

balconies, foyers, halls, or unfinished

basements.

Number of rooms

C8

How many of these rooms are

bedrooms?

Count as bedrooms those rooms you

would list if this house, apartment, or

mobile home were for sale or rent. If

this is an efficiency/studio apartment,

print 0".

Number of bedrooms

C9

How many of these

bedrooms does your

household occupy?

Number of bedrooms

C10

Which of these facilities does your

home contain?

(multiple response)

1=Living room

2=Bathroom

3=Kitchen

4=Pipe-borne water

5=Flush/pour flush toilet

6=Electricity

7=All of the above

8=None

38

Module D. Household Income, Expenditure, and Savings

MODULE D-I. HOUSEHOLD INCOME

№ Questions and Enumerator

Instructions

Responses and Response

Code Instructions

Resp.

Codes

G

O

T

O

Sup

Now, I would like to ask you questions about the money you and your household receive and what you

spend it on. Please try to remember as much as you can.

D1

What are the main income sources

of your family?

(read all the options to the interviewee. 1

important, 2 less important, 3 least

important, 0 none)

•

Source Importance

1.Wage/salary

2.Farming

3. Fishing

3.Husbandry

4.Wood and wood products

5.Tourism

6.Trading

7.Rental income

8.Assisstance of relatives

9.Pensions

10.Poverty funds (State which

one…………………….)

11.Other governmental aids/assistance

(i.e. unemployment wage)

12.In kind aids from the government

(coal etc.)

13. Aids/assistance from NGOs

14.Allowances for elderly

15. Other (please specify)

D2 What is the average monthly

income of the household? •

D3 What is the average yearly income

of the household? •

MODULE D-II. POVERTY

D4 How do you consider yourself?

1. Very poor

2. Poor

3. Lower middle-income level

4. Middle income level

5. Higher middle-income level

6. Rich

7. Very rich

MODULE D-III. HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE

D5

How much did your household spend on

food each day during the last week (in

L$)?

Day Amount in

L$

Avg.

Spent

One (1)

39

(Ask about the days starting with

previous day/yesterday continue

asking about days backward up to 7

days)

Two (2)

Three (3)

Four (4)

Five (5)

Six (6)

Seven (7)

D6

Did you or any member of your

household spend money to eat food

other than the household general meal

during the last seven days?

1= Yes 2 = No

D7 If yes, how much was spent in L$?

D8

How much did your household spend on

leisure such as beverages and other

recreation during the last week in L$?

D9

How much money did your household

spend on clothing for the last month in

L$?

D10

How much did your household spend on

transportation during the last month in

L$?

D11 How much did your household spend on

health during the last month in L$?

D12

How much money did your household

spend on education during the last school

year (in L$?)

Note: This include school fees, book bags,

copy books, pencils, uniform, recess, tutorial

classes, etc.

D13

How often does your household pay

rent for the dwelling you live in?

ASK HOUSEHOLDS WHO RENT (Q__)

1=Do not pay rent

2=Pay rent per month

3=Pay rent every six months

4=Pay rent per year

D14 How much do you pay in L$?

MODULE D-IV. SAVINGS

D15

Do you and/or any member of

your household engage in (or

have) savings?

1= Yes 2 = No

D16 How much do you save yearly?

D17

What do you and/or members of

your household do, or plan to do,

with the money you/he/she/they

save each year?

1 Engage in business

2 Build House

3 Buy other properties

4 Reserve for emergency

5 Bank for interest

6 Pay for children’s education

7 Other (please specify)

40

Module E. Household Ownership of Assets

MODULE E-I: BASIC HOUSEHOLD ASSETS

№ Questions and Enumerator

Instructions

Responses and Response

Code Instructions

Resp.

Codes

GO

TO Sup

E1 Which of the below listed items is owned by you or any member of your

household?

E1a Bed 1= Yes 2 = No

E1b Mattress 1= Yes 2 = No

E1c Radio/Tape Recorder 1= Yes 2 = No

E1d Mobile Phone 1= Yes 2 = No

E1e TV 1= Yes 2 = No

E1f Chairs 1= Yes 2 = No

E1g Tables 1= Yes 2 = No

E1h DVD Player 1= Yes 2 = No

E1i DSTV 1= Yes 2 = No

E1m Cooking Utensils 1= Yes 2 = No

E1n Eating Utensils-Dishes (bowls, plates,

spoons, cups/glasses, etc.) 1= Yes 2 = No

E1o Water Containers 1= Yes 2 = No

E1p Refrigerator 1= Yes 2 = No

E1q Generator 1= Yes 2 = No

E1r Bicycle 1= Yes 2 = No

E1s Motorbikes 1= Yes 2 = No

E1t Car 1= Yes 2 = No

E1u House (other than the one currently

occupied) 1= Yes 2 = No

MODULE E-II: PRODUCTION ASSETS (OTHER THAN LAND)

E2 Which of the below listed items is owned by you or any member of your

household?

E2a Wheelbarrow 1= Yes 2 = No

E2b Sugar Cane Mil 1= Yes 2 = No

E2c Cassava Grinder 1= Yes 2 = No

E2d Rice mill 1= Yes 2 = No

E2e Power Saw 1= Yes 2 = No

E2f Tractor

MODULE E-III: LAND FOR HOUSING

E3 Does your household own vacant land

for housing? 1= Yes 2 = No

E4 If YES, how much land (in lots)?

E5

What type of ownership or access

does your household have to the

farmland?

1=Deed

2=Tribal certificate

3=Customary land

4=Inheritance

5=Rented

5=Squatters

6=Other (specify):

MODULE E-IV: LAND FOR FARMING

E6

Do you or any member of your

household has any agricultural

land or do farming?

1= Yes 2 = No Section

?

41

E7 How many parcels do you own?

E8 How many parcels do you

cultivate?

E9 What is the size of the parcel

cultivated (in hectares)?

E10 What is the ownership status of

the land?

1. I own and cultivate this land

2. I own but don’t cultivate this

land

3. I rent this land from

someone else

4. I rent out this land

5. I have a shareholder

6. Other (please specify

E11 What is the title deed status of

this land?

1. With title deed

2. Without title deed

3. Customary

4. Other

5. 999. I do not

6. know

Is the land irrigated? 1. Yes 2. No 999. I do not

know

E12 If cultivating the land, what do

you cultivate?

E13

How much did it cost to cultivate

all the crops you grow during the

last farming season (in L$)?

E14

How much of each product did

you harvest the last farming

season?

(Measure by 100-lb bag)

E15 How do you use the products?

(Multiple Response)

1. For subsistence

2. Selling at internal markets

3. Selling at external markets

4. Other

999. I do not know

E16

If products were used for both

subsistence and sale, what

portion (%) was set aside for

consumption and what portion

for sale?

Subsistence/Consumption:

______

Sale: _______

E17

What is the approximate value

received from the sale of

products harvested?

MODULE E-V: OWNERSHIP OF CATTLE AND OTHER DOMESTIC ANIMALS

E18 Does your household own any of the

following cattle?

E18a Goats 1= Yes 2 = No

E18b Sheep 1= Yes 2 = No

42

E18c Cows 1= Yes 2 = No

E18d Pigs 1= Yes 2 = No

E18e Chicken 1= Yes 2 = No

E18f Ducks 1= Yes 2 = No

E19 Are the animals your household owns

for:

1. Household Consumption

2. Sale

3. Both consumption and sale

E20

Please estimate how much does it cost

to take care of all of the cattle each

month?

E21

If sold from time to time, how much

did you receive, on average, each

year?

43

Module F. Household Access to Healthcare, Water, and Sanitation

MODULE E-I: ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE

№ Questions and Enumerator

Instructions

Responses and Response Code

Instructions

Resp.

Codes

GO

TO Sup

F1

In the past month, did any of

your household members attend

a health facility

1= Yes 2 = No

F2 If yes, how far is that facility?

1=Less than 1 Km (Less than 12 minutes’

walk)

2=2-3 Km (About 30 minutes’ walk)

3=4-6 Km (A little over 1 hour walk)

4=7-10 Km (About 2 or more hours

walk)

F3 How did the family member get

there?

1. Walk

2. Motorbike

3. Vehicle

4. Bicycle

5. Canoe

F4 How much did it cost to get

there (in L$)

MODULE F-II: WATER AND SANITATION

F5

What is the main source of

drinking water for members of

your household?

Protected Sources

1 = Piped into dwelling

2 = Piped to yard/plot

3 = Public Tap/Standpipe

4 = Tube Well or Borehole

5 = Hand pump, Protected Well

6 = Protected Spring

7 = Water from Spring

8 = Bottled Water

Unprotected Sources

9 = Unprotected Spring

10= Rainwater

11= Unprotected Well

12= Surface Water

(River//Stream/Canal/Irrigation Channel)

Other specify

F6 What type of toilet do you use

here?

1 = Flush or pour Flush Toilet

2 = Flush to Septic Tank

3 = Flush to Pit Latrine

4 = Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine

5 = Pit Latrine with Slab

6 = Compositing Toilet

7 = Bucket Toilet

8 = Hanging Toilet/Hanging Latrine

9 = No Facility/Bush/Field

F7 How does your household

dispose of its garbage?

1 = Use services of waste collectors

2 = Bury it

3 = Burn it

44

4 = Dump into Bushes, empty areas

nearby, or swamp

5 = Dump in river, lake, on beach

6 = Dump into drainage

7 = Dump at community dumpsite or

communal bin

8 = Other (specify):

9 = Don’t know

45

Module G: Market

№ Questions and Enumerator

Instructions

Responses and Response Code

Instructions

Resp.

Code

s

GO

TO

Su

p

G1

How far do you or members of

your household travel to the

nearest market?

1=Less than 1 Km (Less than 12 minutes’

walk)

2=2-3 Km (About 30 minutes’ walk)

3=4-6 Km (A little over 1 hour walk)

4=7-10 Km (About 2 or more hours walk)

G2

Do you and/or any other

member of your household sell

in the market regularly or

seasonally?

1= Yes 2 = No

G3

If YES, what commodities do

you and/or the member(s) of

your household usually sell at

the market?

1 = Food commodities (rice, vegetables, salt,

etc.)

2 = Other cash crops (cocoa, coffee, etc.)

3 = Local breweries (palm wine, cane juice,

etc.)

4 = Palm Oil

5 = Fish

6 = Handcraft

7 = Household provision (soap, hair grease,

etc.)

8 = Clothing

9 = Medicine

Other (specify)

G4 What commodities do you

usually buy from the market?

1 = Food commodities (rice, vegetables, salt,

etc.)

2 = Other cash crops (cocoa, coffee, etc.)

3 = Local breweries (palm wine, cane juice,

etc.)

4 = Palm Oil

5 = Fish

6 = Handcraft

7 = Household provision (soap, hair grease,

etc.)

8 = Clothing

9 = Medicine

Other (specify)

46

Module H: Media Exposure

№ Questions and Enumerator

Instructions

Responses and Response Code

Instructions

Resp.

Codes

GO

TO Sup

H1

Do any member of your

household listen to radio

regularly?

1= Yes 2 = No

H2

If yes, which program do

you/members of your

household listen to?

Multiple response

1. Health program

2. Political program

3. Development program

4. Social program

5. Advocacy program

6. Agriculture program

7. Education program

8. Other

H3

Do any member of your

household watch TV

regularly?

1= Yes 2 = No

H4 If yes, which programs do they

watch most?

1. Health program

2. Political program

3. Development program

4. Social program

5. Advocacy program

6. Agriculture program

7. Education program

8. Other

H5

Do any member of your

household read newspapers

regularly?

1= Yes 2 = No

H6 Which paper(s) do you/they

buy?

H7 How do

you/they get it?

1. From transport driver

2. From travelers coming in

3. From marketers

4. From students who come for weekend

H8

How do you learn about the

local news? Please state the 5

most important channels in

order.

1. National television channels

2. Local radio channels

3. National radio channels

4. Local (county) press

5. National press

6. Internet

7. Posters

8. Brochures

9. Village/Community

announcer/meetings

10. Religious Leader/Place of Worship

11. Teacher

12. Neighbors/friends

13. Other – (please specify)

47

H9

Did you know anything about

the Compound 1-Edina Road

Rehabilitation Project before

today?

1= Yes 2 = No

H10 If Yes, how did you learn about

the project?

1. Local radio channels

2. National radio channels

3. Local (county) press

4. National press

5. Internet

6. Posters

7. Brochures

8. Village/Community

announcer/meetings

9. Religious Leader/Place of Worship

10. Teacher

11. Neighbors/friends

12. Other – (please specify)

48

Module I: Peace and Security

№ Questions and Enumerator

Instructions

Responses and Response Code

Instructions

Resp.

Codes

GO

TO Sup

I1

What kind of crime is common in

this

community?

1. Stealing

2. Raiot/fighting

3. Murder

4. Rape

5. GBV

6. Armed robbery

7. Other (specify)

I2 Where do you go to seek redress

when these crimes are committed?

1. Community grievance committee

2. Community watch team

3. Community leaders

4. Trabal court

5. Police station

6. Civil Court

7. Others

I3 How far is the nearest police

station?

1. Less than 1 Km (Less than 12

minutes’ walk)

2. 2–3 Km (About 30 minutes’ walk)

3. 4–6 Km (A little over 1 hour walk)

4. 7–10 Km (About 2 or more hours

walk)

I4 How do you go there?

1. Walk

2. Motorbike

3. Vehicle

4. Bicycle

5. Canoe

I5

Are you satisfied with the handling

of your cases when you report

them to the police station?

1. Very satisfied

2. Somewhat satisfied

3. Sometimes satisfied

Not satisfied

I6 How far is the nearest court?

1. Less than 1 Km (Less than 12

minutes’ walk)

2. 2–3 Km (About 30 minutes’ walk)

3. 4–6 Km (A little over 1 hour walk)

4. 7–10 Km (About 2 or more hours

walk)

I7 How do you go there?

1. Walk

2. Motorbike

3. Vehicle

4. Bicycle

5. Canoe

I8

Are you satisfied with the handling

of your cases when you report

them to the court?

1. Very satisfied

2. Somewhat satisfied

3. Sometimes satisfied

Not satisfied

I9

Are there service providers in your

community providing services such

as:

1. Women rights advocacy

2. Child rights advocacy

3. Health training

4. Agriculture training

49

5. Awareness on immunization

6. Others

50

Module J: Peace and Security

№ Questions and Enumerator

Instructions

Responses and Response Code

Instructions

Resp.

Codes

GO

TO Sup

J1 Do any of your household

members go to the market? 1= Yes 2 = No

1

2

J2 If yes, how far is the market?

1. Less than 1 Km (Less than 12 minutes’

walk)

2. 2–3 Km (About 30 minutes’ walk)

3. 4–6 Km (A little over 1 hour walk)

4. 7–10 Km (About 2 or more hours walk)

1

2

3

4

J3 How do they get there?

1. Walk

2. Motorbike

3. Vehicle

4. Bicycle

5. Canoe

1

2

3

4

5

J4 How much do they pay to get

there in L$

J5 Do any of your household

members go to the bank? 1= Yes 2 = No

1

2

J6 If yes, how far is the bank?

1. Less than 1 Km (Less than 12 minutes’

walk)

2. 2–3 Km (About 30 minutes’ walk)

3. 4–6 Km (A little over 1 hour walk)

4. 7–10 Km (About 2 or more hours walk)

1

2

3

4

J7 How do they get there?

1. Walk

2. Motorbike

3. Vehicle

4. Bicycle

5. Canoe

1

2

3

4

5

J8 How much do they pay to get

there in L$

J9

Do any of your household

members go to the GOL

service center?

1= Yes 2 = No

1

2

J10 If yes, how far is the GOL

service center?

Less than 1 Km (Less than 12 minutes’

walk)

2 – 3 Km (About 30 minutes’ walk)

4 – 6 Km (A little over 1 hour walk)

7 – 10 Km (About 2 or more hours walk)

1

2

3

4

J11 How do they get there?

1. Walk

2. Motorbike

3. Vehicle

4. Bicycle

5. Canoe

1

2

3

4

5

J12 How much do they pay to get

there in L$

51

Module K: Perceptions and Expectations

K1. In your perception, what are the most important four problems (development) issues in your

community/village?

1. …………………………………………..

2. …………………......................................

3. …………………………………………..

4……………………………………………….

K2. How was your income status, standard of living when compared to 5 years ago?

1. Better 2. The same 3. Worse

K3. What is the reason for this?

K4. What do you think would be the benefits of the project?

1.For your family 2. For the village 3.For the country

K5. What kind of adverse effects can the project cause?

1.For your family 2. For the village 3.For the country

Thank you very much for your time.

52

Annex III: Communities Visited and Data Collection Sources and Numbers Reached

Community

Types of Data Collection Activities and Numbers Reached

№ of

Household

s

Interviewe

d

№ of

FGDs

conducte

d

№ of KII

conducte

d

№ of

Drivers

Interviewe

d

№ of Shop

Keepers

Interviewe

d

№ of

Passengers

Interviewe

d

№ of

Market

Stalls

observe

d

Days

of

Traffi

c

Coun

t

STRATUM

ONE

Little Bassa 22 4 4 7 6 7 1 3

Zoe Town 26 4 1 3

Edina City 21 4 2 1 3 3

Ndorkru 11 2

Gorr Town 23 4 3

Kros Town 17

Kpepus

Town 17

Joezon 14

Noryou 20 1

171

STRATUM

TWO

Xwaclakpoge

i Town 25

Central

Kingsville 28 5

Kpans town 15

Pitos Town 24

Tarrs Town 21

Varmah 8

121

STRATUM

THREE

Three

Houses 12

Barkar 14

Barlakor 19 1

Central Edina 3

Duncan

Town 7

Maleskore 3

Borbor

Village 5

Juahs Town 4 1

Troublegar

Village 3

70

Compound 1 2 23 3 19 2 3

53

GRAND

TOTAL 362 16 11 30 15 30 3 3

54

Annex IV: Mapping Data on All Communities in the Catchment Area

POLITICAL DEMORGRAPHY GENERAL SERVICE FACILITIES RELIGION

UTM GPS

COORDINATES

SETTLEMEN

T CLAN

DW

EL

UNI

TS

POPUL

ATION

HOUS

EHOL

D

DRINK

WATER

HEA

LTH

SC

HO

OL MILL S

POL

ICE

CHU

RCH

MOS

QUE

EASTIN

G

NORTHI

NG

1 LITTLE BASSA

SONEWEI

N 118 2378 137 Hand Pump Clinic

prim

ary No 3 0

365427.6

0 667066.69

2 KPAIN TOWN

SONEWEI

N 21 315 29

Running

Water No No No 1 0

368131.9

2 667528.41

3 JUAHS TOWN

SONEWEI

N 4 11 4

Running

Water No No No 0 0

369067.0

7 666694.26

4 GAYE TOWN

SONEWEI

N 9 35 10

Running

Water No No

Sugar

Cane No 0 0

369624.3

4 667650.00

5 TARRS TOWN

SONEWEI

N 21 95 25

Running

Water No No

Sugar

Cane No 1 0

371750.1

7 667086.53

6 KPORS TOWN

SONEWEI

N 10 45 15

Running

Water No No

Sugar

Cane No 2 0

372951.3

3 667668.54

7

WILLIAM

MISSION

TOWN

SONEWEI

N 9 90 23

Running

Water No No

Sugar

Cane No 1 0

372424.6

9 665621.11

8

GARJAY

TOWN

SONEWEI

N 3 11 4

Running

Water No No No No 0 0

372128.6

7 664712.56

9 SOMA VILLAGE

GBASOH

N 1 15 4

Running

Water No No No No 0 0

372335.2

5 664517.42

10 PITOS TOWN

GBASOH

N 11 58 29

Running

Water No No No No 1 0

372306.6

3 663384.52

11

CENTRAL

EDINA

GOWEN

GBO 9 50 14 Open Well

379857.5

6 655602.00

12 VARMAH

SONEWEI

N 20 66 22

Running

Water No No No No 1 0

370725.8

2 661089.88

13 SAND TOWN

GOWEN

GBO 18 92 18

Running

Water No No No No No

376638.6

1 657577.29

55

14

CENTER

KINGSVILLE

GOWEN

GBO 23 118 36

Running

Water No No No No 1 0

375868.0

6 658349.08

15

BENYONS

TOWN

WENZO

HN 10 41 11 No No No No 0 0

362213.5

7 672387.77

16 KROS TOWN

WENZO

HN 45 195 70 Pump/Water No No No No 1 0

364449.1

8 673367.93

17 JAHN TOWN

SONEWEI

N 13 96 23 Open Well No No No No 0 0

365882.6

9 673234.01

18 BEN LOGAN

SONEWEI

N 22 102 15 Open Well No No No No 1 0

366756.2

0 673408.63

19 SAYE TOWN

SONEWEI

N 18 105 22 Hand Pump No No No No 1 0

367910.3

3 673310.09

20

MYUAH

TOWN

SONEWEI

N 25 130 27 Hand Pump No No No No 1 0

369036.8

4 673639.09

21

OLD LADY

VILLAGE

SONEWEI

N 9 37 15

Running

Water No No No No 0 0

370084.7

0 674300.20

22

ROAD SITE

OFFICE

construct

ion site

office

366825.5

7 672802.79

23

JACKSON

VILLAGE

WENZO

HN 9 63 17 Open Well No No No No 0 0

365729.4

5 675370.63

24 GARANIE

SONEWEI

N 6 27 6

Running

Water No No No No 0 0

365516.8

5 675616.35

25

MASSA

VILLAGE

WENZO

HN 4 23 4 Open Well No No No No 0 0

365313.4

7 675926.39

26

JAYWEE

TOWN

SONEWEI

N 5 14 5 Open Well No No No No 0 0

366789.6

6 676146.31

27 JOEZON

SONEWEI

N 23 135 60

Running

Water No No No No 1 0

365856.7

7 677355.25

28

BOBOR

VILLAGE

SONEWEI

N 6 15 6

Running

Water No No No No 1 0

364160.2

3 671964.93

29 GBAH TOWN

SONEWEI

N 6 24 6

Running

Water No No No No 0 0

365428.0

0 672015.00

30 GORR TOWN

SONEWEI

N 50 194 75 Hand Pump No No No No 1 0

364743.5

1 671527.97

56

31

NORYOU

TOWN

SONEWEI

N 27 121 33

Running

Water No

prim

ary Rice No 1 0

366735.5

5 671539.98

32 ZOE TOWN

SONEWEI

N 65 408 117 Hand Pump No

prim

ary

Sugar

Cane No 1 0

369138.0

0 669614.00

33 ZEON TOWN

SONEWEI

N 20 163 30 Hand Pump No No

Sugar/Ric

e No 1 0

370437.9

3 670909.60

34

GARKONDO

VILLAGE

SONEWEI

N 6 22 11

Running

Water No No No No 0 0

370589.5

8 670663.70

35

GURKPAH

TOWN

SONEWEI

N 15 43 18

Running

Water No No

Sugar

Cane No 1 0

371646.9

0 669939.77

36

YORCEE

TOWN

SONEWEI

N 17 63 26

Running

Water No No

Sugar

Cane No 1 0

372052.0

2 669279.83

37

TROUBLEGAR

VILLIAGE

SONEWEI

N 4 8 4

Running

Water No No No No 0 0

370307.7

9 668203.23

38

CEEGAR

TOWN

SONEWEI

N 5 13 8

Running

Water No No

Sugar

Cane No 1 0

370605.1

1 668159.36

39 PAYTO TOWN

370585.2

1 669254.66

40 NDORKRU

SONEWEI

N 81 140 81

Running

Water No No No No 1 0

372718.2

2 660494.61

41 PLUNKOR

GOWEN

GBO 17 75 17 Hand Pump No No No No 1 0

377051.2

1 657255.5

42 GBAYU

SONEWEI

N 2

House is

always

closed

366825.6

7 672597.35

43 WOE TOWN

SONEWEI

N 6 24 8

Running

Water No No No No 0 0

372205.8

0 661336.52

44 BARKAR

SONEWEI

N 18 71 17

Running

Water No No No No 0 0

373338.9

5 659989.25

45

JOHNNY

TOWN

GOWEN

GBO 9 43 13 Open Well No No No No 0 0

374160.0

7 659272.97

46

DUNCAN

TOWN

GOWEN

GBO 11 38 11

Running

Water No No No No 1 0

375453.8

4 658588.81

47

NYENHEYAN

VILLAGE

SONEWEI

N 17 67 17

Running/Open

well No No No No 0 0

367758.0

0 664423.00

57

48 BARLAKOR

SONEWEI

N 14 80 16

Running

Water No No No No 1 0

368803.7

8 663342.46

49

THREE

HOUSES

SONEWEI

N 11 79 18 Hand Pump No No No No 1 0

365759.6

0 666589.65

50

XWACLAKPO

GEI TOWN

SONEWEI

N 44 284 44

Running/Hand

Pump No No No No 0 0

365034.7

1 667633.01

51

BARNES

TOWN

GOWEN

GBO 7 25 6 Open Well No No No No 0 0

374395.8

3 659799.21

52 GODBA

GOWEN

GBO 5 14 4 Open Well No No No No 0 0

374651.2

2 660125.29

53 MALESKORE

SONEWEI

N 12 46 9 Open Well No No No No 1 0

366074.0

0 666131.00

54 EDINA CITY

GOWEN

GBO 32 415 112 Hand Pump 1

2-

prim

ary cassava 1 2

380980.1

8 654906.15

55 GUES TOWN

LOVEVILL

E 9 50 11

Running

Water

371752.2

5 675197.04

56

BARWIN

TOWN

SONEWEI

N 14 127 17

Running

Water

366784.3

1 669933.97

57

SOMAYOU

TOWN

SONEWEI

N 14 67 17

Running

Water

368460.8

3 672004.08

58

SAYWLACON

VILLAGE

SONEWEI

N 8 39 10

Running/Open

well

370620.7

9 672560.17

59 KPANS TOWN

LOVEVILL

E 24 192 31

Protected

Well

372827.6

8 671736.15

60 TITOS TOWN 12 51 18

Running

Water 371611.5 673511.33

61

SOUCON

TOWN

LOVEVILL

E 34 170 40

Running

Water

371659.5

5 674345.99

62 WLAKON

LOVEVILL

E 28 208 36

Running/Hand

Pump

371579.3

1 671614.32

63 TAKPA TOWN

SONEWEI

N 21 160 47

Running

Water

369559.4

6 672280.97

64

KPEPUS

TOWN

LOVEVILL

E 36 250 70 Hand Pump

371973.6

5 672879.52

58

65

COMPOUND

ONE

SONEWEI

N 41 518 41

Running/Hand

/Open

365716.3

2 678203.03

1214 8654 1690

Annex V. List of Agreed Foreign Assistance Indicators

USAID requested LSA to select indicators from across the USAID/Liberia portfolio to measure the effects of the Compound 1 – Edina Road

Rehabilitation. The indictors will include standard F indicators and custom indicators. Based on discussions between LSA and USAID on May 11, 2017, the

Edina Road Rehabilitation Project Baseline Survey will take baseline measurements for the following indicators:

Indicator Origin Data Collection Method Comments

EG.3-6 Farmer's gross margin

per hectare obtained with

USG assistance

New and Updated F Indicator Household survey, per

Performance Indicator

Reference Sheet (PIRS)

Subcontract SBA will

measure through

household survey

questionnaire and

according to PIRS

EG.3-7 Farmer's gross margin

per animal obtained with USG

assistance

New and Updated F Indicator Household survey, per PIRS Subcontract SBA will

measure through

household survey

questionnaire and

according to PIRS

EG.3.2-19 Value of smallholder

incremental sales generated

with USG assistance

New and Updated F Indicator Household survey, per PIRS Subcontract SBA will

measure through

household survey

questionnaire and

according to PIRS

Prices of staple goods at the

market

Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

USD profits from sales of

select goods

Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

USD savings from sales of

select goods

Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

59

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Price of fuel Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Transportation cost for goods Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Transportation cost for people Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Frequency of student

attendance

Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Number of school supply

deliveries per quarter

Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Number of visits by

supervisory county-level

government staff

Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Number of visits by supervisory district-level

government staff

Custom indicator based on Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Number of patients brought by

ambulance, car, motorbike,

wheelbarrow, and foot

Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Number of ANC visits Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

60

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Number of family planning

visits

Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Number of vaccinations

distributed

Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Frequency of police officer

presence in community

Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator

Perceptions of security by

respondents

Custom indicator based on

Qualitative Assessment of Farm-

to-Market Road

Rehabilitation by LSA in August

2016

Household survey Subcontractor SBA will

develop a related question

in the household survey

questionnaire to measure

this indicator