Bangunan Air 1 (Minggu 3)
Transcript of Bangunan Air 1 (Minggu 3)
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ENERGI AIRENERGI AIR(ELP, tep 361)(ELP, tep 361)
byby
Endah AgustinaEndah Agustina
2006
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Hydro Power: or!ationHydro Power: or!ationHydropower is energy from water sources such as the ocean, rivers and
waterfalls.Necessary Conditions:
Sufficient Head
Continuous Water Supply
Solar Energy> Hydro Energy<1%
Source: TUA
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Energi AirEnergi Air
"E#E$%& 'HE$& (te!peratur)E#E$%& 'HE$& (te!peratur)
"E#E$%& E*A#& (head, +ow)E#E$%& E*A#& (head, +ow)
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Pe!anaatan:Pe!anaatan:
" Pe!bang-it energi .istri-Pe!bang-it energi .istri-
" Penghasi. energi !e-anisPenghasi. energi !e-anis
(putaran turbin, -in/ir air)(putaran turbin, -in/ir air)
" 'ransportasi 'ransportasi
" Po!pa airPo!pa air
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ENERGI TERMIS
CONTOH :
" 'E (o/ean ther!a. energy /onersion PEA#AA'A# PE$E4AA# 5H5 A#'A$A A&$ 4&
PE$5*AA# LA5' 4E#%A# A&$ 4& AAH PE$5*AA LA5' 'E%A#%A# (e!) daya .istri-
" &'E &LE$ (-ete. uap)
A&$ 4&PA#A*A# APA& 4E#%A# AE 5AP 4A#
E#%HA&L*A# 75PE$ HEA'E4 'EA8 9A#% E& 5H5 4A# 'E*A#A# '&#%%& !enggera--an turbin uap e!e-anis dan pe!bang-it .istri-
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ENERGI MEKANISENERGI POTENSIAL
ENERGI KINETIK
CONTOH :
" A&$ 'E$;5# (e potensia., E < !gh)
" A$5 = AL&$A# L5&4A (e !e-anis, E < > !?2
" A* (e !e-anis)
" PAA#% 5$5' A&$ LA5' (e!e-anis)
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AIR TERJUN
emanfaatan energi potensia !"r eta# #etinggian$ a" E % mg&
" 'onto&: PLTA( mi#ro&i"ro( mini&i"ro"Conto& per&it)ngan : "i#tat ELP &a*+,-.+,,
A R U S
"Pemanfaatan ar)s pa"a perm)#aan air" E % / m0+
" Conto&: #in'ir air( transportasi air( pompa air"Unt)# mening#at#an 0( "i1)at "e2e#tor
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PASANG SURUT
" Pemanfaatan airan air a)t men)3)4meningga# pantai )nt)# mem)tar t)r1in*" T)r1in &ar)sa& "apat 1erp)tar ")a ara&*
" P)taran t)r1in a#an menggera##an generator " meng&asi#an istri#*
Conto& :5i Peran'is +67 M8( A)straia !977 777 K8H$( US
;77 M8( Kana"a +7<, M8( "an Argentina ,+7 MKana"a +7<, M8$
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Hydro Power: Energy onersionHydro Power: Energy onersion
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Hydro Power: 'urbine 'ypesHydro Power: 'urbine 'ypes
kW Range
MW Range
Source:TUA
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Hydro Power: Energy utputHydro Power: Energy utput
Source:TUA
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Hydro Power: 'urbine hara/teristi/sHydro Power: 'urbine hara/teristi/s
Source:TUA
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Hydro Power: 'urbine 4esignHydro Power: 'urbine 4esign
Source:TUA
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Hydro Power: E.aboration o E@a!p.eHydro Power: E.aboration o E@a!p.e
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Hydro Power: 'urbine e.e/tionHydro Power: 'urbine e.e/tion
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ontoh turbin generatoruntu- !i-rohidro pi-ohidrodi &ndonesia
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5esa Man"iri Energi( Ka1* Ka!mini&i"ro +6 K8&$
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PLTMHPembangkit Listrik Te-
naga Mikro Hidrodi desa Cinta Mekar,Subang -Jabar
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Potensi Energi %e.o!bang diPotensi Energi %e.o!bang di
&ndonesia&ndonesia
Angka-angka di atas menunjukkan besarnya daya rerata sepanjang tahun,dalam kW per meter ‘lebar’ gelombang (sepanjang arah garis pantai).
Sistem Konersi !nergi "elombang antara lain dengan
menggunakan#
$appered %hannel, &W%, 'elamis, Wae ragon, dan Wae Sing.
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Oscillating Water Column (OWC)
'rinsip kerja
• Gelombang menjalar menuju lubang di depan OWC, sebagian energi gelombang di
refleksikan dan sebagian ditransmisikan dalam chamber melalui lubang tersebut.• Muka air di dalam chamber mengalami fluktuasi naik dan turun.• aat muka air naik di dalam chamber, tekanan udara di dalam chamber membesar dan lebih
besar dari tekanan udara di luar sehingga terjadi aliran udara keluar, mengakibatkan turbin
!ang dihubungkan dengan generator berputar, sehingga menghasilkan listrik.• aat air di dalam chamber turun, tekanan udara di dalam chamber berkurang dan lebih kecil
dari tekanan atmosfir sehingga terjadi aliran udara dari luar menuju chamber !ang
mengakibatkan berputarn!a turbin dengan generatorn!a, sehingga juga menghasilkan listrik.
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"eberapa Contoh OWC di #uar $egeri
&W% terapung di *epang ( + kW)
&W% nggris ( ren/ana 0 1W)
&W% 2oregia ( 3 kW)
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5;& PE$A&#AL 4& PA#'A&5;& PE$A&#AL 4& PA#'A&
PA$A#%$A5*BA$#B%5#5#% *&45LPA$A#%$A5*BA$#B%5#5#% *&45L
PEMBUAA! "WC
U#$ "PES$"!A& "WCSource BPPT
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'elamis
'rinsip kerja#
$he 'elamis is a semi-submerged, arti/ulated stru/ture /omposed o4
/ylindri/al se/tions linked by hinged joints. $he ae-indu/ed motion
o4 these joints is resisted by hydrauli/ rams, hi/h pump high-pressure oil through hydrauli/ motors ia smoothing a//umulators.
$he hydrauli/ motors drie ele/tri/al generators to produ/e
ele/tri/ity. 'oer 4rom all the joints is 4ed don a single umbili/al
/able to a jun/tion on the sea bed. Seeral dei/es /an be /onne/ted
together and linked to shore through a single seabed /able.
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%elamis
%engujian di lapangan
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%elamis
&ull cale' * kW
%anjang + -* m
iameter + /. m
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%elamis
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Wa0e ragon
'rinsip kerja#
"elombang datang ditampung di dalam reseroir yang lebih
tinggi dari permukaan laut. Air kemudian dialirkan melalui
beberapa turbin yang menggerakkan generator.
$iga langkah konersi#
&ertopping (absorption) -5 Storage (reseroir) -5 poer-take-
o44 (lo-head hydro turbines).
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%1#2O 3 4$5#6
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NR!" #"$%R"& '(R" (R)$ #()%
*otensi 'aya pada (rus #aut :P ' ( A) ρ *+
P ' daya , -att .
A ' luas Pena/pang 0asa , /2 .
ρ ' Berat 3enis air laut ' 1425 6g7/+
Contoh :
+ - mdt , ( / 0 1 m-
Maka *otensi 'aya yang diterima &incir adalah:
* 2 3/ 0 14 0 5.6-/ 0 -7
Watt 5-7666 Watt 5-7 &w.
8ila efisiensi sekitar -/9 maka 'aya yang dihasilkan tiap kincir sekitar 76./ kw.
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#'H P'E#& A$5 4& #E&A#'H P'E#& A$5 4& #E&A
&C*(%(N (R)$ M(&$"M(# 3 $)M8R : '"$H"'R;$ 4
%(H)N -66-
#;&($" &C. (R)$ #;&($" &C. (R)$
3 mdetik 4 3 mdetik 4
<eting *ulau
sedepa 4)845 %u=uh 4)581
<eting $elat
#ong 4)9:1 8angka 4)929
38 amelia4
$elat $elat
'urian 1)94; $unda 1)118
$elat $elat$ingapura 1)118 8angka
38 Nemesis4 4)845
$elat $ura<aya
Riau 3 alur
3<ag )tara4 1)8:8 8arat4 4);8+
$elat $elat
8erhala 4);+; #em<eh 4)8<;
$elat $elat
Riau Capalulu <)2<:
3<ag $el4 4):15
*ulau- $elat
#ingga 4);+; $ele 4):94
$ungai $elat Muli
Muturi 4);8+ 3'ekat 8am<u4 2)+2<3%. 8erau 4
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Hydro Power: Eniron!enta. &!pa/tsHydro Power: Eniron!enta. &!pa/ts
" //upation o pa/e: Loss o hu!an//upation o pa/e: Loss o hu!an
habitat, Loss o Agri/u.ture and wi.d .ie (B)habitat, Loss o Agri/u.ture and wi.d .ie (B)
" Hindran/e o ish !igration (B)Hindran/e o ish !igration (B)
" edi!entation (B)edi!entation (B)
" a/terio.ogi/a. growth (B)a/terio.ogi/a. growth (B)
" 4anger o da! rupture (B)4anger o da! rupture (B)
" o!pensation o eaporation (C)o!pensation o eaporation (C)
" 2 redu/tion (C)2 redu/tion (C)