Bangladesh water-pact---overview
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Transcript of Bangladesh water-pact---overview
Textile Sector Overview Bangladesh’s key sector is a major contributor to water availability and pollution issues
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Textile Sector
Export contribution
Economic relevance
Factory concentration
Water consumption
Water pollution
Groundwater depletion
• Estimated to be a $17.9 billion industry, textiles accounts for
30% of Bangladesh’s industrial sector GDP
• Textile industry employs 3.6 million people of whom 85% are
women
• Textile and garments industry accounts for
~80% of export earnings
• Sector includes 1,700 garment washing, dyeing and finishing units, in and around the Dhaka metropolis, and
impacts the lives of 12 million + inhabitants
• Textile industry is the country’s second biggest polluter (after tanneries), significantly impacting water surface and groundwater quality
• Sector consumes 1,500 billion liters of groundwater annually for a total production of 5 million tons of fabric (300 liters per kg fabric)
• Greater Dhaka area is experiencing decline in groundwater tables at the rate of 1-2 meters/ year, with seasonal water shortages
Key features of Textile Sector
PaCT Objectives Program aims at transformation of the textile sector through positive social, environmental
and economic impact creation
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REDUCTION IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND GHG EMISSIONS – 150,000MT
• Lack of awareness around optimal operations and maintenance practices lead to significant energy wastage
• Estimates suggest adoption of low-cost/ no-cost cleaner production measures by the sector’s 1,700 wet processing units will result in savings of 600 thousand MWH of electricity and 1.3 billion m3 of gas
REDUCTION OF WATER USAGE – 25MCM
• Textile sector’s overall water usage is highly inefficient, using on average 300 liters of water per kg fabric
• Best practice water usage is estimated at ~50 liters of water per kg fabric
• Substantial water savings are possible through adoption of low-cost/ no-cost cleaner production measures, as well as water treatment/ reuse and new WDF technologies
REDUCTION OF WASTEWATER USE/ QUALITY IMPROVEMENT – [Target TBD]
• Textile sector is a significant contributor to surface water pollution
• Inadequate/ improper effluent treatment are contaminating agricultural land, reducing local crop yields1 and increasing costs of water treatment for potable requirements2
IMPROVEMENT TO OHS/ WASH CONDITIONS
• Lack of capacity, low attention to occupational health and safety, and limited access to sanitation facilities lead to significant health risks for workers
• Improvement of WASH facilities can avoid water-borne illnesses and worker absenteeism
Goals of PaCT Program
Investment Facilitation: US$50 million
Bangladesh PaCT
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Rationale for water-use efficiency in rice cultivation Program Overview
• Development of harmonized procurement guidelines (Target: ~15 buyers)
• Training for buyer’s international and local procurement teams on harmonized procurement guidelines (Target: ~400 staff)
• Step 1: Awareness building/ motivation for CP (Target: 500 factories)
• Step 2: Factory-specific advice on Cleaner Production (Target: 200 factories)
• Step 3: Investment in technologies (Target: 100 factories)
• Operational, multi-stakeholder Textile Sustainability Platform to raise awareness/ build alignment among firms, associations, policy makers, civil society, financial institutions, and donors
15 awareness/ consultative workshops at sector and cluster level
5 collective action plans
BUYER CAPACITY BUILDING FACTORY SUPPORT MULTI-STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Steering Committee
• Netherlands Embassy
• Lead Sponsors • BGMEA
Program Management
• IFC Advisory Services (managerial and technical staff)
Program Partners
• Buyers • Factories • Government • Banks
Implementing Partners
• Solidaridad
• Water Footprint Network
• BGMEA
Par
tne
rs
* About 200 local companies will contribute another $1 million in cash fees, for total of $4 million private sector cash contribution
Factory Support
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Step 1: Awareness building/ motivation for CP (Target: 500 factories)P (Target: 500 factories)
Step 2: Factory-level advice on Cleaner Production (CP measures) and water footprint reduction (Target: 200 factories)
Step 3: Facilitation of investment in technologies with significant water sustainability benefits (Target: 100 factories)
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1. Textile dyeing consumes huge amounts
of softened water : 50 - 500 liter/kg fabric*.
2. Ground water is almost free in BD and
hence used without restrains or recycling.
3. Lots of salt (low cost) added to the water
ends up in the rivers : 0.4 - 0.8 kg/kg fabric*.
In Depth CP assessment
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• Good factory
• Good attitude towards improving resource efficiency
• Many good practices in place
• Many opportunities to improve
In Depth CP Assessment
Opportunities in Dye house
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• Process engineering
Shorter processes
Lower temperatures
• Increasing right first time performance
Bulk
Lab to bulk
• Reducing energy in drying
• Recycling
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High fixation dye Enzyme bleaching
Recommendations
Change of Dyeing machine
•iMaster low liquor machines
•3.7:1 liquor ratio
Water metering
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• Cold Pad Batch plus counter-flow
bleach and wash-off
• -50% Water*
• -40% Steam*
• -40% Electricity*
Cold Pad Batch
Opportunities in finishing
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• Profile moisture content of all pre-dry fabrics
• Reduce pre-dry moisture
Mangles approx 30,000 Euro
Saving approx 30% of energy requirement
• Avoid over-drying
Moisture meters on all stenters
Saving further 5% of energy requirement
• Heat recovery from stenters
Opportunities in effluent treatment, water
recycling resource recovery
• Recover chemicals and reduce salinity at
the source by regenerating bleaching
wastewater
• Recover salt and reduce salinity at the
source by regenerating dyeing
wastewater
• Replace air mixing in ETP by submersible
mixers as to improve performance and
save energy
• Improve the clarifier(s) as to boost the
ETP effluent quality for reuse
• Improve the quality of the bio-sludge as
to boost the ETP effluent quality for reuse
• Remove color and add nutrients in ETP as
to enable water recycling
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Opportunities in effluent treatment, water
recycling resource recovery
• Remove color and add
nutrients in ETP as to enable
water recycling
• Add basic water recycling
• Invest in basic ETP lab/field
equipment as to support high
ETP performance
• Invest in capacity building by
training ETP management and
operators
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Opportunities in Utilities Section
• Measure energy production & consumption in
real-time - Measuring = Knowing
• Monitor and manage energy production &
consumption
• Install economizers on all operating steam boilers
• Install an oxygen trim on all operating steam
boilers and generators
• Install a steam management control system
• Recover stack heat from all gas fired generators
• Install a electrical power management control
system
• Reduce steam consumption and increase steam
condensate return
• Tune/revamp/upgrade or replace the gas fired
generator
• Recover engine jacket, turbo and oil cooler heat
from all operating generators
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