Bamboo for a cleaner world & happier people 2

“Help Save the World with Bamboo”

By

Dr. Segundino U. Foronda, Ph.D. Forester, Inventor & Forest Products Specialist

E-mail: [email protected]

Democracy “Mr. 8” Icawalo INBAR Alumnus & Bamboo Advocate

E-mail: [email protected]

If you don't know that much about bamboo,

then be ready,

to fall in love,

with this miracle grass, because

Bamboo is a sustainable material that can be used to make a lot of things.

But bamboo still has other uses the top of which is that it could be one of the best solutions if not the best to

address the climate change problem!

What is Climate Change?

• Climate Change refers to any change in climate over time whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity or changing levels of Green House Gases (GHGs).

• It describes the short and long term effects on the earth’s climate as a result of human activities such as fossil fuel combustion and vegetation clearing and burning.

• It is also now referred to as GLOBAL WARMING.

CLIMATE CHANGE

Causes of Climate Change

1. Wanton utilization of fossil fuels

(Power Plants, vehicles, factories, etc)

2. Deforestation

Effects of Climate Change

• Pollution of water, air and soil

• Polar ice caps melting

• Negative economic consequences

• Increased extreme weather conditions

• Spread of diseases

• Landscape changes

• Adverse effects on agriculture and food supply

CO2 Level

Time Frame

This means that we have up to year 2040 to solve this would be catastrophe if ever!

As of the first week of May 2013, the latest reading by the Scripps Institution was already

400-ppm.

“The 400-ppm threshold is a sobering milestone and should

serve as a wake-up call for all of us to support clean energy technology

and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases before it is too

late for our children and grandchildren.”-Tim Lueker of the

Scripps Institution

July-August 2013 Heat Wave

Dried up pond in Shaogang County, Hunan province after 40 days of no rainfall starting June 20, 2013.


A giant panda in Wuhan, Hubei province lying in ice to cool from extreme summer heat. August 6, 2013.


The 12 m high thermometer in Flaming Mountain, Turpan, Zinjiang Ulghur Autonomous Region with a reading of 78 degrees C. July 30, 2013.

Europe Heat Wave

USA Heat Wave

NASA MANDATE

•Remove 36.85 gigatons of C02 from the atmosphere•Every year for 30 years starting from 2011•To return the earth to balance

•Where to start???

Only Natural Processes Can Draw Down CO2

Bamboo Approach to Climate Change

SOLUTIONS

1. Re-greening with trees and bambooBamboo is more recommended, however, considering its natural characteristics as follows:

- Bamboo absorbs 35% more carbon dioxide compared to trees. It also emits 35% more oxygen. Even in finished products form, it will not release its C02 contents for centuries.

- It is much more sustainable and easier to plant. Unlike trees that need to be planted and

replanted, bamboo can be planted only once and it will be there for life. - Even when burned, it will just grow back unlike trees.

- Regreens the earth faster than trees.

- Its maximum maturity period is only 5

years while the minimum for some tree

species is 10 years at least.

- Controls erosion along river banks.

- Establishes on depleted soils.

- Restores soil fertility.

- Improves micro-climate bringing needed

rains.

- It is most sustainable. No need for replanting, fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides.

• 2. Shift from dirty non-

sustainable fossil-based fuel to

clean and sustainable bio-fuel.

Bio-OilWhat is bio-oil (BO)?

• Not oil in traditional sense

• Liquified biomass, molecular composition resembles the feedstock

• Clean burning, carbon dioxide neutral fuel

• Aka: pyrolysis oil, bio-crude oil

• Can be co-fired in furnaces, boilers, gas turbines, and diesel engines

Benefits of Bio-Oil• Reduce dependence on fossil fuel• Establish land cover• Reduce GHG emissions• Create jobs• Motivate economic activity in the countryside• Stabilizes rural economies• Save foreign exchange• Cheaper than fossil fuel

Bio-OilGreen substitute to

conventional fossil fuels

in power generation for

now.

( Soon, for transportation

fuels! )

Bio-Oil ProcessingFast Pyrolysis

Products of Fast PyrolysisBio-oil

- Liquified biomass

- Can be stored, pumped and transported

Non-condensable gas

- Re-circulated into the pyrolysis process

Char

- Black powder- Incompletely

combusted biomass

FEEDSTOCKAny lignocellulosic or cellulosic material,

forestry, agricultural and processing residues like -

• Wood, sawdust, bark, forest slash, waste paper

• Rice straw & husk, corn stalks & cobs, bamboo

• Cellulosic residues from bio-diesel/ bio-ethanol

production, e.g., coco shell & husk, bagasse, etc.

• Poultry litter, animal dung

No competition with food supply!

Bio-Fuel Crops Compared

• Indigenous plant species

• Easier to establish than tree species

• High regenerative capacity, even when burned

• High capacity to withstand extreme environmental conditions

• Fast growing and high-biomass yield

• Short maturity period

• Most sustainable

• Co-products:

- Bamboo shoots

- High quality pole segments

Bamboo – Most Favorable Feedstock

Cost of Bio-Oil“Even more importantly, bio-oil is priced at

$25 - $35 a barrel…” (Zeman, 2007)

Equiv crude oil: US$ 45.45 – 63.64 a barrel

CDM benefits when factored will increase bio-oil’s competitiveness!

Bamboo BO Plant Capacity

1000 ha plantation = 100TPD BO Facility

Daily BO output = 70-75 TPD

Moving Forward

Invest in Bamboo Bio-oil Production

and make money!

Reduce dependence on fossil fuels

Reduce GHG emissions

Protect the environment

Reduce Poverty

Bio-CoalWhat is bio-coal?• Torrefied biomass• Aka: e-coal, green coal• No smoke/ odor, clean• HHV = 22-26 MJ/kg• Easy to mill, friable• Hydrophobic• Decay resistant

Benefits of Bio-coal• Stores and handles like fossil coal• Requires no retrofitting for coal-fired plants• Consistent and uniform fuel efficiency • Generates electricity as efficiently as fossil coal • Enables immediate GHG emissions reduction• Fossil coal will emit (+/-) 300% more carbon dioxide

compared to bio-coal• Cost of bio-coal is only (+/-) 40% of the cost of

fossil coal

Bio-coal ProcessingTorrefaction • 200-300 °C • zero oxygen• (+/-) 30 minutes

Densification• milling/ grinding• pelletizing

Bio-Coal Recovery Rate

• 70% of biomass at 10% MC.

• 1000 has can produce 60-65 tons of BC daily

Fossil Fuels Bio-oil & Bio-coal Non-renewable Renewable Grey CO2 (Dirty) Green CO2 (Clean) Not cheap Cheaper than fossil fuels

Fossil Fuel vs Bio-Fuel

Bio-Char

What is Bio-Char?

• It is a by-product of pyrolisis process

B i o c h a r

s e q u e s t e r s

c a r b o n f r o m

t h e a t m o s p h e r e

v i a c h a r r e d

p l a n t b i o m a s s

i n t h e s o i l f o r

c e n t u r i e s w h i l e

i n c r e a s i n g s o i l

f e r t i l i t y .

Win-winThis bio-char is put into the soil and does not revert to CO2 for an estimated 1000 years, making bio-fuels carbon negative.

A win-win process that gives us fuel and relieves us of the burden of too much CO2 in the atmosphere.

Bio-char with Microbes

Inoculating it with locally collected microbes and nutrients, bio-char will make a type of soil that will aid the soil biology in drawing significant amounts of atmospheric carbon.

Bio-Char for Climate Stabilization

Bio-Char is black gold to climate stabilization.

Bio-Char Works!

We need to move

from here

to here!

Remember, we need to save our world for our children.

Help save the world with bamboo!!!

Keep this in mind

Wishing us the best!- Mr.8

Bamboo for a cleaner world & happier people 2

Environment

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