Balderas - 1030am - Repaired Congenital Heart Disease ... · Perloff JK, Warnes CA, Challenges...

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3/14/2018 1 Repaired Congenital Heart Disease: What did they do & How is it Doing? JULIET J BALDERAS, MD MSPH March 22,2018 Conrad Manila Disclosure Nothing to Disclose Repaired Congenital Heart Disease : What Did they Do and How is it Doing Conrad Manila March 22‐24, 2018

Transcript of Balderas - 1030am - Repaired Congenital Heart Disease ... · Perloff JK, Warnes CA, Challenges...

Page 1: Balderas - 1030am - Repaired Congenital Heart Disease ... · Perloff JK, Warnes CA, Challenges posed by adults with repaired congenital heart disease, Circulation, 2001;103:2637–43.

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Repaired Congenital Heart Disease: What did they do & How is it Doing?JULIET J BALDERAS, MD MSPHMarch 22,2018Conrad Manila

Disclosure

• Nothing to Disclose

Repaired Congenital Heart Disease : What Did they Do and How is it DoingConrad Manila March 22‐24, 2018

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General Goals of Congenital Cardiac Surgery • Create physiologically normal circulation

• Decrease hypoxia 

‐ increase pulmonary blood flow

‐ create separate pulmonary and systemic circulation

Improve growth to height ration in children

Repaired Congenital Heart Disease : What Did they Do and How is it DoingConrad Manila March 22‐24, 2018

Outcome Objectives of Postoperative Echocardiogram:• What did they do : IMMEDIATE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD1.  Assess  CHD Surgeries :  reparative, palliative, or revisionary. 2. provide full knowledge of  the lesions  necessary for post‐operative            

care of patients 

3. determine potential post‐operative complications  being             associated with intraoperative management (surgical technique, cardiopulmonary bypass, and perfusion),

Repaired Congenital Heart Disease : What Did they Do and How is it DoingConrad Manila March 22‐24, 2018

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Outcome Objectives of Postoperative Echocradiogram:• How is it Doing : LONGTERM FOLLOW UP AND OUTCOME

1. Related to indicators that affect  the longevity of  the           hemodynamic effects  of the repair : immediate  1‐5‐10 year period 

2. Related to lesions  that may cause:

a. long‐term effects that require re‐operation

b. increase morbidity and mortality‐ Over time

Repaired Congenital Heart Disease : What Did they Do and How is it DoingConrad Manila March 22‐24, 2018

Definitions:

“Residua” vs “Sequelae”

Perloff JK, Warnes CA, Challenges posed by adults with repaired congenital heart disease, Circulation, 2001;103:2637–43.

Repaired Congenital Heart Disease : What Did they Do and How is it DoingConrad Manila March 22‐24, 2018

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Definitions: Residua• ’ Residua refers conditions that are ‘left‐over,’

• that are obligatory to or consequences of the pre‐operative diagnosis and state. 

• They are separate from the operative design   and are not the result of surgery having fallen short of its objective 

Perloff JK, Warnes CA, Challenges posed by adults with repaired congenital heart disease, Circulation, 2001;103:2637–43.

Repaired Congenital Heart Disease : What Did they Do and How is it DoingConrad Manila March 22‐24, 2018

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Postop Echo Evaluation : ShuntsVentricular Septal Defect

• LEFT HEARTResidual VSD Left ventricular size, ventricular function Aortic valve function Right coronary cusp 

prolapse or thickening

• RIGHT HEARTRight ventricular size and function

Right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressuresEvaluate for pulmonary stenosis if prior banding

ECHOCARDIOGRAPIC –GUIDE POSTOP RECOMMENDATION

• RESIDUAL SHUNT REPAIR 

SURGERY VS. DEVICE ?   

1. Measure size of VSD at LV  

and RV side2. Distance of the VSD from the aortic valve at the 5  chamber view

3. Postoperative PA Pressure

Perloff JK, Warnes CA, Challenges posed by adults with repaired congenital heart disease, Circulation, 2001;103:2637–43.

Repaired Congenital Heart Disease : What Did they Do and How is it DoingConrad Manila March 22‐24, 2018

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Residual VSD shunt

Residual VSD shunt

Size = 0.4‐0.5 cm Gradient = 19mmHg

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Echocardiographic Evaluation of Repaired AVSeptal Defect

CHECKLIST • 1. Residual VSD / ASD

• 2.Residual Mitral Regurgitation

• 3. Residual Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction 

• 4 . Postoperative

Pulmonary Arterial       Hypertension 

S/P AVSD REPAIR

MR  jet = 67 mmHg

TR jet = 75 mmHg

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Coarctation of the Aorta : Check Long-term ComplicationsCHECKLIST• 1. Arterial hypertension May occur even with optimal repair

• 2.Blood pressure in left arm may be inaccurate 

• 3. Re‐coarctation or residual coarctation Aneurysms

Red Flag: Residual 

Doppler gradient : > 25 mmHg

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Post COA repair with residual 

RESIDUAL COA = 63 mmHg

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Repaired Coarctation of the Aorta

CHECKLIST • 1. Aortic size 

• Proximal and distal velocity through repair 

• 2. Abdominal Doppler

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Longterm Complications: Tetralogy of Fallot• Pulmonary insufficiency and RV dysfunction 

• Transannular patch associated with significant PI• Arrhythmias Supraventricular and ventricular 

• Sudden death • Exercise intolerance Decreased compared with age matched controls

Echocardiographic Evaluation of TOF Total Correction

CHECKLIST • 1.Right heart size and function

• 2. Pulmonary regurgitation 

• 3. Pulmonary stenosis 

• 4. Left ventricular size and function

• 5. Aortic size and aortic valve function

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s/p TOF repair with PR

Residual Pulmonic Stenosis

47 mmHg

Pulmonic Regurgitation 32 mmHg

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Postoperative Echocardiographic Assessment : Arterial Switch Operation:

CHECK LIST

• 1. RV/LV size and function

• 2. AV valve function

• 3. Aortic dimension and neo‐aortic valve function

• 4. Subpulmonic stenosis

• 5.  Aortic size

DTGA s/p ASO

Neoaortic root regurgitation

Peak gradient = 44mmHg

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Definitions: Sequelae• ’ consist of incurred conditions that arise as a result of the operation

• considered necessary consequences of the operation. 

• They are specifically ‘intrinsic to the operative design.

• Examples include ventricular tachyarrhythmias after ventriculotomyand pulmonary regurgitation after tetralogy repair.

Perloff JK, Warnes CA, Challenges posed by adults with repaired congenital heart disease, Circulation, 2001;103:2637–43.

Repaired Congenital Heart Disease : What Did they Do and How is it DoingConrad Manila March 22‐24, 2018

PERSISTENT Postoperative Pulmonary Hypertension after Surgical Closure of Shunt Lesions

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Pulmonary hypertension / RV FUNCTION

Echo parameter Patient

RV Ejection Fraction byFAC 30%

Myocardial Performance Index (TDI)MPI = (IVCT+IVRT)/ET

0.7

S’ wave velocity (TDI) 6 cm/sec

Pulmonary hypertension

Echo parameter

Left Ventricular Eccentricity Index

End Sytole = 2End diastole = 2(Normal EI = 1)

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Echo parameter Patient

Mean Pulmonary artery pressure

mPAP = 79 – 0.45 (RVOT AT) 81 mmHg

Mean PAP by Tricuspid regurgitation jet

125mmHg

Mean PAP = 4(PR VBD)2 100 mmHg

Pulmonic Regurgitation in TOF and RV Failure leading to Pulmonary Valve replacement