Bahu EIA Report

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Bahu Development Project Bahu, Punjab

Ch a p t e r - 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1

OIL AND GAS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY LIMITED (OGDCL)

- THE PROPONENT

OGDCL is the national oil & gas company of Pakistan and the flagship of thecountrys E&P sector. The Company is a market leader in Pakistan, in terms

of reserves, production and acreage. It is not only listed on the three majorstock exchanges of Pakistan but it is also listed on the London Stock

Exchange since December 2006. The Company is all set to ride the wave ofE&P activity. Equipped with its Vision & Mission, Business and Strategic Plan,

a debt-free and robust balance sheet and healthy cash reserve OGDCL, is

ready to take on the challenges of a volatile E&P industry.

The OGDCL is Pakistans leading company operating in Pakistan as a leader

and pioneer in the natural gas exploration & production market. It holds atop position in all areas of the countrys gas business. The key aspiration of

OGDCL Group is to be the leader of the liberalized energy market in Pakistan.And also to achieve a leading position in the region while maintaining the

status of the national leader in the natural gas market. The organizationalleadership is articulated through its vision and mission stated in Exhibit 1.1.

Exhibit 1.1: Vision and Mission of OGDCL

Vision

To be a leading, regional Pakistani E & P Company, recognized for its

people, partnerships and performance

Mission

Our mission is to become a competitive, dynamic and growing E & PCompany, rapidly enhancing our reserves through world class workforce,

best management practices and technology and maximizing returns to allstakeholders by capturing high value business opportunities within the


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available oil and gas resources. As of 1st July 2006 OGDCL has drilled 224exploratory wells and 251 development wells.

The company endeavors to be a responsible corporate citizen of the E&P

community. Being fully aware of its social obligations, it continues toproactively promote, develop and maintain medical, social and welfare

facilities and schemes for the benefit of the local communities affected by itswork and presence. These include employment opportunities for locals,

construction of roads, setting up of dispensaries and providing free first-aidand health care, establishing schools, granting fellowships and scholarships,

supply of drinking water, donation for charitable causes and financial

assistance for numerous projects to improve the quality of life of people andcommunities with which it interacts.

OGDCL in compliance with the governments regulatory requirements ofEnvironmental Protection Act 1997, and following its own Environmental

Policy (See Exhibit 1.2), has engaged the services of an Independent

Consultant, Global Environmental Lab (GEL) Pakistan, to conduct anEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA), of the proposed developments in

the Bahu Field, construction of gas transmission lines and Central GatheringFacilities in the Bahu Gas Field Area and Panjpir DIH Plant in Qatalpur and

Shorkot Area in the Southern Punjab, Pakistan. This report documents the EIAprocess and presents its findings.

Exhibit 1.2:HSE Policy

OGDCL is concerned with the exploration and development of oil and gasfields. We deliver crude oil to refineries, process natural gas to the pointwhere it can be distributed by pipeline, sell LPG, Sulphur and other by-

products. As an Exploration & Production Company, our prime responsibilityis to the people of Pakistan. Our role is to provide energy products, which

enhance the quality of life and sustain the economy. The use of suchproducts helps to preserve the environment and raises standards of health

and safety. We thus deliver great benefit. However, our responsibility

extends also to the way to which we operate. In our activities we arecommitted to using the most modern methods to protect the environmentand to preserve health and safely. Our aim is to maximize the benefit of our

operations, taken as a whole. We strive to ensure a reliable supply of high-

grade energy products and an economic return on investment. At the sametime we use the best practical means to minimize any adverse effect that


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1.2

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this EIA study is to evaluate the proposed project activities,which are: construction of raised platforms (200 ft x 200 ft) at each of the

well (Bahu-1, Bahu-2 and Bahu-3) location to house basic productionfacilities like water knock out vessel, corrosion injection package,

construction of raised platform (300 ft x 300 ft) at Bahu-2 to accommodate

central gathering facilities consisting of production & test headers, waterknock out vessel, gas measurement system, construction of raised platform

near Bahu-2 for the residential camp, constructing and laying of interfield

flowlines, main trunk line 10 dia x 20-22 km long for gas transmission toPanipur Plant. All the water drained from the water knock out vessel fromeach well will be sent to a nearby pit, lined with geo-membrane, for

atmospheric evaporation for disposal as per environmental standards. Theproposed activities will be measured against the Pakistan Environmental

Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) standards, and against the internationalenvironmental guidelines, such as those of the World Bank. This EIA is also

significant in the sense that it is being conducted in flood plain of the Chenab

River. Recognizing the challenges of conducting an EIA in the riverecosystem and irrigated environment surrounded by the River Chenab, the

objectives of this EIA have gone beyond the legislative requirements.

The specific objectives of this EIA are to:

Identify and assess the existing socio-cultural and livelihood

conditions in the project area;

Assess the potential impact of various project activities

(construction of gas transmission line and processing facilities

such as camp construction, water requirement etc) on

environment, evaluate these impacts, and determine their

significance;

Propose appropriate mitigation measures that can be

incorporated into the design of the proposed activities to

minimize any damaging effects or lasting negative

consequences identified by the environmental assessment;

Inform and consult communities and other stakeholders

(institutions) about the proposed project and incorporate their

view into the project design and mitigation measures;


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1.3 SCOPE OF THE EIA

The scope of the work for the EIA study is as under:

Description of physical, biological, socio-economical and cultural conditions

along with the impact corridor of 2 kms along the interfiled flowlines, gastransmission line and around the selected location at each well site including

residential camp and water evaporation ponds;

Project impact identification, prediction and significance based on project

activities such as: Establishment and operation of the site camp(s);

Establishment of Gas transmission pipe lines;

Clean up and restoration of the campsites and right of way of

gas transmission pipe line.

1.4

APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

The EIA was performed in four main phases, which are described as under:

1.4.1Desk Study and Literature Review

The key activities of this phase included:

Project Data Compilation: A generic description of the proposed activities

within the project area relevant to environmental assessment was compiled.It was prepared with the help of OGDCL and site visit of an engineer to

specifically describe and report on the project description.

Published Literature Review: Secondary data on weather, soil, water

resources, wildlife, vegetation and communities was reviewed and compiled.

Legislative Review: Information on relevant legislation, regulations,

guidelines, and standards was reviewed and compiled.

Identification of Potential Impacts: The information collected in theprevious steps was reviewed and potential environmental issues were

identified.

1.4.2Baseline Environmental Studies


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proposed pipe line route, facility location and the areas floral species weredocumented. Vegetation communities were identified and vegetation cover

was determined.

Wildlife Study: A Wild Life Specialist and Fresh Water Species Specialistwith support from the field team and local recourse person conducted a

wildlife study. The study consisted of a thorough literature review and fielddata collection. During the fieldwork, the faunal species of the area were

documented. The diversity of avian, large and small mammals, birds andreptile species were determined. Information was collected on the species by

the concerned of the area. In addition to that the Chenab river species and

river life system were also studied by the specialists.

Physical Environment Study: Water Resource Specialists conducted a

physical environmental study including, soil sampling, water sampling,surface water resources of the area, water quality, and the groundwater

resources of the area.

Socioeconomic, Cultural and Gender Impact Study: A team of expertsincluding Anthropologist and gender specialist conducted a socioeconomic,

gender and cultural study of the project area. The study teams throughparticipatory technique collected data about the project, from the community

of the project area which included the village elders, women and men and

NGOs. The profile included livelihood, culture, leadership, gender issues,spiritual and temporal leadership, demographic information based on thefield data and published sources, the existing use of land resources,

community structure, employment, distribution of income, goods and

services, public health, local religious and cultural values, and local customs,

aspirations, and attitudes.

Public and Stakeholders Consultation: Men and women, along withvillage elders were consulted about the project. In addition to that public

consultation meetings were held at 9 villages. Local governmentrepresentatives and relevant departments were also consulted about the

project and their views were solicited and incorporated in the EIA.

1.4.3

Impact Assessment

The environmental, socioeconomic and cultural, gender and projectinformation collected in previous phases was used to assess the potential

impacts of the proposed activities. The issues studied included potential

project impacts on:

h l


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Gender aspects.

Wherever possible and applicable, the discussion covered the following

aspects:

The present baseline conditions;

The change in environmental parameters likely to be effected by

project related activities;

Identification of potential impacts; Mitigation measures to reduce impacts to as low as possible;

Prediction of impacts;

Evaluation of the importance or significance of impacts;

Implementation of mitigation measures (i.e., environmental

management).

1.4.4Documentation of EIA

At the end of the assessment, an EIA report was prepared according to therelevant guidelines of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency. Thisreport includes the findings of the assessment, project impacts, and

mitigation measures. The organization of the EIA Report is as follows:

Chapter 2,of this report describes the proposed project.

Chapter 3 describes an overview of national and international legislation andguidelines that are relevant to the proposed project.

Chapter 4, 5, 6 describes the project areas existing environmentalconditions, including the physical, biological and socioeconomic and cultural

environments.

Chapter 7describes the Public Consultant on Processes and Findings.

Chapter 8a and 8b describes the assessment of potential project impactsassociated to project related activities.

Chapter 9 provides a set of environmental guidelines to minimize theimpacts discussed in earlier sections.

Chapter 10presents the conclusion of the EIA.


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Ch a p t e r - 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

2.1 PROJECT AREA LOCATION

Project area falls in between Kabirwalaand Shorekot, sub-division of khanewaland Jhang, districts respectively. Gas

transmission pipe line will start from

Bahu gas field situated 12 km southwest of sub-division Ahmedpur Sail of

Jhang district to Pungpir gas gathering

station situated 17 km north east ofBGF, sub- division of Kabirwala ofdistrict Khanewal. The existing facilities

at the Punjpir and location are given

below. The base location Map is givenin Exhibit 2.1.

2.2 SCOPE OF BAHU FIELDDEVELOPMENT AND ROUTE

OF GAS TRANSMISSIONPIPE LINE

There are 04 wells in the Bahu field, alllocated in the flood plain. Wellhead facilities of the each well will be housed

on the raised platform. A walkway will be constructed connecting Bahu-1,Bah-2 and Bahu-3. This walkway servetwo purposes: first it will provide an

access to these wells during the floodseason and second, it will accommodate

the gas pipelines, produced water


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proposed Central Surface Facilities at Bahu-2 through individual flow lines.The Central Facilities will mainly include a production header, slug catcher,

scrapper launching system and test separator for testing individual wells. Allthe water drained from the water knock out vessel will be sent to a nearby

pit for atmospheric evaporation and the wet gas will be sent to Panjpir Plantthrough main transport pipeline 10 dia x 22 km long. Gas from Panjpir Plant

will be transported to Nandpur Plant through the existing transport pipeline

where the gas will be dehydrated and sold to FKPCL. The residential camp, toaccommodate 45 men, will be located near Bahu-2 on a separate raisedplatform.

The proposed Gas transmission pipeline (10 inch dia) starts from Bahu gas

field towards its north to Punjpir gas gathering station. The total length ofthe proposed gas line is 17000m i.e. 2200m towards north plain alluvial

river bed, 1200m towards active stream, 2200m again towards plain alluvialriver bed up to Chanab protective band after which the gas transmission

pipeline will pass through Khaki and shah Wali villages, in between the

pockets of orchards of mangoes, citrus trees and agriculture land, link roads,

and two water minor canals, up to pp#3. The distributional length of thetransmission pipe line and their location distance with Panjpir Plant andQatalpur is provided in Exhibit 2.2.


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Exhibit 2.1:


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Exhibit 2.2:


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2.3 PROPOSED PROJECT ACTIVITIES

OGDCL intend to carry out the following activities starting from November

2007 to April 2008. The gas transmission lines and the allied structure of thewells will be constructed by the company through its contractors. Thecontractor will work under close environmental monitoring as well as

compliance of EIA and environmental policy of the OGDCL.

2.3.1 Camp Establishment and Mobilization

The contractor will establish camp and thereafter mobilization will be started.

The contractor camp will be established at Jalalpur (Left Bank of Chanab) andBahu, well no 1 site (Right bank of Chanab). The camp will utilize a totalwork force of 150 people. The OGDCL will choose the proposed site in the

project area for camp establishment considering the ecological significance.

The proposed site will be a flat area where minimum leveling and clearingwould be required. It will take approximately 15 days to complete the camp

establishment and mobilization activity. Mobilization will be complete oncethe camp is fully operational.

A Consultant will be hired to design facilities located within the flood plain.

The scope of work for this Consultant will be as follows.

2.3.2 River Surveys

Conduct cross sectional survey of the river including the wet part for the

reach 6 miles upstream and 4 miles downstream, 1000 ft apart, from highbank to high bank, details of existing works, river hydrograph, water level at

different points at known discharges, samples of the bed materials and any

other information required for the Hydraulic Model Study of the requiredreaches of the Chenab River.

2.3.3 Hydrological and Hydraulics Studies

Collection and analysis of available river flow data from thenearest gauging stations;

Estimation of design discharge for the protection works;

Estimation of flood levels near Bahu Gas Field against various

return period floods;


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Estimation of water way for crossing gas pipeline from right of

the river to left bank;

Hydraulic model studies and reports including optimal location of

platform, flow consistency analysis, hydrological simulation,

stage discharge relationship, back water studies, sediment

transport simulations, flood simulation studies and flow pattern

of all discharge ranges near Bahu Gas Field (upstream &

downstream).

2.3.4 Geotechnical Investigation Studies

Planning of field and laboratory investigations;

Preparation of BOQ, bid invitation and award of work to thecontractor for investigation work;

Supervision of geotechnical investigations;

Supervision of laboratory tests;

Evaluation of all the investigation work and formulation offoundation design recommendation;

Comprehensive Geotechnical Investigation Report along withrecommendations on foundation design parameters.

2.3.5 Structural Studies

Study of various options for gas pipeline crossing of the riverchannel (Chenab River);

Recommendation of the best location for channel crossing

Study the geotechnical parameters for design of foundations as

per relevant specifications;

Design of raised earthen platforms of 200x200 and 300x300 ftsize for protective works. In case of pile foundation for the gasline crossing tentative length of piles and reinforcement shall be

established along with the Design of the steel structure

supporting the pipeline;

The Consultants shall study various options for movement to

and from the working areas in the middle of the river during


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2.3.6 Line Surveying

A survey team will mark the designated survey line of the proposed gastransmission line. This will be done along the proposed route of thetransmission gas pipe line on the ground and its coordinates and elevation

will be determined. The survey team will also identify obstacles along the

lines and determine safe distances.

2.3.7 Land Permitting

After the surveying is complete, permitting is the next activity that will takeplace in the areas where the gas pipe line is to be laid. OGDCL Landdepartment will visit the proposed route prior to the commencement of all

other activities. The Land department team will be responsible for informing

people living in the affected areas about the transmission line construction. Itwill also be responsible for working out issues such as access, crop damage

(if any), crossing of water course and compensation rates. Compensation tothe identified landowners will be paid after verification, before start of any

work.

2.3.8 Restoration and Rehabilitation

After work has been completed in an area, the Restoration and Rehabilitationcrew will ensure that the affected areas are left in a condition that is nearest

to their original state. It will be ensured that all holes and pits are backfilledand that no debris or trash is left behind.

2.3.9

Equipment

Following equipments (Exhibit 2.3) will be used in the construction of

transmission gas pipe line from Bahu gas field to pangpir gas field:

Exhibit 2.3: Work Activity and Equipment Detail

Activity Equipment

Trenching Excavators

Straining Loader, CraneWelding Electrode rods, Generators,

Coating

Truck ,Propane tank, Hose, Regulator, Torch, Wet fill

thick ness gauge, Mixing sticks , Cups and Applicatorpads, Digital Thermometer,

Testing Gages


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2.3.10Vehicular Traffic

Project related traffic during the mobilization and demobilization phases ofthe gas transmission pipeline will consist of vehicles transporting equipmentand personnel (Trucks for heavy equipment, loaders, side booms,

excavators, and smaller vehicles for personnel). During the gas transmission

pipeline construction and operation, both the kacha and pacca tracks of theroads will be expanded.

2.3.11Supplies

2.3.11.1 Water

Water will be required for camp operation and human consumption in thefield. The company will install one tube well of 2 cusecs upto the depth of

150 to 175 ft feet for procuring ground water; as ground water potential

exists in the project area. The other option is surface water from irrigationcanal or distributory after approval from the concerned irrigation department.

2.3.11.2

Fuel and Lubricants

Diesel will be the primary fuel required for vehicles and generator operationduring the gas transmission pipeline project. It will be transported from

nearby cities such as Shorekot city or Ahmed pur sail city by tank trucks. A

maximum of 2,000 liters of diesel per day is envisaged during theconstruction of gas transmission line. The on-site fuel storage will have acapacity of about 10,000 liters. Bottled Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) will be

used in the kitchen for cooking.

2.3.11.3 Camp Supplies

The camp supplies will be transported from the nearby cities of Shorekot.

2.3.12Emissions and Discharge

The sources of gaseous emissions during the construction of gas transmission

pipeline will include: Vehicle exhaust;

Machinery (Excavators, Side booms, Bulldozers, Trucks, etc.) exhaust;

Power generators' exhaust;

Dust emissions generated by vehicle operation on the unpaved


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Sewage from camp;

Domestic waste;

Grey water from the camp.

2.3.13Waste Management

Solid waste will be segregated. Most of the garbage plastic, glass, and other

non- combustible and recyclable waste will be segregated and supplied tovendors for recycling. The combustible waste will be burnt in a controlled

burn-pit at the base camp.Anything mechanically reusable will be provided to scrap contractors for

reuse or recycling. Anything potentially dangerous such as batteries and

aerosols will be placed in a separate container, appropriately marked, anddisposed off through the vendor.

Hazardous medical waste will be bagged and binned in a separate,

appropriately labeled container. This waste will be disposed of at the nearest

waste treatment facility .If no such facilities are available, the medical wastewill be placed in a glass jar, some acid will be added, and the jar will then be

transported for incineration.

The camp sewage will be directed to a system of lined septic tanks foranaerobic biodegradation. The overflow water from the septic tank will be

directed to a soaking pit. The sanitary/ grey water from kitchen and washingareas will also be directed to soaking pit(s) of adequate sizes.

2.4

CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES

The flowlines from Bahu-1 to Bahu-2 and Bahu-3 to Bahu-2 will be overhead

constructed over the walkway supported on the piles. This walkway willaccommodate 6 dia gas flow lines & 4 dia disposed water pipeline from

Bahu-2 and Bahu3 to Bahu-2, power cables, communication cables. Thepipeline from Bahu-North to Bahu-2 will be buried underground supported by

clamps on top of the piles down to scour depth.

Part of the trunk line (about 6 km) which falls within the flood plain from

Bahu-2 to bund will be constructed over the piles, while the rest of the trunk

line after the bund to Punjpir plant will be buried underground.

2.4.1 Right Of Way


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2.4.2 Straining

Pipes will be placed on supports made of wood or other support materialsuitable for this purpose. This will be done to give protection against groundwater, seepage and mud.

An average pipe length will be supported at least at least two points.

The pipe will be carefully lowered along the pipe route during unloading; itwill not be rolled off or dropped from the vehicles.

Following things will be provided to ensure safety measures:

Skids;

Sleepers;

Enamel;

Temperature gauge;

First aid box;

Washers;

Nails;

Gunny bags.

2.4.3 Welding

Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals orthermoplastics, by causing coalescence. This is often done by melting the

work pieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten materialthat cools to become a strong joint. At sometimes pressure is used in

conjunction with heat, or by itself, to produce the weld.

Shield metal arc welding is used for jointing the gas transmission pipeline inwhich the arc is developed between the base metal and the flux - coatedelectrode. In this welding process both A.C and D.C current is used. All

production welding including repair welding will be performed by experiencewelders. Quality of the welds/ welded pipes will be determined by NDT (Non-destructive testing).


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2.4.3.1 Accept Standards

All welds will meet API 1104 Standards of acceptability, latest addition.

2.4.3.2 Cleaning

The pipe will be kept preferably still throughout the duration of welding. For

position welding, the pipe will be placed at an adequate distance from the

ground so as to enable the welders to move freely and to ensure properexcavation of the work.

2.4.4 Testing

2.4.4.1 Hydro Testing

The entire pipeline is to be tested with water at a pressure 1.5 times the

actual operating pressure. The pressurization has to be kept for 48 hours.The pressure and temperature recorders are to be affixed for the period of

the test.

The recorder will be calibrated, charts will be installed, and the test will beconducted in the presence of an inspector who will verify the chart aftersuccessful completion of the tests.

In case of failure of a test the site engineer will locate uncover and repair all

pipe failures by coating and backfilling all pipe repairs. If failure occurs during

either partial pressurization or 48 hour hold period, the test after repair andtemperature / pressure stabilization, will continue from the point at which the

failure occurred.

2.4.4.2 Purging

After successful completion of tests, the line will be purged with air for

removing of stones, dirt or any other foreign material etc.

2.4.4.3 Blasting

Sand blasting is used in the gas transmission pipe line in which joints whichare naked with out coating are blasted up to 140 micron, and than heatedand coated.

2.4.5 Coating and Wrapping


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2.4.6 Trenching

The trench will be excavated and maintained along the survey line inaccordance with the requirement set forth on the applicable drawings. The

ditch will be kept in good condition until the pipe is laid.

2.4.6.1 Lower Pipes in Trench

Gas transmission pipeline is lowered with the help of at least two side booms.Operator of side booms and staff should be well trained. Safety measures

during lowering of pipeline will be used.


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2.4.6.2 Back Filling

Back filling operation will follow soon after the lowering of the pipe provided

that the pipe has been lowered to its correct position.

The back filling of trench will be done to fill the trench with the excavated

material after providing proper sand cushioning wherever required, for the

pipe laid. However, the back filling operation will not be preceded unless thesand cushioning has been physically checked and approved by the inspector.

No stumps, large clods, clary, or other material that will cause voids in thetrench back filled will be allowed in the trench.

All excavated material will have to be back filled, with proper compaction and

a crown is to be left over the back filled trench wherever possible. In case ofexcess excavated material the same will be stacked over the trench in a

proper profile as per the requirements of work.

2.4.7 Commissioning of Pipeline

No gas will be introduced into any section of pipeline unless it has beentested. Mostly two types of tests, Yoyo test and Hydrostatic test are

conducted before the commissioning of gas transmission pipeline. A sufficient

notice period will be give to concerned engineer who will liaison with the chiefengineer and draw up procedures for such purging and commissioning. Gaswill be introduced in a section of pipeline only after all constructions and

assembling has been completed. It will be ensured that no work out standing

will necessitate the depressurization of the section at a letter date


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platforms. The gas transportation line shall be crossing the river from theright to left bank of the river Chenab. Construction methodology is explained

below.

2.4.8.1 Raised Earthen Platforms

Raised earthen platform of 200 x 200 size shall be constructed at

each well site except for Bahu Well No. 2 which shall have a 400 x

400 raised platform being the gathering station;

The raised platforms shall be constructed of compacted soil from the

local quarries. The platform shall have a wider base and shall providethe required area at the top for installation of the gas production

equipment. The height of the platform shall be a minimum of threefeet above the highest flood level established in the river reach;

All around the platforms a toe-wall or apron shall be provided which

shall be constituted of stone boulders. Resting on this toe-wall, and toprotect the side slopes of the raised platforms against the weatheringaction and river flows, stone pitching shall be provided. This pitching

consists of stone material of various sizes to protect and resist theerosion of the side slopes;

The top surface shall have a stone ballast compacted surfaces for free

movement and dust control/environment protection.

2.4.9 Protective Bunds

Protective bunds shall be provided, if required for diversion of the riverwater on the recommendations of the hydraulic studies.

The bunds shall have a stone toe-wall and shall be earthenembankment filled in compacted layers. The side slopes and the top

surface shall have a stone pitching for protection against theweathering and river actions.

The bund top surface shall act as a road or channel crossing as

required.

2.4.9.1 Pipeline River Crossing

Gas produced from the wells shall be gathered at Bahu Well No. 2. It

shall then be transported through a line pipe from the right to the left

bank of the river;


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CHAPTER - 3 POLICY AND REGULATORYREVIEW

3.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter provides details of the local laws, international conventions,

guidelines, and best practices applicable to the project.

3.2 LEGAL REQUIREMENTS

3.2.1

Conduct of an EIAAs per Schedule II of the IEE and EIA Review Regulations (2000) {2000

Regulations}, the proposed project falls under the category of projects whichrequires an EIA. The preparation of this EIA satisfies the requirement of the

Regulations for Preparation of IEE / EIA, 2000.

3.2.2 Approval from EPD, Punjab

As per the 2000 Regulations, OGDCL, will be required to submit an EIAreport to EPD (Environment Protection Department), Punjab and seek

approval on the same from the agency. Ten hard copies and 2 soft copies of

the EIA report will be need to be submitted to EPD. EPD will grant its decisionon the EIA as per the rules and procedures set out in the 2000 Regulations.

The following rules will apply:

A fee is payable to EPD for review of the EIA;

The EIA submittal is to be accompanied by an application in theformat prescribed in Schedule IV of the 2000 Regulations;

EPD is bound to conduct a preliminary scrutiny and reply within

10 days of the submittal of the report a) confirmingcompleteness, or b) asking for additional information, if needed;


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The name and address of the proponent;

The places at which the EIA can be accessed;

The date, time and place for public hearing of anycomments on the project or its EIA;

The date set for public hearing will not be earlier than 30 days

from the date of publication of the public notice

In the review process EPD may consult a Committee of Experts,which maybe constituted on the request of the DG EPD;

On completion of the review process and the public hearing, thedecision of EPD will be communicated to the proponent in the

form prescribed in Schedule VI;

Where an EIA is approved, EPD can impose additional controlsas part of the conditions of approval;

EPD is required to make every effort to complete the EIA reviewprocess within 90 days of the issue of confirmation of

completeness. However, EPD can take up to 4 months forcommunication of final decision;

The approval will remain valid for the project duration

mentioned in the EIA but on the condition that the projectcommences within a period of three years from the date of

approval. If the project is initiated after three years fromapproval date, the proponent will have to apply for an extension

in the validity period. The EPD on receiving such request grant

extension (not exceeding 3 years at a time) or require theproponent to submit a fresh EIA if in the opinion of EPD changesin baseline conditions or the project so warrant;

After receiving approval from EPD the proponent will

acknowledge acceptance of the conditions of approval byexecuting an undertaking in the form prescribed in Schedule VII

of the 2000 Regulations;

The 2000 Regulations also require proponents to obtain fromEPD, after the end of construction phase of the project, aconfirmation that the requirements of the EIA and the conditions

of approval have been duly complied with;

The EPD in granting the confirmation of compliance may imposeany additional control regarding the environmental management


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Regulations. The Regulations require proponents of all projects to submitmonitoring reports on completion of construction, yearly reports during

operation, and any additional reports required by the EPD. The format andcontents of such reports are not specified in the law.

3.2.4 Effluent and Emission Standards

Effluent and emissions from the project activities will have to meet the

National Environmental Quality Standards, 2000 (NEQS). The NEQS areprovided in Exhibit 3.1 and Exhibit 3.2, at the end of the chapter.

3.2.5 Effluent and Emission Self Monitoring and Reporting

3.2.5.1 National Environmental Quality Standards (Self

Monitoring and Reporting by Industry) Rules, 2001

The rules establish pollution limits for industries in Pakistan under an honor-based self-monitoring system obliging all industries to monitor liquid

effluents and gaseous emissions and submit environmental monitoring

reports (in the formats set out in Schedule VI) to the relevant EPA (in thiscase EPD) timely and correctly. The dairy industry is classified as Bcategory for monitoring of both liquid effluents and gaseous emissions. The

reporting requirements for the dairy industry are given in Exhibit 3.3. All

industrial units in B category are required to submit monitoring reports ona quarterly basis

3.2.5.2 Industrial Pollution Charge (Calculation and Collection)

Rules, 2001These rules ensure the correct calculation, reporting and payment of

pollution charges by polluting/industrial units. As per this regulation, industrywill be liable to pay pollution charge for any pollution above NEQS. The list of

parameters on which pollution charges shall apply and the method ofcalculating pollution charge are given in the Schedules attached to the

Regulation.

3.2.5.3

Environmental Sample Rules, 2001

These rules authorise the Federal EPA and its authorised persons to obtainand test samples from industries to verify self-monitoring reports and

calculation of pollution charges.

3 2 5 4 N ti l E i t l Q lit St d d (C tifi ti


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3.2.6 Wildlife, Forests, and Protected Areas

3.2.6.1 The Punjab Wildlife (Protection, Preservation,

Conservation and Management) Act, 1974 (PB Act II Of1974)

Under the Punjab Wildlife Protection, Preservation, Conservation and

Management Act 1974 three types of protected areas viz. National Park,

Wildlife Sanctuary and Game Reserve have been notified in the province forprotection, conservation, preservation, and management of wildlife. Theseprotected areas have varying restrictions with regards to the conduct of

activities and projects.

3.2.7 Protection of Antiquities

In Pakistan and the province of Punjab antiquities are protected under the

Antiquities Act, 1975. Protected archaeological or cultural sites are neitherreported from the area nor observed during the field visit and hence theselaws are not applicable to the project.

3.2.8 Others

There are other acts, regulations, bye laws which may have some relevance

to the project as well but these are either outdated (such as the Factories Act

1934, The Motor Vehicle Ordinance 1965, etc); not completely enforced(such as the Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001 in which the district

governments also have powers to make and implement bye laws related tosewage and waste disposal etc), or supplementary to the key laws discussed

above. In addition to that THE CANAL AND DRAINAGE ACT, 1873 (Act VIII of1873) - section 20 regarding supply of water is relevant to the project

activities.

3.3 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

Pakistan is a signatory to a number of international conventions and treaties.

The relevant ones include:

The Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of WildAnimals, 1979 (CMS): the Convention requires countries to

take action to avoid endangering migratory species. Theterm "migratory species" refers to the species of wild

animals a significant proportion of whose members cyclically


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to endeavor to: conserve and restore their habitats; prohibittheir hunting, fishing, capturing, harassing and deliberate

killing; remove obstacles and minimize activities thatseriously hinder their migration; and control other factors

that might endanger them, including control of introducedexotic species. Appendix II lists migratory species, or groups

of species, that have an unfavorable conservation status as

well as those that would benefit significantly from theinternational co-operation that could be achieved throughintergovernmental agreements;

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of

Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): This convention came intoeffect in March 1973 at Washington. In all 130 countries are

signatory to this convention with Pakistan signing theconvention in 1976. The convention requires the signatories

to impose strict regulation (including penalization,confiscation of the specimen etc.) regarding trade of all

species threatened with extinction or that may become so, in

order not to endanger further their survival. The Conventioncontains three appendices. Appendix I includes all speciesthreatened with extinction which are or may be affected by

trade. The Convention requires that trade in these species

should be subject to strict regulation. Appendix II includesspecies that are not necessarily threatened presently butmay become so unless trade in specimen of these species is

subject to strict regulation. Appendix III includes species

which any contracting party identifies as subject toregulations in trade and requires other parties to co-operate

in this matter;

Convention on Biological Diversity 1992 (CBD): Pakistan as asignatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity is

obligated to develop a national strategy for the conservation

of biodiversity. The Government of Pakistan has constituteda Biodiversity Working Group under the auspices of the

Ministry of Environment, Local Government and RuralDevelopment to develop a Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) for

the country. After an extensive consultations, a draft ActionPlan has been developed, which is presently under review.

The Plan, which has been designed to complement the NCS

(National Conservation Strategy) and the proposed provincial


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development cycle and that public participation in the reviewof potential effects is important;

Conventions on Wetlands 1971 (Ramsar Convention):

Pakistan is a signatory to the said Convention. The principal

obligations of contracting parties to the Convention are:

To designate wetlands for the List of Wetlands ofInternational Importance;

To formulate and implement planning so as to promotewise use of wetlands, to carry out EIA before

transformations of wetlands, and to make nationalwetland inventories;

To establish nature reserves on wetlands and provide

adequately for their wardening and through management

to increase waterfowl populations on appropriatewetlands;

To train personnel competent in wetland research,

management and wardening; To promote conservation of wetlands by combining far-

sighted national policies with coordinated internationalaction, to consult with other contracting parties aboutimplementing obligations arising from the Convention,

especially about shared wetlands and water system;

To promote wetland conservation concerns withdevelopment aid agencies;

To encourage research and exchange of data;

1992 Climate Change Convention: The convention aims at

stabilizing greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere

at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenicinterference with the climate system. To achieve the

objective of the convention, all parties are generally requiredto develop national inventories of emission; formulate and

implement national and regional programs of mitigationmeasures; all developed country parties and the EC were

specifically obliged to take measures to limit greenhouse gas

emissions by the year 2000 at 1990 levels;

Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer and

B h D l P j B h P j b


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activities require international co-operation and action andshould be based on relevant scientific and technical

considerations.

Although not all of the treaties and conventions are directly legally binding on

the proponent, the intent and objectives of applicable treaties and

conventions will be respected. The EIA report satisfies the requirement of theCBD in that it looks at biodiversity issues and the protection of wildlife in the

EIA. The species identified during field surveys that are covered under CITESand CMS have been given special consideration in the assessment of the

potential project related impacts and their mitigation.

The gaseous emissions from the project will conform to the NEQS and willnot contribute to any significant emissions of greenhouse gases and hence

will not be in conflict with the recommendations and intent of the Conventionon Climate Change.

3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

The EIA takes into account relevant international and local guidelines in theconduct of the EIA, recommendations for mitigation measures, and

development of the environmental management and monitoring plan. These

include the following:

Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures (1997);

World Bank Environmental Assessment Source Book (1998)

and its Updates;

World Bank Pollution Prevention and Abatement Handbook

(including sector guidelines for dairy industry).

The World Bank guidelines recommend the following standards for noise and

air emissions for the dairy industry:

Air emissions: 50 mg/Nm3from powder milk production;

Noise emissions:

Residential and educational property boundary: 55 db(A)during day and 45 db(A) during night;

Industrial or commercial property boundary: 70 db (A)during day or night.

B h D l t P j t B h P j b


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Exhibit 3.1:NEQS for Municipal and Industrial Effluentsa

Parameters Into InlandWater Into SewageTreatmentb

Temperature or temperature

increasec

3C 3C

pH 6-9 6-9

Biochemical Oxygen Demand(BOD5) at 20oCd

80 250

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)d 150 400

Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 200 400

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 3,500 3,500

Grease and oil 10 10

Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1 0.3

Chloride (as Cl) 1,000 1,000

Fluoride (as F) 10 10

Total cyanide (as CN) 1.0 1.0

An-ionic detergents (as MBAS)e 20 20

Sulphate (SO4) 600 600

Sulphide (S) 1.0 1.0

Ammonia (NH3) 40 40

Pesticidesf 0.15 0.15

Cadmiumg 0 1 0 1

Bahu Development Project Bahu Punjab


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Mercuryg 0.01 0.01

Seleniumg 0.5 0.5

Nickelg 1.0 1.0

Silverg 1.0 1.0

Total Toxic metals 2.0 2.0

Zinc 5.0 5.0

Arsenicg 1.0 1.0

Bariumg 1.5 1.5

Iron 8.0 8.0

Manganese 1.5 1.5

Borong 6.0 6.0

Chlorine 1.0 1.0

Source: Qadar (2003)

Notes

aAll values are in mg/l, unless otherwise defined

bApplicable only when and where sewage treatment is operational and

BOD5=80 mg/L is achieved by the sewage treatment system

c The effluent should not result in temperature increase of more than 3C atthe edge of zone where initial mixing and dilution take place in the receiving

body. In case zone is defined, use 100 meters from the point of discharge

dAssuming minimum dilution 1:10 on discharge, lower ratio would attractprogressively stringent standards to be determined by the Federal

Environmental Protection Agency. By 1:10 dilution means, for example that

for each one cubic meter of treated effluent, the recipient water body shouldhave 10 cubic meter of water for dilution of this effluent

Bahu Development Project Bahu Punjab


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Exhibit 3.2:NEQS for selected gaseous pollutants from industrial sourcesa

Parameter Source of emission Standard

Smoke Any 40% or 2 Ringlemannscale or equivalent

smoke number

Particulate

matterb

Boilers and furnaces:

Oil fired 300

Coal fired 500

Cement kilns 300

Grinding, crushing,clinker coolers and

related processes,

metallurgicalprocesses, converterblast furnaces and

cupolas

500

Hydrogen chloride Any 400

Chlorine Any 150

Hydrogen fluoride Any 150

Hydrogen sulfide Any 10

Sulfur oxidesc Sulfuric acid/Sulfonic

acid plants

5,000

Other plants except

power plants operatingon oil and coal

1,700

Carbon monoxide Any 800



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Parameter Source of emission Standard

Arsenic Any 20

Copper Any 50

Antimony Any 20

Zinc Any 200

Oxides ofnitrogend Nitric acidmanufacturing unit 3,000

Other plants exceptpower plants operating

on oil or coal:

Oil Fired 400

Coal fired 600

Cement kilns 1,200

Source:Qadar (2003)

Notes:

a. All values are in mg/Nm3, unless otherwise defined

b. Based on the assumption that the size of the particulates is 10 micron or

more

c. Based on 1% sulphur content in fuel oil. Higher content of sulphur will causestandards to be pro-rated

d. In respect of the emissions of the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, thepower plants operating on oil or coal as fuel shall, in addition to NEQS

specified above, comply with the following standards



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p j , j

CHAPTER 4 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

This section describes the Biological baseline of the project area, its

ecosystem and biodiversity, presents a review of past studies, and discusses

existing ecological conditions, and the methods adopted for this study. Thissection also lists the vegetation and wildlife species, and identifies those that

are protected under national, or international laws.

Bahu gas field area was visited from 22 to 24 June 2007 to assess the impact

of proposed gas lines from Bahu gas field to Panj Pir station. The area wasthoroughly surveyed and residents of the area were contacted to assess their

views about the development activity.

4.1 METHODOLOGY

Specific efforts were made during the limited survey time to assess thedistribution status of large and small mammals, birds, reptiles and

amphibians. In addition to field surveys which were conducted both at duskand dawn, local inhabitants were also interviewed to assess the existing of

various wildlife species. For birds references were made through literature

review to the work done by Roberts (1991, 1992).

Faunal data was collected by different methods at random locations within

the project area. In the field data was linked with the field maps through GPSsystem. A variety of techniques were used to establish the presence and

distribution of species in the project area. These techniques were

incorporated into the sampling plan to account for all types of mammals,birds, reptiles.

At each sampling site plot search was carried out to detect as many speciesof birds, reptiles and mammals as possible within a circular zone of

approximately 500 meter radius. Faecal pellets, foot prints, identifiabletracks, burrows and tunnels etc. were used for identification of species. Point

count methods were used to monitor birds and by standing at one spotrecorded all birds seen.

4 2 OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE VARIOUS CONVENTIONS



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j j

4.2.1 Convention on Biological Diversity

The Convention on Biological Diversity was signed in 19925 by 156 nations

(including Pakistan) at the UN Conference on Environment and Development,the Earth Summit, in Rio de Janeiro. The convention aims to save animal and

plant species and their habitats. The convention stipulates that parties must:

Develop national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use ofbiological resources:

Establish protected areas, resuscitate degraded ecosystems, controlalien species and establish conservation facilities;

Establish training and research programmes for sustainable use of

biodiversity and support such programmes in developing countries;

Promote public education and awareness regarding conservation andsustainable use of biodiversity;

Carry out an environment impact assessment prior to any proposed

project that may reduce biodiversity; Recognize the right of governments to regulate access to their own

genetic resources for environmentally sound uses;

Encourage technology and biotechnology transfer , particularly todeveloping countries;

Establish an information exchange between the parties on all subjectsrelevant to biodiversity;

Promote technical and scientific cooperation between parties,

particularly between developing countries, to enable them toimplement the convention;

Ensure that countries that provide genetic resources have access tothe benefits arising from them; and

Providing financial resources to developing countries in order to enable

them to carry out the requirements of the convention.

4.2.2 Convention on Migratory Species

Under the CMS, the contracting parties acknowledge the importance of

migratory species being conserved and of Range States agreeing to takeaction to this and whenever possible and appropriate, paying special



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b. Shall endeavour to provide immediate protection for migratoryspecies included in Appendix I (migratory species which are

endangered); and

c. Shall endeavor to conclude agreements, covering the conservation

and management of migratory species included in appendix II

(migratory species which have an unfavorable conservation statusand which require international agreements for their conservation

and management as well as those which have a conservation statuswhich would significantly benefit from the international co-

operation that could be achieved by an international agreement).

The following species are included in the Appendix I of the CMS.

Dalmatian pelican;

White pelican;

Marbled teal;

White eyed pochard;

White headed duck;

White tailed sea-eagle;

Greater spotted eagle;

Imperial eagle;

Lesser kestrel;

Siberian crane;

Sociable plover;

Species recorded in the project area.

CITES (Convention an International Trade in Endangered Species of WildFauna and Flora0 is an international agreement between governments. Its

aim is to ensure that intentional trade in specimens of wild animals and

plants does not threaten their survival. It has entered into force on01.07.1975.

The wildlife trade is diverse, ranging from live animals and plants to a vastarray of wildlife products derived from them, including food products, exoticleather goods, wooden musical instruments, timber, tourist curios andmedicines. Levels of exploitation of some animal and plant species are high

and the trade in them, together with other factors, such as habitat loss, is

bl f h l d l h l d b



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ecological conditions. This section also lists the vegetation and wildlifespecies, and identifies that are protected under national, or international

laws.

Bahu gas field contains resident population of many animals. Other species

vary in activity pattern between one time of the year and others, for example

many reptiles and amphibians are particularly active in summer month. Thisfield survey was conducted during third week of June 2007. Therefore the

reptiles and amphibians were also visible. However their presence in the areahas been reported on the basis of personal observations and interviews with

the inhabitants of the area.

4.3.1

Flora

The richness of flora in any tract corresponds to its annual rainfall; as the

area receives little rainfall the flora of the area is limited in consequence.

Natural flora of the area is dominated by xerophytic species. Common treesboth in wild and crop lands include Zizyphus mauritiana, Acacia nilotica,

Salvadora oleoides, Tamarix aphylla, Albizzia lebbeck, Dalbergia sissoo etc.and among the shrubs Tamarix dioca, Zizyphus nummularia, Capparis

aphylla, lana, lani,dab, Saccharum munja, S. spontaneum, Typha angustataPhragmites karka, Alhaji camelorum,Salsola foetida, Sueda fruticocaetc.are

common. Open communities of xerophytic shrubs and grasses dominate thebanks of the river area. Vegetative cover is very thin and rarely exceeds

10-15%during the dry season. But as learnt from interviews with the localhabitants the vegetative cover increases considerably after monsoon rains

and flood season as ephemerals grasses and herbs emerge from dormantseed bank in the soil and temporarily increase level of cover and forage

available to wildlife and live stock.

Based on the areas geomorphology and floral attributes following habitatshave been identified in the project area.

4.3.2 River Banks

4.3.2.1 Sandy River Banks

These areas occur all along the Chenab river on both sides, the soil is mostlysandy and subject to flooding every year and support poor vegetation fromgrazing point of view having less palatable coarse gasses kai (Saccharum

spotaneum), kundar (Typha angustata), Nar (Phagmites karka) etc. less

palatable species like lai (Tamarix dioca), jawanha (Alhaji maurorum) etc. oflittle forage value are found in these areas However production from these



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Exhibit 4.1:Lai growing along river banks

Exhibit 4.2:Alluvial deposits along River Banks

O th b k f i i l l i ith hi h t i diff t



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Exhibit 4.3:Sandy River bank with vegetal cover of low fodder value species

Exhibit 4.4: Typha and Saccharum species growing along Chenab riverbanks



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4.3.3 Agricultural lands

Agricultural lands in the areas have very high to low potential for agriculture

under irrigated and rainfed cultivation. In areas where irrigation water fromcanals or tube wells is available high value crops like cotton, sugar cane,

wheat, and mango and sweet lemon orchards have been established. Areas

along the riverbanks within protected bunds have also been brought undercultivation. As these areas are located within protected bunds of the river aresubjected to flooding whenever there is rise in river level during flood

season.

Agricultural lands outside Protected Bunds

Exhibit 4.5:Well-established Mango orchard in the canal irrigated area



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Exhibit 4.6:Agricultural field in the Project area

Exhibit 4.7:Luxuriant growth of Agricultural crop cotton within project area



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4.3.4 Agricultural lands within protected Bunds

These areas lie within protected bund and river banks. The soil are of

medium to low potential as these area are subjected to water logging andsalinity at some places. Areas which are saline or saline-sodic Kallar grass

(Leptochloa fusca) and Jantar (Sesbania sesban) are grown for reclamationof soil and fodder purposes. Live stock rearing is common practice and large

herds of cattle and buffaloes can be seen grazing along the river banks.

Sheep and goat farming is also common in the area.

Exhibit 4.8:Kallar grass grown in saline-sodic soils for soil reclamation and

fodder



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Exhibit 4.9:Cattle and buffaloes grazing along river banks

Exhibit 4.10:Indian Monitor Lizard



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Exhibit 4.11:Mastacembelus armatus (Baam)

Exhibit 4.12:Rita rita (Kagha)

Exhibit 4.13: Labeo rohita ( Rahu)



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Exhibit 4.14:Mirigala

Exhibit 4.15:Catla Catla (Thailla)



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Exhibit 4.16:Typhlops braminus (Brahminy Blind Snake)

Exhibit 4.17:Vulpes vulpes(common fox)



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Exhibit 4.18:Felis Chaus (Jungle cat)

Exhibit 4.19:Carvus splendens (House crow)



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Exhibit 4.20:Columiba livia (Blue rock pigeon)



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Exhibit 4.22:Francolinus francolinus (Black partridge)



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Exhibit 4.24:Coturnix coturnix (common quail)



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Exhibit 4.26: Saxicoloides fulicata (Indian robin)



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Exhibit 4.27: List of Plant found in Project area

S.No

.

Common Name Scientific Name

1 Aak Calatropis procera

2 Aaksan, Asgand Withania somnifera

3 Alistonia Alistonia scholaris

4 Arind Ricinus communis

5 Arjan Terminalia arjuna

6 Baikar Justacia adhatoda

7 Bakain Melia azedarach

8 Bakhra Tribulis terrestris

9 Banna Vitex negundo

10 Barh Ficus bengalensisa

11 Bathu Chenopodium album

12 Ber Ziziphus mauritiana syn Z. jujuba

13 Bhang Cannabis sativa

14 Bhurat Cenchrus barbatus

15 Booi Erva javanica

16 Bougainvillea Bougainvillea glabra

17 Castor plant Ricinus communis

18 Chibbar Cucumic melo var agrestis

19 Dab Drab Desmostachya bipinnata



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S.No

.


23 Duranta Duranta plumieri

24 Eucalyptus, Sufaida Eucalyptus camaldulensis

25 Euphobia Euphorbia heliscopia

26 Frash, Pharean Tamarix Aphylla

27 Gharam Panicum antidotale

28 Gul Bakaoli Echornis crassipes

29 Hermal Peganum harmala

30 Itsit Boerhaaavia diffusa

31 Jaman Syzygium cummuni

32 Jwahan Alhagi maurorum

33 Kaana Erianthus munja

34 kachnar Bauhinia variegata

35 Kahi Saccharum spontanium

36 Kana Saccharum munja

37 Kaner Nerium indicum

38 Karir Capparis aphylla

39 Khabbal Cynodon dactylon

40 Khat mit Oxalois corniculata

41 Khawi Cymbopogon jawarancusa

h d



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S.No

.


46 Kurand Chenopodium morale

47 Laii, Pelchhi Tamarix dioca

48 Lantana Lantana camara

49 Leli Convolvulus arvensis

50 Lumb, Lumbi Aristida adscensionis

51 Mako, Kach mach Solanum nigrum

52 Mallah Ziziphus nummularia

53 Mesquite Prosopis juliflora

54 Moakrri, Kandiali Solanum surratense

55 Nar, Nalu Phragmites karka

56 Nara Arundo donax

57 Niazbo Ocimum basilicum

58 Ochthochloa compressa chhimber

59 Palwan Bothruochloa pertusa

60 Parkinsonia Parkinsonia aculeata

61 Peelo Salvadoa oleiodes

62 Pit papra Fumaria indica

63 Pohli Carthamus oxycantha

64 Rat ki rani Cestrum nocturnum

h d



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S.No

.


69 Tahli, Shisham Dalbergia sissoo

70 Thor Opuntia delleni

71 Tumba Citrullus colocynthis

72 Wallayti aak Ipomea carnea

Exhibit 4.28:List of Bird Species of the Project Area

Sta

tus

Occurrenc

e

S.N

o

English Name Scientific name

Migrato

r

Resident

Commo

n

Abunda

n

Less

Commo

n

Rare

1 Bank myna acridotheresginginianus x x

2 Bay backed shrike Lanius vittatis x

3 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus x x

4 Black drongo Dicrurus macrocercus x x

5 Black partridge Francolinus francolinus x x

6 Blue jay Coracias benghalensis x x

7 Blue rock pigeon Columba livia x x

8 Collard Dove Streptopilelia decaocto x x

9 Common babbler Turdoides caudatus x x


2


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2

1

3

Common Myna Acriiotheres tritis x x

14

Common quail Coturnix coturnix x x

1

5

Common Swallow Hirundo rustica x x

16 Common WoodShrike Pephrodormispondicerianus x x

1

7

Crested lark Galerida cristata x x x

18

Crow pheasant Centropus sinensis x

19

Desert lark Ammomanes deserti x x

2

0

Grey partridge Francolinus

pondicerianus

x x

2

1

House crow Corvus splendens x x

2

2

House sparrow Passer domesticus x x

2

3

House swift Epus affinis x x

2

4

Indian courser Cursorius coromandelicus x x

25

Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata x x

2 I di ll C i b l i


8


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8

2

9

Jungle Babler Turdoides striatus x x

30

Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos x x

3

1

Lesser White

Throat

Sylvia Curruca x x

3

2

Long Tailed Shrike Lanius schach x x

3

3

Long Tailed

Warbler

Prunia burnesii x x x

34

Plain ColouredPrinia

Prinia inornata x x

35

Red vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer x

3

6

Red wattled

Lapwing

Vanellus indicus x x

3

7

Richards Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae x x

3

8

Rose ringed

Parakeet

Psittacula krameri x x

3

9

See See partridge Ammoperdix

griseogularis

x x

4

0

Tailor Bird Othotomus sutorius x x

41

Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris x x

4 Whit B t d K H l i


4


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4

5

Yellow Eyed Babler Chrysomma sinense x x

Exhibit 4.29:Mammal Species of the Project Area

Occurrence

S.No Common Name Scientific nameCommo

n

Abundant

L.common

1 Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus x

2 Black Napped Hare Lepus nigricollis x

3 Black Rat or House Rat Rattus rettus x

4 Common Fox Vulpes vulpes x

5 Desert Cat Felis selvestris ornata x

6 House mouse Mus musculus x

7 Indian crestedPorcupine

Hystrix indica x

8 Indian Fox Vulpes bengalensis x

9 Indian Gerbil Tatera indica x

10 Indian Hedgehog Paracchinus micropus x

11 Jungle cat Felis chaus x

12 Short-Tailed mole Rat Nesokia indica x

13 S ll I di H t j i


Exhibit 4.30: List of Reptiles in Project Area


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p j

Occurrence

S.No Common Name Scientific name

Common

Abundan

t

L.

common

1 Bark Gecko Hemidactylusleshenaulti

x

2 Black Cobra Naja naja oxina

3 Brahminy Blind Snake Typhlops braminus

4 Fat Tailed Gecko Eublepharis macularis

5 Indian Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor x

6 Indian Monitor lizard Varanus bengalensis x

7 Spotted Indian HouseGecko

Hemidactylu brooki x

8 Yellow Headed Agama Agama nupta fusa x


Exhibit 4.31: List of Fish found in rivers in Project Area


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Occurrence

S.No Common Name Scientific name

Common

Abundan

t

L.

common

1 Baam Mastacembelusarmatus

x

2 Kagha Rita rita x

8 Rohu Labeo rohita x

3 Thailla Catla catla x

4 Moori Cirrhina mrigala x

5 Malli Walago attu x

6 Sanghary Aorichthys seenghala x



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Exhibit 5.4:Water Table and Quality in the Project Area

Chemical Analysis

Sample No. &Details

Coordinates

Watertabledepth

Oil &Grease

Mg/L

TDS

ppmpH

TSS

ppm

Chloride

ppm

Fluoride

ppm

BGF-HP-BWK-01

Village Bahab walakhooh

071-56-36 E

30-41-51.2 N 25 FT 1 274 7.7 5 39.76 BDL

BGF-WC-JPN-02

Jalal pur Nahar

Village Dibar mir atli

30-43-40 N

071-56-25 E6 FT 3 128.3 8.3 13 25.56 BDL

BGF-HP-JPN-03

House of MuhammadYar Village village Billi

wala

30-43-41.2 N

071-56-27 E30 FT 1 207 7.8 6 45.44 BDL

BGF-WC-JPN-04

Dap kila canal

Village Shah Wali

30-46-24.4 N

071-56-08 E5 FT 2 129.5 7.4 3 22.72 BDL

GEL 10EIA07 Description of Physical Environment 5-12



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BGF-HP-JPN-05

House of Qaisar

Village Khaki

30-48-46.2 N

071-56-15.7 E20 FT 1 334.2 8.1 3 51.12 BDL

HP-BGF-06

Bahoo Gas field

Well # 01

30-49-21.2 N

071-55-48.8 E22 FT 1 222.5 7.7 2 68.16 0.21

BGF-HP-RBC-07

River bed Chenabriver

Community rivercrossing point

30-48-25.2-N

071-55-52.3 E25 FT 1 156 8.2 3 28.4 BDL

BGF-RC-RBC-08

River bed Chenab

river

BAHOO PIPE rivercrossing point

30-48-25.2-N

071-55-52.3 E

25 FT

22 FT

1 117.5 7.9 2 45.44 0.20

BGF-HP-PP-09

Village-Qatal pur30-40-05.5 N

071-57-07.4 E25 FT 1 167.1 8.1 3 38.04 0.28




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BGF-TW-CMW-10

Tubwel

Village Chak Maralianwala

30-42-05.8 N071-56-45.1E

100 FT 1 241 8.9 3 42.6 0.02

BGF- HP -JK- 11

Jalal Pur Kamlana 30-44-07.7 N

071-5651.4 E25 FT 1 168.3 7.6 5 39.76 0.29

BGF- TW -JK- 12

Agriculture Tubwel

Jalal Pur Kamlana

30-44-09.2 N

071-56-58.4 E90 FT 12 297.5 9.9 10 71.0 BDL

BDL = Below Detectable Limit.

TSS = Total Soluble Solids

TDS = Total Dissolved Solids


Exhibit 5 5: Water Resources / Quality Observation Map of the Project


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Exhibit 5.5: Water Resources / Quality Observation Map of the ProjectArea


Exhibit 5.6: Water Resources Inventory in the Project Area


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Water Resources Inventory of Villages

Village QATAL, This village is situated 17km in the north west ofBGF. It consists of more than 8,081 people . There is also large

number of animals. Daily requirement of water for drinkingpurposes for local population and animal and 100 hectaresirrigation is met from the tube wells installed in the village and bycanal . water contains TDS 439 ppm and found at the depth of

25ft.

Village Asad Abad, it is situated 15 km in the north east of BGF.Tube wells and minor tributaries meets the need of more than 421people, large number of animals and irrigates about 200 hectares

of agricultural land here. Water contains TDS 439 ppm and foundat the depth of 25ft.

VillageBahab wala khooh is 13 km in the northeast of BGF. Everyhouse hold have hand pump which meets all drinking water needs

of more than 210 people here. Quality wise water contains TDS400 ppm and found at the depth of 25ft.

Chak Marlian In the north east of BGF at about 12 km, BGF tubewell and hand pumps are almost in every house. These tube wells

meet the demand of more than 325 people and 100 of animalheads. The quality of water is TDS 320 ppm and found at thedepth of 20ft .

Jalal pur situated 10 km in the north west of BGF. Many tube wells

and hand pumps are installed here with quality TDS 740 ppmmeets the demand of 6,893 people and large number of goats, aswell as it irrigates 1500 hectares of land.

Adjacent to village Jalal pur 2 Km in the west Bili village is


many diesel operated tube wells, 6 to 8 km in the north of at


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small basties ,Manzoor wala, wasti wala , Bhuhat wala Kot wala

,where 2 to 5 household settlements were existing which wereusing hand pumps and canal water respectively. They meet the

requirement of drinking water of 550 people, thousand of animalsand besides irrigate 2000 hectares of land. The water table depthranges from 25 to 60 ft.

In the extreme north of BGF, near the edge of project area and the west

bank of Chanab river, there is High Recharge Zone . This zonecomprises gas field of Bahu, where five hand pumps have been installedwhich meet daily requirement of drinking water of 150 people who

crosses river Chanab for approaching to sub division Ahmed Sial andmany animals. The depth of water table is 25 ft and quality of water isTDS 330 ppm.

Exhibit 5.7:Groundwater Uses and Losses

Description Numbers Per head

Consumption

(L/d)

Total annual

Consumption

(m3y-1)

Humans 22249 40 8.8 X 105

Goats 84940 5 4.2 X 107

Cattles 15103 45 7.9 X 106

Donkeys 747 15 4.08 X 103

Camels - - -

Wildanimal(Dogs)

90 5 1.6 X 102

Total 9.31

X 107


Exhibit 5.8:PP and NP GGS in Project Area


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Exhibit 5.9:Gathering Data with OGDCL official in Project Area



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Exhibit 5.11: Punj Pir Gas Gathering Station in Project Area


Exhibit 5.12: Rain Water Pond in Project Area


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Exhibit 5.13: Rain Water Collected in Project Area


Exhibit 5.14: Community Hand Pump in Project Area


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Exhibit 5.15: Community Crossing the Chenab River in Project Area


Exhibit 5.16: Chanab River Stream Crossing Point Proposed Gas

Transmission in Project Area


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Transmission in Project Area

Exhibit 5.17: Water Depth observation of Jalal Pur Nahar


Exhibit 5.18: Women washing the Cloth from Dap Kila Canal in Project

Area


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Area

Exhibit 5.19: Water Depth observation of Dap Kila Canal


Exhibit 5.20: Soil Investigation bore hole


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Exhibit 5.21: Animals sharing the water resources


CHAPTER 6 SOCIO ECONOMIC AND


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CHAPTER - 6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND

CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT

The primary aim of gas transmission pipeline from Bahu gas field to Pungpir

gas gathering station project is to create an adequate gas transmission facility.This will help in achieving targets fixed in the industrial, agricultural and socio-economic sectors of the national economy. Basically the project is an attempt

to address developmental needs of the far-flung rural areas. Concentration ofdevelopmental activities in big cities has created various socio-economicproblems, due to population migration from rural areas to large urban centers,

where civic amenities are already over-taxed. The strengthening andexpansion of existing gas transmission network will result in increased

employment opportunities, better health facilities and enhancement of physicaland social development of the project area.

6.1

PROJECT SPATIAL LOCATION

Project area falls in three subdivisions, Ahmad pur sial, Shorkot andKabirwalaof two districts, district Khanewal and district Jhang. Gas transmission pipe line

starts from Bahu gas field (12 km away from the newly formed TehsilAhmedpur sail of district Jhang to Pungpir gas field (Kabir wala subdivision of

district khanewal).

6.2

SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

The objective of this section is to describe the socio-economic and

infrastructural position of the study area and to identify the potential impactsof the Bahu Gas Field on its inhabitants. The field team consisted of a Socio-

economic specialist and a Gender expert, who carried out the study. Theapproach and methodology during data gathering was a combination of

qualitative and quantitative data gathering techniques. The data collectionaddresses the primary requirements of an Environmental Impact Assessment

(EIA), incorporating the Pakistan Environmental Assessment Procedures 1997and International best practices.

The collection of baseline data on socio economic environment involved the


secondary stakeholders like owners of houses, as well as teachers, Numberdar,

UC members, old wise men of villages, shopkeepers and religious communityleaders


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leaders.

The specific tools used for collection of data included, Direct Observation,Short Questionnaire, Focus Groups and Semi-structured Interviews. The basic

scope of the socio-economic and socio-cultural study in the project area was tosynthesize relevant demographic, social, and economic data and to explain itsrelevance in general and environmental restoration, to the resourcemanagement.

6.3

ADMINISTRATIVE AND SOCIAL SET-UP

The route of Gas pipe line and the sites of proposed Gas gathering station arelocated in two districts, Jang and Khanewal under jurisdiction of the Punjabprovince. Union Council, under Local Government Ordinance 2001, is the

lowest tier of local government. Depending upon population, villages/ aregrouped into a Union Council (UC). The UCs are constituted by the membersof public representatives elected by a popular vote. The next higher tiers of the

local government are Tehsil Council and District Council. The districtadministration is run by a District Nazim elected by Union Council members.

Social and physical infrastructure of a district is managed by District Nazim.District Coordination Officer (DCO) is the highest ranking administrativefunctionary of the government in a district. The two districts are composed of a

total of 9 Tehsils.

In rural areas and small human settlements people like to live together with

feelings of community cohesion and optimal interaction due to cultural, socialand religious beliefs. Caste system in various ethnic groups is strong. Basic

amenities of daily life like water supply, electricity, dispensaries, schools, roadsare slowly expanding.

6.4 CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISM

Petty disputes are resolved in Panchayat (informal village council). The

Numbardarwho is appointed by the government helps in revenue collection.The Nazim and Union Council Members together conduct proceedings of thePanchayat for resolution of conflicts at village level.


6.6 DEMOGRAPHICS AND WELL BEING INDICATORS

6 6 1 D hi


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6.6.1

Demographics

The study areas vicinity consists of the following nine villages in which impacts

of the project are anticipated.

Each village in the vicinity of the study area is considered as unit of analysis to

have a glimpse of the socio economic status of the dwellers of project area. Inthis regard, following data was collected:

Total population, households average in project area;

Peoples occupational activities;

Educational, Institutional, Civic and Health Care Facilities available

to them;

Villages social structure;

Existence of NGO for social welfare of the locals;

Socio-economic conditions of the women; Need Assessment of communities the project area.

6.7 POPULATION SIZE & HOUSEHOLDS OF PROJECT AREA

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

Population

Asadabad Beli wala

Project Area Population

Households

populationAverage


Exhibit 6.1: Population Distribution in Project Area


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Name of

village

Households population Average

Asadabad 70 421 6

Qatal pur 1303 8081 6.2

Bahab wala 30 210 7

ChakMaralian

wala

50 325 6.5

JalalpurKamlana

1112 6893 6.2

Beli wala 7 49 7

Khakhi

Lakhi

894 5453 6.1

Shah Wali 17 102 6

DhalnaKamlana

110 715 6.5

Total 3593 22249 6.19

Source: DCR of Jhang and Khanewal 1998 Population Census organization,Statistics Division, Islamabad.

6.8

NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATION


6.9 LEADERSHIP DYNAMICS


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Union Council, under the Punjab Local Government Ordinance PLGO 2001, isthe lowest tier of local government. Depending upon population, villages/

urban settlements are grouped into a Union Council (UC). The UCs are formedby public representatives elected by a popular vote. The next higher tiers oflocal government are Tehsil Council and District Council. The districtadministration is run by District Nazim elected by Union Council members.

Social and physical infrastructure of a district is managed by the District Nazimthrough District Government Officers. District Coordination Officer (DCO) is the

highest ranking administrative functionary of the government in a district. Inrural areas and small human settlements people like to live together withfeelings of community cohesion and optimal interaction due to cultural, social

and religious beliefs. Caste system in various ethnic groups is strong; Kamlanais the dominant caste in the project area.

6.10 CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISM

Petty disputes are resolved in Panchayat (informal village council). TheNumbardarwho is appointed by the government to help in revenue collection,

Nazim and Union Council Member together conduct proceedings of thePanchayatfor resolution of conflicts at village level. Sometime people have togo to the Police department to resolve complex disputes. Mostly disputes are

land related .The tendency of theft of animals is common.

6.11

SPIRITUAL LEADERSHIP

Almost in all the project areas, people do pay respect to their religious leaders.Elder men use mosques five times a day to offer their prayers. There is one

shrine of Peer in Jalalpur, Kamlana village of project area. It is named afterKhawaja Mian Ullah Yar and was constructed in 1941. He is a spiritual node inthe project area. People come to visit his shrine from different parts of country

for fulfilling some of their wishes.

6.12 FACILITIES PROFILING AND ASSESSMENT

The lack of basic facilities such as schools and health centers is an indicator ofi h H i li l f f d l h d " d " i


6.13 LIVELIHOOD AND WELL BEING

Most of the rural areas of the project site were surveyed. Land and forests are


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the most important natural capital or asset for peoples livelihood. Althoughonly a quarter of the population owns land, they place great importance on itfor their livelihood as it provides employment to them. The lack of landownership and insecurity of tenure increases vulnerability. With no secure land

tenure, even the better-off can fall into poverty.

The importance of rain for livestock, crops, trees and forests is recognized by

the local people. The lack of it causes severe problems for the livelihood ofpoor people.

Agriculture and livestock are the two main occupations of the people living inthe study areas. The main sources of livelihood are farming (gram, fodder and

wheat), keeping livestock, daily wage labor, and shop keeping.

Most of the rural people in the study areas are Tenants and marginalizedfarmers. They are engaged in subsistence agriculture, where their basicconcern is survival and getting ahead of life with farming. This is why thedimensions of their farms are (most often) more or less then five acres / farm,

and they usually grow multiple crops (wheat is the main crop of the area )associated to their basic needs of food. This shows that agriculture for farmers

is a way of life rather than just an economic activity. All the project area isirrigated with canal whereas some people have installed tube wells forirrigation purposes

Bahu EIA Report

Documents

Transcript of Bahu EIA Report