BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS
-
Upload
kylynn-wall -
Category
Documents
-
view
19 -
download
3
description
Transcript of BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS
![Page 1: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BACTERIA BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKSSOCKS
![Page 2: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Look out, you’re surrounded! Bacteria are multiplying in your
guts, squiggling in your food – and (gross!) Don’t even look at your
hands. Bacteria may sound icky, but could we survive without these
microscopic life-forms that hang out everywhere?
![Page 3: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sphere-shaped bacteria (cocci)
Streptococcus(strep throat)Staphylococci (responsible for "staph" infections and gangrene)
![Page 8: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Rod-shaped bacteria (bacilli) Some types of these bacteria also have whiplike structures called flagella to help them move around.
Escherichia coli or E.coli(found in the intestines of mammals)Salmonella typhi(causes typhoid fever and food poisoning)
![Page 9: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Spiral-shaped bacteria (spirilla) can use their shape to propel themselves by twisting like a corkscrew.
Treponema pallidumcholera(syphilis)Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)
![Page 10: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Streptococcus: chains of nearly spherical bacteria.
![Page 13: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Streptobacillus: chains of rod-shaped bacteria.
![Page 14: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Staphylococcus : spherical bacterium occurring in grape-like clusters.
![Page 15: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bacteria that live in harsh environments where few kinds of other organisms can live
![Page 17: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The larger of the two groups of bacteria. These usually live in less harsh environments.
![Page 18: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Most bacteria are beneficial.
All bacteria that cause known diseases are eubacteria.
![Page 19: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
bacteria require oxygen to survive
bacteria can live with or without oxygen
bacteria use other organisms for energy
bacteria produce their own food through photosynthesis
![Page 21: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Bacteria reproduce by means of binary fission, in which a copy of the DNA is made and then the outer membrane of the bacterium begins to grow inward and divides into two identical cells. In order to exchange genetic material one bacterium attaches itself to another bacterium and introduces DNA directly into it by means of a pilus through the process of conjugation.
![Page 23: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
microscopic and lacking cells with internal membranes
![Page 28: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bacteria cells are usually much smaller than plant and animal cells and do not contain as many internal structures.
![Page 29: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Bacteria cells contain cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall.
Its hereditary material(DNA/RNA) is found in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm.
![Page 30: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Some bacteria have a thick, gel-like capsule around the cell wall to protect it.
![Page 31: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Bacteria in moist environments have whiplike tails called flagella that help them move.
![Page 32: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Some bacteria are able to produce thick walls around themselves when evironmental conditions are unfavorable. They form an endospore and can become dormant for hundreds of years.
![Page 33: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Bacteria doesn’t just make you sick, it can also keep you healthy. You cannot survive without some bacteria living in or on your body.
![Page 35: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Some bacteria produce chemicals called antibiotics that limit the growth of other bacteria. Overuse of antibiotics has led to more resistant bacteria.
Ex. Penicillin
![Page 36: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Antibiotics and viruses
• Antibiotics are not effective in fighting viruses.
• Antibiotics attack the cell walls of bacteria. Since viruses don’t have a cell wall, there is nothing for the antibiotic to attack.
![Page 37: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Bacteria that cause disease are called pathogens.A vaccine is made from particles taken from damaged bacterial cell walls or from killed bacteria. Immunization protection that occurs when a vaccine is given to prevent other bacterial diseases.
![Page 38: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Many pathogens produce poisons called toxins as they grow in your body or as they grow in food that you might eat.
![Page 39: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Botulism is a type of food poisoning that is the result of a toxin produced by bacteria whose endospores can survive in canned food.
![Page 40: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Pasteurization is a process that is used to kill most harmful bacteria and lengthen the time foods can be stored without spoiling.
![Page 43: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Cheeses, buttermilk, chocolate, vinegar, sauerkraut, yogurt
![Page 44: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
19.1 Bacteria26. Importance of Bacteria-Bacteria are vital to maintaining the
living world. a. Producers that capture energy by photosynthesis.
b. Decomposers – bacteria help ecosystems recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter.
![Page 45: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
19.1 Bacteriac. Nitrogen fixers – bacteria can convert
nitrogen gas into ammonia; a form that can be used by plants.
d. Some bacteria produce chemicals called antibiotics that limit the growth of other bacteria. This helps keep us healthy.
![Page 46: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
e. Human uses 1. Bacteria are used to produce a wide variety of foods, beverages, and medicines.
2. Our intestines are inhabited by a large number of bacteria including E. coli. The bacteria produce vitamins for us and we provide a home and food for the bacteria.
![Page 47: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Tooth decay
Lyme disease
Tetanus
TuberculosisSalmonella food
poisoningPneumonia
Cholera
Streptococcus mutans
Borrelia burgdorferi
Clostridium tetani
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Salmonella enteritidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Vibrio cholerae
Regular dental hygiene
Prevent tick bites
Tetanus vaccination
Vaccination
Proper food-handling
Maintaining good health
Clean water supplies
Disease Pathogen Prevention
Section 19-3
Common Diseases Caused by Bacteria
![Page 48: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Viruses
Bacterial Diseases in AnimalsA. Bacterial diseases also infect
animals. Many can be passed to humans.
B. Example Anthrax. Anthrax can be passed from animal to humans and can be fatal to both.
![Page 49: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Courtesy of:
![Page 50: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
At any given time you have about a billion bacteria on every tooth in your mouth.
![Page 51: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
True.
Warm and moist, your mouth is a breeding ground for bacteria. Some of these bacteria feed on bits of food trapped between the teeth. Immediately after brushing you still have up to a hundred thousand bacteria living on each tooth!
Photograph by David Scharf/Peter Arnold Inc.
![Page 52: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Swamps produce terrible odors because owls shower them with nasty-smelling antibacterial sprays.
![Page 53: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
False.
Swampy areas are filled with wet, rotting vegetation. Plants rot as bacteria feed on them. In the process of feeding in these watery areas where there is very little air, bacteria produce a number of gases—including sulfides, which smell like rotten eggs.
Art by Scott Angle
![Page 54: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
There are millions of species of bacteria that can make people ill.
![Page 55: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
False. Of the thousands of
species of bacteria, only a handful make people ill. The rod-shaped bacteria above cause bubonic plague, a disease that is carried by rodents and fleas. Bubonic plague kills about 1,500 people a year worldwide. This bacteria tends to get more attention than the more common “good” bacteria.
Photograph by CNRI/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.
![Page 56: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
People use bacteria to clean up after oil spills.
![Page 57: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
True.Scientists have discovered that several kinds of bacteria can live on a diet of oil. Now if an oil pipe leaks, spilling its contents on the ground, cleanup crews know how to deal with the mess. They cart in bacteria-rich soil and pile it onto the contaminated site. Then they sit back and let the bacteria eat the oil up!
Art by Scott Angle
![Page 58: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Bacteria don’t often reproduce.
![Page 59: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
False.
Bacteria reproduce by dividing, some “lickety-splitting” in half once every 12 to 20 minutes. At that rate, one bacterium can produce billions of offspring in a day.
Photograph by Manfred Kage / Peter Arnold, Inc.
![Page 60: BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKS](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/568133bd550346895d9abec8/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
“Microbes: Invisible Invaders, Amazing Allies” Traveling Exhibition Schedulewww.bbhinc.net/microbes.html
Cells Alive: Bacteria Camwww.cellsalive.com
Stalking the Mysterious Microbewww.microbe.org
Beyond Books.comwww.beyondbooks.com/lif72/2a.asp
Virtual Museum of Bacteriawww.bacteriamuseum.org