Vocabulary: Protist, amoeba, euglena, paramecium, volvox, flagella, pseudopodia, cilia, contractile vacuole, colony

Many varied Shapes!

Bacteria: Cocci, Bacillus, Spirillium, Binary Fission, Endospore, Antibiotics, Conjugation, Pilus Types of bacteria: (1) cocci, (2) diplococci, (3) streptococci, (5) bacilli. Some bacteria possess hairlike flagella, for example (6)

flagellate rods or (7) flagellate spirilla. At (4) a bacillus is shown undergoing reproduction by binary fission.

cojugation - Transfer of DNA ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! may lead to ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! antibiotic resistance ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !http://www.daviddarling.info/index.html http://www.slideshare.net/MrDPMWest/prokaryotes-virus apbio!! ! ! !

Virus: Protein Coat, Host, Lytic Cycle, Lysogenic Cycle

The smallest ... not considered alive.

Microbes! Study Guide ... complete on next pages of your science notebook. 1. Which of the following statements are true about protists? Circle all that are true. Rewrite the false ones to make them true.

a. Protist have an organized nucleus. b. Protist are always multicellular. sometimesc. Most protist live in water. d. Protist are sometimes single celled.e. Protist are decomposers. Bacteria f. Protist have NO specialized tissues and organs.g. Protists are prokaryotes. Eukaryotes

2. Of the protist we studied:a. Which are autotrophs? Volvox and Euglena b. Which are heterotrophs? Amoeba and Parameciumc. Which move by flagella? Volvox and Euglena d. Which move by pseudopodia? Amoebae. Which move by cilia? Paramecium

3. -What does a contractile vacuole do? Organelle that regulates the water level in protist-What does the oral groove of a paramecium do? This is the “mouth” where food is swept in by cilia-Which protist lives in colonies? Volvox Why might this be beneficial? Protection

Amoeba... move with pseudopodia, changes shape, heterotroph

Paramecium... move with cilia, oral groove, heterotroph

Euglena... Photosynthetic, has 1 flagella to move, eyespot senses light

Volvox... Lives in colonies of 1000-3000 cells, each with 2 tiny flagella, daughter colonies are released when mature.

4. What are the 3 shapes of bacteria? Draw them.... Rods (bacillus), Spheres (cocci), Spiral (spirilla) see WAS

How do bacteria reproduce? Draw this...Binary fission... may occur in bacteria every 20 minutes!

What is conjugation? The transfer of a small piece of DNA from one bacteria to another through a pilus... bacterial resistance can be transferred this way.

5. If you were looking at a prokaryote under the microscope how could you tell it was not an animal cell? Much smaller in size, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles

6. Why are virus not considered to be alive? Name at least 2 reasons. They are not cells and do not grow and develop, maintain homeostasis or have a metabolism. They require a host to reproduce.

7. Explain and/or draw the lytic and lysogenic cycles in viruses. What happens in each? Lytic... virus attaches to host cell, inserts its DNA, takes over the metabolic processes of the host and begins to make viral proteins. These a assembled and finally the virus burst out of the cell, destroying the host. Lysogenic... the virus inserts itself into the DNA of the host and is copied each time the host cell divides. It remains dormant for long periods of time then may be “triggered” and will go into Lytic cycle.

8. If you have a virus and go to the doctor. Would you expect to get an antibiotic? Why or why... No, antibiotics are only effective against bacteria (anti-against bio-living) and will not work on viruses which are not cells. Taking the antibiotic will just kill your normal “good” bacteria without helping your illness.

9. Why might the use of antibacterial products cause problems for the future? Antibacterial products are very effective against the most common / least resistant bacteria. Overuse of these products and the improper use of antibiotics leaves the most resistant bacteria to multiply so that soon the products are no longer effective against many bacteria.

10. Tell at least 3 ways bacteria are beneficial to us and other organisms.Good Bacteria Welcome!

Bacteria help us digest food, make vitamin K, produce antibiotics, prevent the overgrowth of other organisms such as yeast, decomposers in the environment, used to make cheese and yogurt, used to clean up minor oil spills, natural pest control (Bacillus thuringiensis), nitrogen fixation --- makes nitrogen available for plants to use as fertilizer, and many more!

11. Create a 3 way venn diagram to compare and contrast Protist, bacteria and virus....12 items at least! (not all areas have to have items)