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Microbial Growth

Because individual cells grow larger only

to divide into new individuals, microbialgrowth is defined not in terms of cell size

but as the increase in the number of cells,

which occurs by cell division."

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Bin

ary

F

issio n Note nascent septum forming

http://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/biodic/EImBacterie.htmlhttp://www.ulb.ac.be/sciences/biodic/EImBacterie.htmlhttp://www.karlloren.com/biopsy/p66.htmhttp://www.colorado.edu/epob/epob1030cornwall/fall_2001/CellDivision.htm

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Pla

nes

ofDi v

ision(1

/3)

Diplococcus

Streptococcus

http://www.liu.edu/cwis/bklyn/acadres/facdev/FacultyProjects/WebClass/micro-web/html-files/ChapterA-2.htmlhttp://www.liu.edu/cwis/bklyn/acadres/facdev/FacultyProjects/WebClass/micro-web/html-files/ChapterA-2.html

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Pla

nes

ofDi v

ision(2

/3)

Tetrad

Sarcinae

http://www.liu.edu/cwis/bklyn/acadres/facdev/FacultyProjects/WebClass/micro-web/html-files/ChapterA-2.html

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Pla

nes

ofDi v

ision(3

/3)

Staphylococcus

http://www.liu.edu/cwis/bklyn/acadres/facdev/FacultyProjects/WebClass/micro-web/html-files/ChapterA-2.html

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Expo

nen tia

lGr ow

thNote Logarithmic Scale

http://www.nersc.gov/aboutnersc/presentations/future/sld091.htmhttp://ib.berkeley.edu/courses/ib162/Week1.htmhttp://ib.berkeley.edu/courses/ib162/Week1.htmhttp://www.nersc.gov/aboutnersc/presentations/future/sld091.htmhttp://opencollector.org/Whyfree/vilbrandt.htmlhttp://courses.ece.uiuc.edu/ece291/lecture/lockwood/l1.html

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Expo

nen tia

lGr ow

th

http://www.bch.msu.edu/bchug/web/bch472/472lm2.htmhttp://www.np.edu.sg/~bms/Exp_log/DJIA/djiamode.htm

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B

acteria

lG

r owthCur v

e(1

/2)

http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/deicon/bacgrowth.html

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Log Phase

http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/e40/40a.htm

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Contin

uo us

Cu ltu

re

http://www-sop.inria.fr/comore/Personnel/jarino/chemostat.html

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Serial Transfer

http://www.dcsd.k12.co.us/secondary/dchs/academic/SWmsConMap/exponential.gif

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Generation Time

http://www.dcsd.k12.co.us/secondary/dchs/academic/SWmsConMap/exponential.gif

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dardB

ac

terialG

r owth

Curve(2

/2)

http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/deicon/bacgrowth.html

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Decline (Death) Phase

http://www.bch.msu.edu/bchug/web/bch472/472lm2.htmhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/halfli.htmlhttp://www.dcsd.k12.co.us/secondary/dchs/academic/SWmsConMap/achoice_concept_map.htm

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Link to Next Presentation

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Solid Medium

http://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/enterobact.htmhttp://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/MBG/MBG4/Agar.htmlhttp://www.sonoma.edu/biology/algae/Gelidium.html

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Bacterial Colonies

Standard Bacterial Count

Colony-Forming Units

Plaque-Forming Units

Spread Plate

Pour Plate Soft-Agar Overlay

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Soft Agar Overlay

http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Fankhauser/Labs/Microbiology/Bacterial_Inhibition/Agar_Overlay.htm

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Spr ea

d&Po

ur

Pla

tes

http://www.mib.uga.edu/microlabs/lectures_mibo3510/mibo3510L/stainpure/oxyculmotilpure.html

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Dilutions and Limitations

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Serial Dilution

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Direct Microscopic Count

http://www.cat.cc.md.us/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab4/phcount.htmlhttp://www.microbiologia.com.ar/imagenes/petroff-hauser.gif

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os

tPro

ba

bleNu

mbe rM

eth

od

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os

tPro

ba

bleNu

mbe rM

eth

od

Most Probable Number Calculations

(based on 5 tubes/dilution)

dilutions (100 = 1 ml culure)

100 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 MPN/ml

5 5 1 0 0 33

4 5 1 0 0 33

5 4 4 1 0 40

5 4 4 0 1 40

5 5 5 5 2 5400

0 0 1 0 0 0.20

4 4 1 1 0 4.7

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et e

rminatio n

ofTur

bidity

http://allserv.rug.ac.be/~pdebergh/cel/cel4_p1.htmhttp://www.chemistry.nmsu.edu/Instrumentation/Klett.html

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pH

Op

tima

Neutrophiles

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c

-as

ed

Micr o

bial

Succ es

sion

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Aci d

op

hiles

http://www.lagerstaetten.tu-berlin.de/staff/mfrei/sanyati.html

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Temperature Optima

Also Psychrotrophs & Thermodurics

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Thermophiles

A large channel draining from a hot pool,

containing carotenoid-rich microorganisms. The

temperature of this channel in the foreground is

about 60 oC. Layers of white-coloured limestone

(forming a rock deposit known as travertine) can

also be seen. Note the footprints of buffalo in the

foreground. These animals often seek the warmth of

thermal areas in the winter months.

limestone terraces formed by precipitationfrom calcium-rich water flowing from a raised

hot pool. Pink, green and brown-coloured

microorganisms occupy the thermal gradients

in the flowing water (60-100oC)

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Thermophiles

http://tbi.montana.edu/Mark_Young.htmhttp://www.morearty.com/yellowstone/http://www.morearty.com/yellowstone/http://comb5-156.umbi.umd.edu/Virtue/virbin01_robb/index.htm

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Deep-Sea Vents

http://secchi.hmsc.orst.edu/education/relatedinfo/axial.html

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Oxygen Requirements

http://www.liu.edu/cwis/bklyn/acadres/facdev/FacultyProjects/WebClass/micro-web/html-files/ChapterC-1.htmlhttp://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/enterobact.htm

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Mic

roa er

oph

ile s

http://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/enterobact.htm

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C

ap

no p

hiles

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Gro

wingO

bliga

teAna e

robes

Fluid Thioglycolate Medium Peptones, Yeast Extracts, Glucose

Thioglycolate binds O2

Agar slows diffusion of O2

Resazurin is O2 indicator (red)

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Salt Tolerance

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150ss97/membranes.htm

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Nutrient AcquisitionExoenzymes

Secreted into environment

Catabolize food products

Protease, DNAase, Amylase, Lipase

Used in bacterial identification

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rowin g

Fastidio

usMic

rob

es

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Selective Media

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Differential Media

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Dia

gn

osticM

edia

The concepts of Selective and

Differential media can be confusing,particularly because very often media

are both Selective andDifferential

G

http://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/enterobact.htmhttp://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/enterobact.htmhttp://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/enterobact.htmhttp://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/enterobact.htmhttp://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/enterobact.htmhttp://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/enterobact.htmhttp://www.med.sc.edu:85/fox/enterobact.htm

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Microbial Growth!

Li k t N t P t ti

http://www.univie.ac.at/Obgyn/research/links.htm

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Link to Next Presentation

http://black07.ppt/

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Ack

nowle

dg

emen

t

s

biology.unm.edu/faguy/teaching/mde/mde02/ hydrothermalandfreshwatermicrobial%20eco.ppt

www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/biochem/summaries/foodmicro.ppt

www.mssc.edu/biology/b231/microchap6.pptweb.bio.utk.edu/wilhelm/470%20lectures/lec10.ppt

ag.arizona.edu/PLP/courses/plp329/Rensing_slides.ppt

www.science.uwaterloo.ca/course_notes/biology/biol240/presentations02/lecture6.ppt

www.onteora.k12.ny.us/gbuono/micro/publichealth.ppt

http://biology.unm.edu/faguy/teaching/mde/mde02/%20hydrothermalandfreshwatermicrobial%20eco.ppthttp://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/biochem/summaries/foodmicro.ppthttp://www.mssc.edu/biology/b231/microchap6.ppthttp://web.bio.utk.edu/wilhelm/470%20lectures/lec10.ppthttp://ag.arizona.edu/PLP/courses/plp329/Rensing_slides.ppthttp://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/course_notes/biology/biol240/presentations02/lecture6.ppthttp://www.onteora.k12.ny.us/gbuono/micro/publichealth.ppthttp://www.onteora.k12.ny.us/gbuono/micro/publichealth.ppthttp://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/course_notes/biology/biol240/presentations02/lecture6.ppthttp://ag.arizona.edu/PLP/courses/plp329/Rensing_slides.ppthttp://web.bio.utk.edu/wilhelm/470%20lectures/lec10.ppthttp://www.mssc.edu/biology/b231/microchap6.ppthttp://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/biochem/summaries/foodmicro.ppthttp://biology.unm.edu/faguy/teaching/mde/mde02/%20hydrothermalandfreshwatermicrobial%20eco.ppt

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Win o

gradsk

yC

olu

mn

AIRAIR

SANDSAND

SedimentSediment

CelluloseCelluloseCaSOCaSO44 + CaCO+ CaCO33

WaterWater

Allows for the developmentAllows for the development

of a redox gradient in aof a redox gradient in a

sample, from anaerobicsample, from anaerobicthrough to Hthrough to H22S-richS-rich

Consists of water overConsists of water over

sediment and substratesediment and substrate

(sometimes with sand)(sometimes with sand)

Other components (e.g..,Other components (e.g..,

carbon sources, inorganiccarbon sources, inorganic

elements) often added.elements) often added.(these can be manipulated(these can be manipulated

to select for differentto select for different

populations)populations)

E l Wi d k lE l Wi d k l

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Example Winogradsky columnExample Winogradsky column (from Atlas and Bartha 1999)(from Atlas and Bartha 1999)

Microbial ZonesMicrobial Zones reactionsreactions

Algae, cyanobacteriaAlgae, cyanobacteria COCO22 > CH> CH22O, HO, H22O > OO > O22

HH22S - oxidizersS - oxidizers HH22S > SS > S00, CO, CO22 > CH> CH22OO

Facultative anaerobesFacultative anaerobes CHCH22O > C0O > C022 + H+ H22

Purple non-sulfurPurple non-sulfur CHCH22O > HO > H22, CO, CO22 > CH> CH2200

photoheterotrophsphotoheterotrophs

Purple Sulfur BacteriaPurple Sulfur Bacteria HH22S > SS > S00, CO, CO22 > CH> CH22OO

Green Sulfur bacteriaGreen Sulfur bacteria HH22S > SS > S00, CO, CO22 > CH> CH22OO

Sulfate reducersSulfate reducers SOSO442-2- > H> H22S, CHS, CH22O > COO > CO22

Fermentative heterotrophsFermentative heterotrophs CHCH22O > COO > CO22 + H+ H22

HH22OO

AIRAIR

SANDSAND

SedimentSediment

CelluloseCellulose

CaSOCaSO44 + CaCO+ CaCO33

Aerobic

Microaerophilic

Anaerobic

H2S

RedoxRedox

GradientGradient