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![Page 1: Background for the Atlantic Trade Triangle A brief geography of winds and currents in the North Atlantic Ocean.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649de65503460f94ade743/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Background for theAtlantic Trade
Triangle
A brief geography of winds and currents
in the North Atlantic Ocean
![Page 2: Background for the Atlantic Trade Triangle A brief geography of winds and currents in the North Atlantic Ocean.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649de65503460f94ade743/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Here is a globe,viewed from an angle that helps you focus on the Atlantic Ocean
and the continentsaround it.
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The orange squaremarks the location of the Cape Verde Islands, which werean important stopfor sailing ships.
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Near these islands, the wind blows
from the northeast most of the time.
![Page 5: Background for the Atlantic Trade Triangle A brief geography of winds and currents in the North Atlantic Ocean.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649de65503460f94ade743/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Near these islands, the wind blows
from the northeast most of the time.
This was good newsif you wanted
to go westin a sailing ship.
![Page 6: Background for the Atlantic Trade Triangle A brief geography of winds and currents in the North Atlantic Ocean.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649de65503460f94ade743/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
This was bad newsif you thought
that a flat worldhad an edgeto the west!
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What would you do about this?
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One possibilityis to observe
the prevailing winds in different places.
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For example,you might seewhat directionthe winds blewat the latitudeof Great Britain
or northern France.
![Page 10: Background for the Atlantic Trade Triangle A brief geography of winds and currents in the North Atlantic Ocean.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649de65503460f94ade743/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Observations there led to the conclusionthat the winds tended
to blow more oftenfrom the west or southwest.
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When people put theseobservations together,
they realized that a shipcould “ride the trade
winds”across the Atlantic
Ocean. . . .
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. . and then turn northward and go along
the coast(or the edge of the world!)
until the westerly winds could push their ships
back to Europe.
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That is why explorers often landed on islands
in the Caribbean Searather than the coasts
of North America or South America.
![Page 14: Background for the Atlantic Trade Triangle A brief geography of winds and currents in the North Atlantic Ocean.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062221/56649de65503460f94ade743/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Now let’s look athow this workedduring the era
of colonial trade.
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Ships from Europewould first go
southalong the coast
of Africa.
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Then they turnedand headed west,
pushed by the wind
from the east.
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The trade windscould take them quickly across
the Atlantic Ocean.
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Then theywould go northalong the coast
of North America.
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Finally, they usedthe westerly wind
to push them back to Europe.
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Summary
From the British point of view,
the North Atlantic winds were like
an automatic gold-delivery system.
Spanish ships went to the Americas,
loaded up with treasure, and then
had to sail close to England
on their way back home.
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And that is
the geographic setting
for the Spanish Armada
and, later,
the Triangle Trade.
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PS. Benjamin Franklindrew the first mapsof this circulation.
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Here is oneof his maps
He was especially
interested in the Gulf Stream.
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This is a modern mapshowing the temperature
of the surface waterin the Gulf Stream
(red is warm, blue is cold).
(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
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