BAB 11 : Prototyping. Dira Ernawati, ST. MT - P3 2 Prototyping An approximation of the product along...

BAB 11 :BAB 11 :

PrototypingPrototyping

Dira Ernawati, ST. MT - P3Dira Ernawati, ST. MT - P3 22

PrototypingPrototypingAn approximation of the product along one or An approximation of the product along one or more dimensions of interestmore dimensions of interest– Industrial designers Industrial designers concepts concepts– Engineers Engineers a design a design– Software developers Software developers a programming concept a programming concept


TypesTypes– Analytical vs PhysicalAnalytical vs Physical

AnalyticalAnalytical: Intangible; mathematical; : Intangible; mathematical; investigate interesting aspectsinvestigate interesting aspects

PhysicalPhysical: Tangible; approximate the product : Tangible; approximate the product or parts of the productor parts of the product

– Comprehensive vs FocusedComprehensive vs FocusedComprehensiveComprehensive: Full-scale, fully operational: Full-scale, fully operational

FocusedFocused: Implement one or a few attributes : Implement one or a few attributes of the model; often “looks like” or “works of the model; often “looks like” or “works like”like”


Physical

Comprehensive

Focused

Analytical

AlphaPrototype

FinalProduct

BetaPrototype

Not Generally FeasibleEquation modeling

of a part

SLT modelof a part

Machined model

of a subassembly

FEA modeling

of a part


What are prototypes used for?What are prototypes used for?– LearningLearning

Will it work? Does it meet the customer’s needs?Will it work? Does it meet the customer’s needs?

– CommunicationCommunicationLook and feelLook and feel

For management, vendors, extended team, For management, vendors, extended team, investorsinvestors

– IntegrationIntegrationDo parts, subsystems, systems work together?Do parts, subsystems, systems work together?

– MilestonesMilestones


PrinciplesPrinciples– Analytical – generally more flexible than Analytical – generally more flexible than

physicalphysical– Physical – detect unanticipated Physical – detect unanticipated

phenomenaphenomena– Prototypes can reduce iteration processPrototypes can reduce iteration process– Prototypes may expedite other Prototypes may expedite other

development stagesdevelopment stages– Prototypes may restructure task Prototypes may restructure task

dependenciesdependencies


Example: Physical PrototypeExample: Physical PrototypeStudent Project: Automatic CD Changer


Modern TechnologiesModern Technologies– Computer modelingComputer modeling

3D modeling: shape, size, fit, kinematics3D modeling: shape, size, fit, kinematics

Finite Element: stress, strain, deflectionFinite Element: stress, strain, deflection

– Free-form fabricationFree-form fabricationRapid prototyping: StereolithographyRapid prototyping: Stereolithography


KinematicsKinematics


Finite Element AnalysisFinite Element Analysis


Rapid PrototypingRapid Prototyping


Planning processPlanning process– Define the purposeDefine the purpose

Learning, communication, integration, Learning, communication, integration, milestonemilestone

– Establish the level of approximationEstablish the level of approximationAnalytical/physical; focused/comprehensiveAnalytical/physical; focused/comprehensive

– Outline an experimental planOutline an experimental plan– Create a schedule for procurement, Create a schedule for procurement,

construction, and testconstruction, and test


Milestone prototypesMilestone prototypes– Provide tangible goalsProvide tangible goals– Demonstrate progressDemonstrate progress– Enforce the scheduleEnforce the schedule


Types of milestone prototypesTypes of milestone prototypes– AlphaAlpha

Similar shapes/materials; often different Similar shapes/materials; often different production processesproduction processesUsed to assess if product works as intendedUsed to assess if product works as intended

– BetaBetaUse production processes, assemble by handUse production processes, assemble by handUsed to assess reliability; identify bugsUsed to assess reliability; identify bugsMay be given to customersMay be given to customers

– PreproductionPreproductionFirst products of entire production processFirst products of entire production processProvide test productProvide test productValidate production processValidate production process

BAB 11 : Prototyping. Dira Ernawati, ST. MT - P3 2 Prototyping An approximation of the product along...

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