B1b 5 Adaptation B1b 5 Adaptation for Survivalfor Survival

5.1 Adaptation in animals5.1 Adaptation in animals

Lesson objectivesLesson objectives

Understand how animals adapt to Understand how animals adapt to their environmenttheir environment

Understand the relationship Understand the relationship between body size and surface areabetween body size and surface area

Variety of conditionsVariety of conditions

The Earth has a massive variety of The Earth has a massive variety of conditionsconditions Arctic wastelandArctic wasteland DesertDesert Tropical RainforestTropical Rainforest MoorlandMoorland Deep oceanDeep ocean

Extreme conditions – all have lifeExtreme conditions – all have life Adapted to the conditionsAdapted to the conditions

Extreme coldExtreme cold

Arctic animal are adapted to deal Arctic animal are adapted to deal with itwith it

Biggest problem – keeping warmBiggest problem – keeping warm The amount you lose depends on The amount you lose depends on

how much skin you havehow much skin you have Surface area/volume ratio (SA/V)Surface area/volume ratio (SA/V) Lower the ratio – less you loseLower the ratio – less you lose

Polar BearPolar Bear

White fur acts as camouflage??????

Large feet spread the body’s weight. The wide paws act as good paddles

Thick fur and a thick layer of body fat insulate from the cold.

Small ears help to reduce heat loss.

and snow shoes.

Polar BearPolar Bear

Skin is actually black to absorb any heat transmitted through the hairs.

Greasy fur repels water and keeps the bear dry.

Eyes have brown irises to reduce the glare from sunlight reflection.

Body surface area is small compared to volume

to reduce heat loss.

Polar BearPolar Bear

Hot climateHot climate Very difficultVery difficult Very dryVery dry Scorching during Scorching during

dayday Freezing during Freezing during

nightnight Body temperature Body temperature

must be stablemust be stable Best way is Best way is

sweatingsweating Lose waterLose water

Need other Need other adaptationsadaptations

Wide feet for spreading

Fat is stored in the hump. There is no other body fat to prevent overheating.

Brown coat for camouflage.

Long, thin legs mean the body surface area is large compared to volume to increase heat loss.

Loses little water through sweating or urine.

shifting sand.

body weight over soft

How is a camel adapted?How is a camel adapted?

Nostrils can close when needed to protect the camel in sandstorms.

Long eyelashes protect the eyes from sand and dust.

A very varied diet, ranging from grass and bark to thorns and bones, is eaten.

Ears are lined with fur to prevent sand and dust from getting in.

Adapting to a desert Adapting to a desert environmentenvironment

How are leaves How are leaves adapted?adapted?

Broad and flatBroad and flat Veins carry water to the Veins carry water to the

leaf and take food from leaf and take food from the leafthe leaf help to support the leaf.help to support the leaf.

Plant cells contain Plant cells contain chloroplasts with chloroplasts with chlorophyll.chlorophyll.

Small holes called stomata Small holes called stomata in the underside of a leaf in the underside of a leaf allow gases in and outallow gases in and out

Water evaporates from Water evaporates from leavesleaves

Leaves are narrow spines that reduce water loss and protect from predators.

Stores water in fleshy stem.

Thick, waxy surface to reduce water loss - succulents

Plant surface area is small compared to volume to reduce water loss.

Some have shallow, spreading roots for surface water, others have deep roots.

Prickly customersPrickly customers

Learning outcomesLearning outcomes

How are animals adapted to their How are animals adapted to their environment?environment?

Why is SA/V ratio important?Why is SA/V ratio important? What adaptations do plants have?What adaptations do plants have?