b) Time-moving Mapping Time As Unidimensional Spacenunez/COGS155_F17/W7a1.pdf · 1 Example: Time As...
Transcript of b) Time-moving Mapping Time As Unidimensional Spacenunez/COGS155_F17/W7a1.pdf · 1 Example: Time As...
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Example: Time As Unidimensional Space ! Two main conceptual metaphors that model the
inferential structure of many metaphorical expressions
a) “Ego-moving” ! We’re coming to the end of the year
b) “Time-moving” ! Her birthday is approaching
Núñez, 1999 Núñez & Sweetser, 2006 Núñez, Motz, & Teuscher, 2006
a) Ego-moving Mapping
Source Domain Space (sagittal)
Target Domain Time
front of ego future behind ego past
ego’s location present/now
ego’s motion passing of time
b) Time-moving Mapping
Source Domain Space (sagittal)
Target Domain Time
front of ego future behind ego past
ego’s location present/now
motion of objects passing of time
Time As Unidimensional Space a) “Ego-moving”
We’re coming to the end of the year b) “Time-moving”
Thanksgiving is approaching
! Mappings preserve inference: ! spatial transitive relations mapped onto temporal ones ! agency (passive vs active role in action), etc. ! “truth” is relative to mappings
! Meaning and inferences are brought forth ! Effortlessly and (largely) unconsciously
C. conceptual metonymy
! “Moscow hasn’t replied yet” ! “The double-cheeseburger wants another
coke” ! “Give $5 to the taxi-driver”
! A part stands for the whole
! “Moscow hasn’t replied yet” ! “The double-cheeseburger wants another
coke” ! “Give $5 to the taxi-driver”
! A part stands for the whole
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Mapping compositionality
! Conceptual Metonymy and Conceptual Metaphor usually combine in complex ways ! “The bombing of Baghdad has separated
Washington and Paris even further”
Mapping compositionality
! … sometimes with undesired effects
“Communism has led us to the edge of the abyss…today, we have taken a step forward!”
Augusto Pinochet, 1973
D. Conceptual Blending
Input Space 1: Economic indicators Input Space 2: Martyrdom of San Sebastian
Selective projection: shapes of graphs (I1) piercing of arrows (I2) passivity (I2)
Blended Space
Purely imaginary
domain with new
precise inferences!! But not … numerical magnitude (I1) nudity (I2) location of arrows (I2)
E. Fictive Motion
• Talmy (1996, 2003) observed that we often talk (unconsciously and effortlessly, but with precision) about static objects (literal or metaphorical) as if they were dynamic
• This phenomenon manifests itself in language
• Landmark-trajector (figure-ground) construal
E. Fictive Motion
• The fence stops right after the tree. • The boarder between Switzerland and Germany runs
along the Rhine. • The Equator passes through many countries • The California coast goes all the way down to San
Diego • After Corvisart, line 6 reaches Place d’Italie. • Right after crossing the Seine, line 4 comes to
Châtelet. • Unlike Tokyo, in Paris there is no metro line that goes
around the city.