B manTECbeta ING - Ravago · 8 Guttabeta ®: a range of products designed to solve your problems...

Draining, protective and waterproof dimpled membranes in HDPE

TECHNICAL MANUAL

3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COMPANY POLICY ................................................................................................................ Pag. 4, 5, 6, 7

THE PRODUCTS

Technical sheets ................................................................................................................................... Pag. 8, 9

Utilization tables .................................................................................................................................. Pag. 10, 11

LAYING INSTRUCTIONS

Protection of the waterproofing layer and drainage of walls in contact with the soil ........................... Pag. 12, 13

Protection of the waterproofing layer and drainage of walls in contact with the soil in case of large quantities of both rainwater and ground water ........................................................... Pag. 14

Protection of foundations without the layer of lean concrete ............................................................... Pag. 15

Protection and drainage of base slabs ................................................................................................. Pag. 16, 17

Protection and drainage of walls made with casting in contact with the soil with a reduction of the hydrostatic thrust ....................................................................................................................... Pag. 18, 19

Restoration and ventilation of damp interior walls .............................................................................. Pag. 20, 21

Air gaps for the protection of ground floor and underground rooms against capillary rise and Radon gas .................................................................................................................................... Pag. 22, 23

Vapor barrier in floors caused by humidity of construction materials .................................................. Pag. 24, 25

Protection of the waterproofing of flat roofings .................................................................................... Pag. 26, 27

Roof gardens with (and without) water reservoir ................................................................................. Pag. 28, 29

Stabilization of road embankments ............................................. ........................................................ Pag. 30

Stabilization of railway embankments .................................................................................................. Pag. 31

Protection and drainage of channels in waterworks ............................................................................ Pag. 32

Reinforcement of banks ....................................................................................................................... Pag. 33

Drainage of tunnel vaults and tunnels ................................................................................................. Pag. 34

Drainage of open-air tunnel vaults ...................................................................................................... Pag. 35

ACCESSORIES ....................................................................................................................... Pag. 36

CERTIFICATIONS .................................................................................................................. Pag. 37

4

Gutta Werke S.p.A. is sensitive to issues related to

environmental protection, as it considers them an

essential part of the quality of life and an indispensable

condition for a healthy and constructive economic

development.

Consequently, Gutta Werke S.p.A.’s main goal is to

operate so that its production activities cause the least

possible impact on the environment, incorporating the

principles of environmental protection and pursuing

constant improvement in order to prevent pollution.

Specifically, Gutta Werke S.p.A. aims at:

1. Complying with the laws and all environmental

regulations applicable to its own activities;

2. Systematically measuring the environmental impact

of its own operations, understanding the effects and

identifying the causes;

3. Committing itself to generating and managing waste

so as to favor, anytime it is possible, its recovery and

recycling instead of its disposal;

4. Minimizing the environmental impact of new products,

technologies, activities and services by turning to

procedures and planning systems aimed at such end;

5. Promoting the involvement and, if necessary, the

training of its own associates as far as environmental

issues are concerned;

6. Assessing the environmental aspects of the goods

and services used by the company and notifying the

suppliers about requirements pertaining to them;

7. Maintaining open and constructive relationships with

Public Administration bodies, with the community where

the production facilities are located, as well as with the

associations and groups operating on the territory.

Gutta Werke S.p.A., driven by the moral obligation of a

modern company to take environmental resources into

account, and by the belief that the environment is an

important economic competition factor, is committed to

complying with strict environmental protection criteria.

This has translated into a constant commitment, thanks

to which Gutta Werke S.p.A has achieved significant

improvements in recent years in the environmental

performances of all core business activities.

Gutta works to protectthe environment

In the past, the available resources

abundantly covered the energy

requirements; as a result, they were

used without worrying about the

consequences on the environment. Over

the years, this intensive exploitation has caused an

indiscriminate increase in all types of waste and the

deterioration of the planet’s eco-system. We are talking

about uncontrolled deforestation, soil pollution through

the production of non- biodegradable elements and

their dispersion in the environment, water pollution due

to the disposal of untreated substances, and air

pollution caused by the emission of substances

dangerous to man’s health into the atmosphere.

Fortunately, the growth of ecological awareness is

distinguishing those European countries that, slowly

and with difficulty, are trying to find solutions in order to

arrive at a viable balance between ecology and

production, playing on the perception that protecting

the environment ultimately means protecting ourselves.

Gutta has based its production on the use of recycled

and recyclable materials as much as possible, creating

a production process with the lowest environmental

impact possible and using recycled materials in order to

safeguard the environment.

5

Gutta works to saveenvironmental resources

6

Commitment to researchand control in order to achieve high quality

Care of the production processes does not end with

controlling the work cycle. Instead, it continues in the

careful check of the finished product.

Gutta’s Swiss facilities include a testing laboratory for

roofing and plastic products.

The laboratory employs professionals who follow the

application of qualitative processes at the plants and

quality control of the finished product. Each recipe for

the composition of products is studied individually in

relation to the products of the installations being used

and the final application of the product.

The production processes are monitored hour by hour in

order to have a history that is as precise as possible of

the raw material – machine – product relationship.

A considerable portion of the HDPE used by Gutta In its

production process derives from the recycling of “post-

consumption” materials.

These materials come from products that we use in our

daily lives, such as containers for detergents, creams,

liquids, etc., which do not self-destroy and last a long

time as waste.

Consequently, it is important that the post-consumption,

non-degradable product re-enter the production chain

without having to use other natural resources (oil), thus

contributing to reducing non-degradable materials.

After collecting and selecting the plastic packaging, they

are ground and turned into scales, which are then

washed and dried carefully.

After completing this phase, the scales undergo a heat

treatment aimed at converting them back into a uniform

and fluid mass, which is then cut in many small pellets.

A new raw material is born suitable for the production of

the dimpled membrane Guttabeta®. This new material

that can take on different colors, through the addition of

masters, depending on the customer’s requirements.

Guttabeta® is a product designed with the environment

in mind. Furthermore, at the end of its work cycle it can

be recycled once again. The advantages for the

environment are clear!

Materials recycling as the primary goal

7

Reasons for using Guttabeta® dimpled membranes in construction works

Often the only waterproofing used to protect

construction works is the bituminous sheet, either flame-

laid or self-adhesive, or in some cases a double layer of

cold-laid asphalt. Even if a premium quality sheath is

used and laid in a workmanlike manner, the construction

phases subsequent to the laying seriously jeopardize

the integrity of the waterproofing carried out, as for

example in the case of foundation walls filled with inert

materials. The mechanical action and variety of filling

materials, not to mention the possibility that large-sized

materials can be used, often damage the waterproofing

layer. This occurs in the form of cuts or damages that

cause water infiltrations, humidity stains and moulds in

interior rooms. In this case, the laying of Guttabeta® as

a separating layer between the bituminous sheath and

the filling material offers many advantages:

1. it contrasts the mechanical action carried out by the

inert material, thus preventing cuts or lacerations in the

sheath.

2. it increases the waterproofing function as the HDPE,

the material that makes up the Guttabeta® membrane, is

completely waterproof.

3. It acts as a draining element in case of flowing or

infiltration water adjacent to the walls.

All this increases the healthiness of living quarters, the

life of the structure and reduces extraordinary

maintenance. The quality of Guttabeta® does not end

with its compression resistance and waterproofing

protection. With Guttabeta® Star Drain, a combination

of membrane and geo-textile fabric, it carries out an

effective draining action thanks to the drainage chamber

located between the fabric and the base of the studs.

This draining quality is used both in vertical walls and in

flat roofings, with roof garden or gravel finishes. Another

important function carried out by Guttabeta®, through its

PT version, is the reduction of the the capillary rise of

humidity in basements or in the walls of floors in contact

with the soil, providing a definitive solution to humidity

stains in plaster. Moreover, thanks to its plaster

supporting net, Guttabeta® PT is also used to build

ventilated external facades, as the studs allow

ventilation of the wall. The waterproof membrane

protects the indoor premises from humidity and beating

rain, while the plaster supporting net makes it easier for

the plaster to stick to the wall. Even in the presence of

rising humidity in the floors, Guttabeta®’s T20 version,

with 20-mm studs, creates an air space underneath the

floor with the dual function of stopping the spread of

humidity inside the room and avoiding the troublesome

dew effect on floor tiles caused by the ceramic laid on

the cold floor coming in contact with the higher indoors

temperature. Guttabeta® T20 prevents this

phenomenon from occurring as it creates a 20-mm

tempered air chamber that results in drier floors. Finally,

Gutta’s family of HDPE membranes includes a sheet for

roof garden with water reservoir. This special product,

called Guttabeta® T20 Garden, has the same 20-mm

studded structure as the Guttabeta® T20 but it features

drainage holes for excess water between one stud and

the next. In fact, by laying these sheets with the female

studs facing upward, in case of rainfall or watering the

small cups fill up with water and become a reservoir for

the garden during dry spells. In case of water in excess

of the studs filling capacity, the water flows into the

special holes mentioned before and will be eliminated by

means of the waterproofing. In the following pages, in

addition to the technical sheets of the products that

make up the family of Guttabeta® membranes, you will

also find the design drawings, subdivided by

applications, as well as the laying instructions.

8

Guttabeta®: a range of products designed to solve your problems

Guttabeta® Star 320kN, 400kN, 530kN

Item specification Guttabeta® Star 320 kN: dimpled membrane in high-density extruded polyethylene type Guttabeta® Star 320 kNwith star-shaped

studs, certified mechanical compression resistance of at least 320 kN/m2 and a minimum of 1800 studs per m2.

Guttabeta® Star 400 kN: dimpled membrane in high-density extruded polyethylene type Guttabeta® Star 400 kNwith star-shaped


Guttabeta® Star 530 kN: dimpled membrane in high-density extruded polyethylene type Guttabeta® Star 530 kNwith star-shaped


Guttabeta® Star drain - drain V

Item specificationGuttabeta® Star drain: dimpled membrane in high-density extruded polyethylene type Guttabeta® Star drainwith star-shapedstuds, combined with a layer of geo-textile fabric in polypropylene with continuous-filament yarn, certified mechanical com-pression resistance of at least 530 kN/m2, minimum drainage capacity of 4.6 l/s/m and a minimum of 1800 studs per m2.

Guttabeta® Star drain V: Dimpled membrane in high-density extruded polyethylene type Guttabeta® Star drain V with star-shaped studs, combined with a polypropylene geo-textile needle fabric, certified mechanical compression resistance of atleast 320 kN/m2, minimum draining capacity 4.6 l/s/m and a minimum of 1800 studs per m2.

Characteristics Star 320 kN Star 400 kN Star 530 kN

Material high density polyethylene (HDPE)

Colour Black Brown Brown

Certified mechanical resistance 320 kN/m2 (32 t/m2 ) 400 kN/m2 (40 t/m2 ) 530 kN/m2 (53 t/m2 )

Studs height 7 mm 7 mm 7 mm

Studs n° per m2 approx. 1860 approx.1860 approx. 1860

Air volume between studs approx. 5 l/m2 approx. 5 l/m2 approx. 5 l/m2

Drainage capacity 4,6 l/s/m 4,6 l/s/m 4,6 l/s/m

Thermal stabilityfrom -40°C to +80°C protect from U.V. rays

from -40°C to +80°C protect from U.V. rays


Physical-chemical properties Resistant to chemical agents, resistant to roots, does not pollute the water-bearing stratum, resistant to contamination from fungi

and bacteria, non-degradable. Cannot stand UV rays

Combustion class F - DM 15/03/05 F - DM 15/03/05 F - DM 15/03/05

Rolls size (m)1,0 x 30 - 1,5 x 30 2,0 x 30 - 2,5 x 30 3,0 x 30 - 3,5 x 30

4,0 x 30

1,0 x 25 - 1,5 x 252,0 x 25 - 2,5 x 25 3,0 x 25 - 3,5 x 25

4,0 x 25

1,0 x 20 - 1,5 x 202,0 x 20 - 2,5 x 20 3,0 x 20 - 3,5 x 20

4,0 x 20

Rolls per palletda 1,0m: 24 rotoli

da 1,5 a 2,5m: 12 rotoli da 3,0 a 4,0m: 16 rotoli

da 1,0m: 24 rotoli da 1,5 a 2,5m: 12 rotoli da 3,0 a 4,0m: 16 rotoli

da 1,0m: 24 rotoli da 1,5 a 2,5m: 12 rotoli da 3,0 a 4,0m: 16 rotoli

Dimensional tolerance 4% 4% 4%

Characteristics Star Drain Star Drain V

Membrane material High-density polyethylene (HDPE) High-density polyethylene (HDPE)

Draining material Continuous filament polypropylene Needle polypropylene

Colore Black Black

Certified mechanical resistance 530 kN/m2 (53 t/m2 ) 320 kN/m2 (32 t/m2 )

Geo-textile weight approx. 140 g/m2 approx. 110 g/m2

Studs height 7 mm 7 mm

Studs n° per m2 approx. 1860 approx. 1860

Air volume between studs approx. 5 l/m2 approx. 5 l/m2

Drainage capacity approx. 4,6 l/s/m approx. 4,6 l/s/m

Thermal stabilityfrom -40°C to +80°C protect from U.V. rays


Physical-chemical propertiesResistant to chemical agents, to roots, to contamination from fungi and bacteria, does

not pollute the water-bearing stratum, non-degradable. Cannot stand UV rays

Combustion class F - DM 15/03/05 F - DM 15/03/05

Rolls size (m) 2,0 x 20 m 2,0 x 20 m

Rolls per pallet 6 rolls 6 rolls

Dimensional tolerance 4% 4%

+-

+-

+-

+-

+-

guttabeta® T20 garden

Item specificationGutta® T20 garden: Membrane in high-density extruded polyethylene for roof gardens with water reservoir, type Gutta®

T20 garden garden, 1 mm thick, with studs that are 20 mm high, mechanical compression resistance of at least 150 kN/m2,

resistant to chemical agents, compatible with drinking water, resistant to contamination by fungi and bacteria, non-degra-

dable, featuring holes around the studs to allow drainage of excess water.

gutta® T20 garden

9

guttabeta® PT

Item specificationguttabeta® PT: Dimpled membrane in high-density extruded polyethylene type guttabeta® PT, combined with a heat-welded

plaster supporting net, with air volume of 5.5 l/sqm behind the studs and a mechanical compression resistance of at least

150 KN/m2.

guttabeta® T20

Item specificationguttabeta® T20: Membrana bugnata in polietilene estruso ad alta densità tipo guttabeta® T20, con bugne alte 20 mm, vo-

lume d’aria tra le bugne di 14 l/m2 e resistenza meccanica alla compressione non inferiore a 150 kN/m2.

guttabeta® PT

guttabeta® T20

Materiale Special high-density polyethylene (HDPE)

Thickness of the material approx 0,6 mm .

Roll size 2,0 x 10 m

Studs height approx. 8 mm

Studs number per m2 approx 1150

Air volume between studs approx 5,5 l/m2

Compression resistance approx >15 t/m2 (150 kN/m2)

Thermal stability from –40° to +80°C

Chemical-physical propertiesResistant to chemical agents, resistant to roots, non-degra-dable. Stable in time, waterproof. Cannot stand UV rays

Combustion class F - DM 15/03/05

Material Special high-density polyethylene (HDPE)

Thickness of the material approx 1,0 mm

Roll size 2,5 x 20 m

Studs height 20 mm

Studs number per m2 approx 400

Air volume between studs approx 14 l/m2

Capacità di drenaggio approx. 10 l/s/m

Compression resistance approx >15 t/m2 (150 kN/m2)

Thermal stability from –40° to +80°C protect from U.V. rays

Chemical-physical propertiesResistant to chemical agents, resistant to roots, does not pollutethe water-bearing stratum, resistant to contamination from fungiand bacteria, non-degradable. Cannot stand UV rays.


Material Special high-density polyethylene (HDPE)

Colour Black

Thickness of the material 1,0 mm approx.

Weight 1000 gr/m2

Sheet size 2,0 x 20 m

Studs height 20 mm

Diameter of the holes 3 mmapprox.

Studs per m2 400 approx.

Air volume between studs 14 l/m2 approx.

Certified compression resistance > 15 t/m2 approx. (150 kN/m2)

Dreinage capacity 10 l/s/m approx.

Chemical-physical propertiesResistant to chemical agents, resistant to roots, does not pollute the

water-bearing stratum, resistant to contamination from fungi and

bacteria, non-degradable.


Sheets per pallet 4 rolls

10

FLATROOFS

HORIZONTAL

WORKS

VERTICALWORKS

CIVIL CONSTRUCTION

Problem Recommended product

Product specifications

page

Layinginstructionson page

Products utilization table

Protection of the waterproofing layer

and drainage of walls in contact with the soilGuttabeta®Star 320 kN e 400 kN 8 12

Protection of the waterproofing layer and drai-nage of walls in contact with the soil, in caseof large quantities of both rainwater andground water

Guttabeta® Star drain

Guttabeta® Star drain V8 14

Protection of foundations without the layer

of lean concrete Guttabeta® Star 320 kN, 400kN, 530 kN 8 15

Protection and drainage of base slabs Guttabeta® Star 320 kN, 400kN 8 16

Protection and drainage of walls made with

casting in contact with the soil with a reduction

of the hydrostatic thrust

Guttabeta® Star drain 8 18

Restoration and ventilation of damp interior

walls Guttabeta® PT 9 20

Air gaps for the protection of ground floor

and underground rooms against capillary rise

and radon gas

Guttabeta® T20, PT

Guttabeta® Star 320 kN, 400 kN9 22

Vapor barrier in floors caused by humidity

of construction materials Guttabeta® Star 320 kN, 400kN 8 24

Protection of the waterproofing of flat roofingsGuttabeta® Star 530 kN

Guttabeta® T208

926

Roof gardens with (and without)

water reservoir

Guttabeta® T20 garden

Guttabeta® Star drain9

828

11

Product specifications

page

8

8

Layinginstructionson page

30

31

ROAD AND RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION

Problem

Stabilization of road embankments

Stabilization of railway embankments

Recommended product

Guttabeta® Star 530 kN


Product

specifications

page

8

8

Laying

instructions

on page

32

33

WATERWORKS

Problem

Protection and drainage of channels in waterworks

Reinforcement of banks

Recommended product



Product

specifications

page

8

8

Laying

instructions

on page

34

35

PASSAGEWAYS AND TUNNELS

Problem

Drainage of tunnel vaults and tunnels

Drainage of open-air tunnel vaults

Recommended product



Products utilization table

Protection of the waterproofing layer and drainage of walls in contact with the soil.

Recommended products: Guttabeta® Star 320 kN, Guttabeta® Star 400 kN

The waterproofing function of wallsin contact with the soil is generallyassigned to one or more layers ofbituminous sheath or to theapplication of various materials suchas plasters or cold-laid asphalts. It iscrucial to protect the installedwaterproofing against damagescaused by the backfill with inertmaterials. These materials, due totheir intrinsic characteristics such ashigh grading, the fact that theyderive from crushing operationsinstead of natural erosion combinedwith carelessness during the backfilloperations can damage thewaterproofing layer, thus thwartingthe advantages provided by its use.Consequently, it is important toguarantee a protective layer next tothe waterproofing which, in additionto ensuring its wholeness, alsoallows for rapid water flow and forthe creation of a ventilated space forimproved thermal insulation,consequently reducing the risk ofcondensate forming on the internalface of the wall. Guttabeta® Star 320 kN or 400 kNcan carry out the functionsdescribed above thanks to its highcompression resistance. In addition,its shape guarantees a cushioneffect near the waterproof layer, andit can dampen the effects of theimpact with stones and the directcontact between the sharp edges ofthe filler material and the waterprooflayers. Moreover, if properly laid, aninitial waterproof barrier is created,capable of withholding largerquantities of water coming from theground. Laying Guttabeta® Star 320kN or 400 kN with the male studsfacing the waterproof layer alsocreates a small air space next to thefacing in contact with the soil thatguarantees quick water drainageand the formation of a space filledwith air at a temperature betweenthe soil temperature and the one ofthe work to be protected. This airspace improves the degree ofoverall thermal insulation of the wall,consequently increasing thetemperature on the inner surfaceand reducing the risk of condensate,which depends on the internaldegree of humidity and on thetemperature of the wall surface.

12

©

1

2

©

Guttabeta® profile

with JHN 40 plugs

Wallin

reinforcedconcrete

Interno

Filling with various

inert materials

Draining material

(gravel and mixed)

Guttatex® 400 fabric

Draining pipe wrappedin geo-textile fabric

Waterproof layer

Waterproof layer

Guttabeta®profile


inert materials

Guttabeta® Star 320kNor Star 400kNprotecting membrane withstuds facing the wall

Guttabeta® Star 320kN or Star 400kNprotecting membrane with studs facingthe wall

VERTICALWORKS

Laying instructions

Guttabeta® Star 320 kN or 400 kNis laid after having positioned auniform and complete bituminous (orother type) waterproofing on thefoundation walls. Select the height ofthe Guttabeta® Star roll so that it isgreater than the height of thewaterproofing sheath. Unroll Guttabeta® Star along thewall with the male studs facing thesame wall, being careful to alsocover the foundation base andleaving at least 40 centimetersbeyond it. On the foundation, lay abed of draining material in support ofthe water discharge pipe, positioningthe final portion of Guttabeta® Starover it. Fix the top part of themembrane using the steel nailssupplied with the membrane at aninterval of 50 cm. Then position theclosing plastic profile (accessory)along the flat part of the membrane,and fix it to the concrete walls usingthe steel nails supplied with themembrane, being careful to leave amaximum space of 50 cm betweenone nail and the next, and continuethe job along all the foundationwalls. For improved protection of thewaterproofing effect and in order toguarantee a better and more evenbehavior of the Guttabeta® Star 320kN or 400 kN layer, both during thebackfill and during operation, it isadvisable to position a bituminousadhesive strip, available as anaccessory, between the two edgesat the vertical overlapping, whichshould be at least 20 cm wide. Aftercompleting the laying and the fixingof the top part, and after positioningthe Guttatex® 400 fabric, carefullylay the draining material withmaximum grain of 10 cm in thebottom part beyond the foundationextrados so as to guaranteesufficient adherence of theGuttabeta® Star layer to the wall.Then proceed as shown in thefigure. It is recommended to unloadthe inert material foreseeing, asmuch as possible, its rolling againstthe bank, and to prevent the fallingmaterial sticking to the Guttabeta®

Star layer from dragging the samelayer downward, which can causethe top fixing to become detached.

13

3

4

5

6

Guttabeta®

profile with JHN 40 plugs

Temporary fixing of the fabric

FASE 1

FASE 2

FASE 3

FASE 4

Guttabeta®


Guttabeta®


Guttabeta®


Wallin

reinforcedconcrete

Interno

Wallin

reinforcedconcrete

Innerpart

Wallin

reinforcedconcrete

Innerpart

Wallin

reinforcedconcrete

Innerpart

Guttatex® 400fabric

Drainage pipe wrapped in thegeo-textile fabric

Waterproof layer

Guttabeta® Star 320kN or Star 400kNwith studs facing the wall

Temporary fixing of the fabric


Draining material

(gravel and mixed)


Waterproof layer



Draining material

(gravel and mixed)


Waterproof layer



Draining material

(gravel and mixed)


inert materials


Waterproof layer


©

©

©

©

14

In case of large amounts of bothrain and ground water, it isadvisable to increase the drainingcapacity in order to avoid waterstagnation and the presence ofareas subject to hydrostaticpressure close to the wall. In order to make this possible, anair space with constant size andguaranteed in time, must beensured. This air space eliminatesthe hydrostatic pressure throughthe constant flow of water inside it,mainly in an downward direction,where a drainage and dischargesystem must be ensured. In order to achieve this, layGuttabeta® Star Drain o Drain V.

Laying instructions

Guttabeta® Star Drain o Drain Vis laid after having positioned auniform and complete bituminouswaterproofing layer on thefoundation wall. Unroll Guttabeta®

Star Drain o Drain V along thesame wall, making sure that thefabric side of the membrane facesthe ground, up to the foundationfoot, and leaving at least 40 cm ofGuttabeta® Star Drain o Drain Vbeyond the same foot. Lay a bed ofdraining material on the foundationsurface in support of the waterdischarge pipe, positioning it on topof the final portion of theGuttabeta® Star Drain o Drain V(see fig.7). Fix the top portion of themembrane using the nails suppliedwith the same membrane at aninterval of 50 cm at the most (seefig. 8). Then position the plasticclosing profile at the top of themembrane, fastening it to thereinforced concrete wall using steelnails. Continue along all thefoundation walls. After that, fix theGuttabeta® Star Drain o Drain Vusing the relevant fixing kit (plasticplugs with washer) after havingdrilled holes in the wall, creating ananchoring mesh of 1x1 m (see fig.8), also including the verticaloverlappings that must be at least20 cm wide. For improvedprotection, position a bituminousadhesive strip between the twooverlapping edges of theGuttabeta® Star Drain o Drain V.After completing the fixingoperations, proceed with thebackfill, being careful to carry it outin uniform layers, according todiagram 3-4-5-6 on page 13.

©

8

©

7

Protection of the waterproofing layer and drainage of walls in contact with the soil in case of large quantities of both rainwater and ground water.

Guttabeta® profile

with JHN 40 plugs

Protecting membrane

Guttabeta® Star Drain

Guttabeta® profile

Protective membrane

Guttabeta® Star Drain

Plastic plugs with washer

50 cm 50 cm 50 cm 50 cm

50 cm 50 cm 50 cm 50 cm

100cm


inert materials

Draining material

(gravel and mixed)



Waterproof layer

Wallin

reinforcedconcrete

Interno

Recommended products: Guttabeta® Star drain, Star drain V

VERTICALWORKS

15

Protection of foundations without the layer of lean concrete.

The foundations rest on a layer oflean concrete or directly on theground. Rarely is attention paid tothe need for providing for a barrieragainst the capillary rise of waterpresent in the soil and for protectingthe structure meant to preserve theconcrete and steel from aggressivesubstances found in the soil and/ordissolved in the water. Moreover,little attention is paid to the concretecover, which must be guaranteed inorder to adequately protect thereinforcing rods. By usingGuttabeta® Star, laid with the malestuds facing the concrete, it ispossible to guarantee at the sametime the waterproof barrier againstthe capillary rise and the minimum 8-mm cover of the rods (in many casesresting directly on the lean concrete).In case the ground is sufficientlyleveled after the excavation, thelayer of lean concrete can beavoided (see fig. 9). Moreover, if thesoil is clayey, it is possible to preparethe foundation trench and lay themembrane on the sides as well anduse it as a disposable formwork,thereby adding this function to themain one of waterproof barrier (seefig. 10). This results in considerablesavings in terms of materials, laborcosts and time required to lay thefoundations. The Guttabeta® Startype is selected depending on theloads on the soil and on thecharacteristics of the foundation soil,considering that the product featuresa resistance such as to transfer theload directly on the ground. Thanksto its rotproofness, it guarantees apermanent barrier against capillaryrise. Without such barrier, anysubsequent attempt to eliminate thephenomenon is hardly effective andvery burdensome, as it is carried outon a structure in direct contact withthe soil.

Laying instructions

After the excavation and the levelingof the surface on which thefoundations are laid, in case the leanconcrete is not cast, the membranesheets can be positioned, beingcareful to overlap them by at least 20cm. When laying the membranesheets, allow the membrane to alsocover the sides of the structure,either immediately during the castingor after the sides are dismantled incase the job provides for theformwork of the same sides.Then position the reinforcing cagesequipped with the relevant spacersso that they rest directly on the studsof the membrane, and proceed withthe casting (see fig. 9-10).By guaranteeing the absence of

water and air on the contact surfacesbetween the structure and the soil,carbonation phenomena areinhibited and the cement isprevented from being attacked bysalts and sulfates, whichsubsequently cause oxidation of thereinforcements and deterioration ofthe structure. The position in whichsuch deterioration occurs does notallow for its detection until the

phenomenon is well under way. Inthis case, it would be veryburdensome, if not even impossible,to restore the structure.

©

9

©

10

Separating layer

Guttabeta® Star 320kN-400kN-530kN

Separating layer

Guttabeta® Star 320kN - 400 kN - 530kN

Wall in reinforced concrete

Wall in reinforced concrete

Formwork

Formwork

Recommended products: Guttabeta® Star 320kN, Star 400kN, Star 530kN

16

Protection and drainage of base slabs

Recommended product: Guttabeta® Star 320kN, Star 400kN

In base slabs and on foundations ingeneral with large surfaces incontact with the soil, the effects ofcapillary rise and in any case ofprotecting the structure and therooms located on the ground floorfrom humidity and radon gas areaggravated.In case it is necessary to lay baseslabs on a very humid soil or evenbelow the water-bearing layer, it iscrucial to guarantee the efficiency ofthe waterproofing barrier and itscareful protection both during thejobs and in operation. This functionmust also be guaranteed thedrainage in case of water flowgenerated by both a fluctuatingwater-bearing stratum and bymeteoric events associated withartificial disposal systems. Suchdrainage has to ensure that thelevels established in operation aremaintained. All the more reason inthese cases, given the constantpresence of water and air on thesoil-structure interface, to guaranteesufficient durability of the samestructure by interposing awaterproof barrier with enough of amechanical resistance to ensureboth the transmission of loads fromthe structure to the soil and the non-tearing of the same barrier in case ofobjects with jagged surfaces in thesoil and in cement castings. In areaswhere there is no waterproof sheathin contact with the soil, the guttabetasheet guarantees an efficient barrieragainst radon gas, harmful to one’shealth, in many cases present in thesoil.

©

11

©

12

Guttabeta® profile

with JHN 40 plugs

Draining material

(gravel and mixed)



P.O.

P.V.

Depth

(h)

q

q Overload (t/m2)

Waterproof

membrane

Guttabeta® Star 320kN or 400kN

CONSTANT VALUES NOT INFERABLE FROM THE GRAPHS

Specific weight of the soil 1,8

Parameter inclinationwith respect to the horizon

90

Internal friction anglesof the soil

21° - 24° - 27°

30° - 33° - 36°P.V. vertical pressure

P.O. horizontal pressure

VERTICALWORKS

17

Laying instructions

After completing the foundationtrench, proceed with leveling it or withcasting lean concrete, on top ofwhich the sheets of Guttabeta® Star320kN or 400kN can be laid, beingcareful to overlap them by about 20cm. Position the studs facing upwardso as to guarantee a minimumconcrete cover on the brackets of thereinforcing cages, which areequipped with suitable spacers, to belaid directly on the Guttabeta® Star .Fold the sheets over along the edgesin order to ensure that the sides ofthe structures are coveredimmediately during the casting (ifused as disposable formwork) orafter formwork removal of the sides.Special attention must be paid incase of a water-bearing stratumhigher than the foundation level. Inthis case, prior to the laying, a layerof cement must be cast on which toposition a waterproof barrierconsisting of bituminous sheaths. In order to protect the waterprooflayer both during the layingoperations of the reinforcements andduring the casting, positionGuttabeta® Star 320kN or 400kNwith the studs facing upward, cuttingthem off along their edges, inside theexternal edge of the structure so asto allow connection of the horizontalbituminous sheath with the sheath tobe laid on the sides and on theelevating structure. After completingthe latter, proceed with waterproofingit and with protecting the waterprooflayer by laying Guttabeta® Star320kN or 400kN, depending on thecharacteristics of the soil and/or thefilling material (see fig. 11).In case large amounts of water haveto be disposed of in order toguarantee its flow in relation to theproper operation of natural or forceddrainage systems, it is advisable toposition a sheet of Guttabeta® Stardrain close to the walls (see fig. 13).The methods for proper laying aredescribed on page 13 in figures 3-4-5-6.

©

13

©

14

Guttabeta® profile

with JHN 40 plugsDraining material

(gravel and mixed)



Waterproof

membrane



q = 2,00 t/m2 = friction angle of the soil

q = 2,00 t/m2 = friction angle of the soil

Pressure on the membrane (t/m2)


P.V. vertical pressure


Depth

(h)

Depth

(h)

18

Protection and drainage of walls built with casting in contact with the soil andwith a reduction of the hydrostatic thrust

Recommended product: Guttabeta® Star drain Guaranteeing proper drainage inelevating structures that requirecasting in contact with the soil is ashard as it is indispensable. In casethis is not possible and the structureconstitutes the wall of a building, inorder to use the underground floorsit is crucial to provide for theconstruction of a lining wall at adistance such as to ensure an airspace equipped with discharges inorder to eliminate the inevitableinfiltrations of water. This results ina loss of surface area of the roomsand in the high cost of the liningwall. The presence of water underpressure close to the wallgenerates a stronger thrust on thesame wall, and requires a wall sizethat results in higher costs.

Laying instructions

This problem can be solved bypositioning a sheet of Guttabeta®

Star drain directly on the trenchwall, with the fabric side laid againstthe ground and being careful toclose the top opening with a sheetof fabric so as to avoid obstructionof the space between the fabric andthe sheath that make up theGuttabeta® Star drain draincaused by fine soil particlesconveyed by the incoming water onthe top part (see fig. 15). Horizontalholes can be provided near the wallfoundations to collect the water anddirect it into the sewer system of thebuilding or of the yards to be builtdownstream (see fig. 16). Theupstream drainage guarantees theabsence of hydrostatic thrust, whilethe presence of the waterproofelement adhering to the wallensures adequate protection interms of wall durability. For theportion of the wall that extendsbeyond the part cast in contact withthe soil, proceed as instructed onpage 14, in relation to the requested

©

©

15

16

Protecting membrane


Protecting membrane

Guttabeta® Star drainlaid against the soil prior

to the casting


inert materials

Water flow

Draining pipe for water drainage

Draining pipe for water drainage

Foundations

WALL IN CONTACT WITH THE SOIL

150 cm 150 cm

Waterproof membrane

VERTICALWORKS

19

©

©

17

18

CONSTANT VALUES NOT INFERABLE FROM THE GRAPHS

Specific weight of the soil 1,8

Parameter inclinationwith respect to the horizon

90

Internal friction angles of the soil

21° - 24° - 27°

30° - 33° - 36°

P.O.

P.V.

Depth

(h)

q

q

overload (t/m2)

angle of the soil





Depth

(h)

Depth

(h)

Depth

(h)

Depth

(h)



= friction angle of the soil

Restoration and ventilation of damp interior walls.

Recommended product: Guttabeta® PT (with plaster lining)

Humidity in vertical walls is a verycommon phenomenon, in particularif the walls are located on theground floor of older buildings inareas with fine-grain soil, especiallyclayey, during construction worksfor which no techniques wereadopted to insulate the foundationsand the portions of wall in contactwith the soil. The main cause is thecapillary rise of water contained inthe soil through the wall structure,which varies depending on thecharacteristics of the samestructure. This phenomenon isusually limited to the ground floor.Another reason is the condensationof internal humidity on the surface ofthe perimeter wall, due to the lowsurface temperature of the samewall and to the presence of high-mass construction elements. In thecase of walls built with acombination of stone and bricks, thecondensate often forms on thestone elements.In both cases unpleasantphenomena occur, such as flakingplaster, exudation, mold, dampareas or stains on the walls.At times, these phenomena alsooccur in new buildings whereunsuitable materials were used andthe basic foundations insulationmeasures were not adopted,ventilated air gaps were notprovided for, waterproofing of thewalls in contact with the soil was notcarried out and so on. The operationneeded to fully eliminate the causesof these phenomena is verycomplex, and in most cases it isextremely difficult. However, it ispossible to limit their occurrenceinside the rooms to the point ofalmost eliminating the damagesthey cause on finishing materialssuch as plaster, floorings, liningsand furniture, as well as to improvethe health and sanitary conditionsand the habitable quality of thesame rooms.Guttabeta® PT can be used to solvethese problems. It is a membrane inHDPE basically made of virginpolymer on which a plaster holdingnet is applied. This net is suitable forhousing the finishing plaster.Thanks to the studs, which are fixedto the wall by means of suitableplugs, an air chamber is createdbetween the damp wall and thefinishing plaster, thus ensuringproper ventilation of the same wall.This results in dry plaster, stablecolors and healthy rooms throughtime.

20

©

19

20

Skirting board with

spacers for air intake

in the air space

Plaster

Plaster

Aeration profile

Aeration profile

Guttabeta® PT

Separating layer

Guttabeta® Star 320kN o 400kN

Guttabeta® PT

Guttabeta® PT

JHN 40 plug

JNH 400 plug

Flooring

Base

course

Slab

Parete

©

VERTICALWORKS

Laying instructions

The phases for laying Guttabeta®

PT are the following: thoroughlyclean the wall and, using a hard-bristle brush, remove as much aspossible the damaged parts (flakingplaster, exudation and so on). Ifnecessary, stucco any holes in thewalls. Fix the PT profiles to thecorner of the wall and the ceilingand to the corner of the wall and thefloor. Unroll Guttabeta® PT from thetop down (or vice versa).Fix the membrane from the startingpoint using JNH40 plugs and fixingbuttons every 30 cm. Unroll theGuttabeta® PT membrane evenfurther, continuing to rivet it with a30x30 cm mesh, and being carefulto lay it with your hands so as toavoid folds. Overlap the next roll byabout 20 cm and make sure thestuds match up. Using the samemortar as the plaster, fix all theplugs that were inserted into thewall and lay a strip of plasterholding adhesive net along theoverlapping of the sheets. Preparenew mortar to apply with a trowel(not by spraying or casting). Theflexibility of Guttabeta® PT does notcreate any problems when applyingthe plaster, and the wall stabilizesthanks to the hardening of the sameplaster. In order to ensure properventilation between the damagedwall and Guttabeta® PT, use thespecial PT profiles only (see fig. 29and 31) to be fixed to the ceilingand to the floor. They will maintain agood aeration thanks to theiropenings, and their projections willalso help to smooth out the plaster. Sheets of plasterboard ormatchboards can be applied to theGuttabeta® PT profile.

©

21

22

21

Plaster

Aeration holes

Aeration holes

Guttabeta® PT profile

Guttabeta® PT profile

Slab

Slab

Wall

Aeration

Openings for walls aeration

Guttabeta® PT

JNH 400 plug

©

2222

Air gaps for the protection of ground floor and underground rooms from capillary rise and radon gas

Recommended product: Guttabeta® T20, Guttabeta® PT, Guttabeta® Star 320 kN, 400kN

All rooms with floor located at theground level, unless adequatelyprotected, are subject to capillaryrise, condensate formation andradon infiltrations from theunderlying soil where this gas ispresent. The sanitary regulations inforce in various regions require, incase of rooms intended as livingquarters or production facilities, or inany case in the presence of people,the creation of a ventilated air gapthat can act as a barrier againstcapillary rise and can eliminate anyradon gas present in the soil. Theconstruction of a ventilated air gapdoes not entail big problems in newbuildings. Simply make a deeperexcavation so as to allow in generalthe laying of plastic elements suchas Guttadrytek®, of various heights,with the function of disposableformwork and cast the cement thatconstitutes the resting surface forthe floor. In existing buildings,because of the foundations level,existing base courses, drainagenetworks, etc. it is not alwayspossible to arrange for a traditionalair gap. And when it is in factpossible, the job becomes veryburdensome and inconvenient if thebuilding is inhabited. When it is notpossible or cost-effective to carry outa bigger excavation in case of newbuildings, or in case of existingones, an air gap can be built startingfrom the flooring support, consistingof a cement floor or the existingfloor, in case of existing buildings,depending on the required minimumheights according to the regulationsin force or desired by the Purchaserin relation to the intended use of thepremises. It is important to associatea vertical air gap with the horizontalone on the perimeter walls as well.Especially in the case of existingbuildings, in fact, these walls featureextended phenomena of capillaryrise due to the absence of insulationof the structures from the soil. Only aconstant flow of air inside the air gapallows the elimination of thishumidity and higher temperature onthe internal surface so as to limit therisk of condensate and consequentlyof mold. In case radon gas ispresent in the soil, it is important tokeep the air gap aeration separatefrom that of the wall. Below is adescription of the recommendedmethods for the realization ofhorizontal and vertical air gaps usingour products.

©

23

©

24

Impermeable

membrane

Skirting board

with spacers for

air intake in the

air space

Skirting board

with spacers for

air intake in the

air space

Spacers

Wood or plaster-

board lining

Intake of air for

the air gap

Intake of air for

the air gap

Plaster

Aeration profile

Guttabeta® PT

Foundation

in cement

ground

ground

Wallin

reinforcedconcrete

ground

ground

Wallin

reinforcedconcrete

Separating layer


Guttabeta® T20

Separating layer

Guttabeta® T20

Guttabeta® PT

Fixing plugs and buttons

JNH 400 plug

Flooring

Flooring

Base course

Base course

Guttasilent® 100double layer

Waterproof

membraneFoundation

in cement

Guttasilent® 100double layer

HORIZONTALWORKS

23

Floor with Guttabeta® T20

Thoroughly clean the air gap support(existing floor or foundation).Afterwards, it is advisable, for thepurpose of limiting the dew effect onthe floor, to unroll on the floor adouble layer (with crisscrossingsheets) of Guttasilent® N100,closed-cell cross-linkedpolyethylene, being careful to weldthe overlapping edges with hot air.Then unroll Guttabeta® T20 on topof the Guttasilent® N100. Thesheets must be overlapped by atleast two studs, and sealed by fillingthe double row of female studs withbituminous elastic sheath(Guttabielastic®) and byoverlapping the subsequent sheet. Ifnecessary, position a reinforcingmesh on top of the Guttabeta® T20,with the relevant spacers for thecasting. Cast the concrete topping,on top of which the floor will be laid.With regards to insulating walls fromhumidity, two products can be used:Guttabeta® Star 320 kN or 400 kN(see drawing 19) or Guttabeta® PT(see drawing 20). In the first case,the function of the Guttabeta® Star320 kN or 400 kN will be to insulatethe finishing, to be carried out inplasterboard or wood, againsthumidity through the supports. Whilein the second case, usingGuttabeta® PT, the plaster finishingthat will be applied directly on themembrane will receive the samewaterproofing benefit by speeding upthe job.

Wall with Guttabeta® Star 320 kNo 400 kN

Clean the wall thoroughly and,using a hard-bristle brush, removeas much as possible thedeteriorated parts (flaking plaster,exudation and so on). If necessary,stucco any holes in the walls.Unroll the Guttabeta® Star 320 kNor 400 kNmembrane along the wall,being careful to leave a free spaceof 5 or 6 cm both at the bottom andnear the ceiling in order to allow thepassage of air (see drawing 19). Anchor the Guttabeta® Star 320 kNor 400 kN with steel nails and fixingplugs, creating a 1x1 m mesh, andposition a bituminous adhesivestrips between the overlapping ofthe two edges. Cover the wall withmatchboarding installed on woodentraverse or with plasterboard slabs.

Wall with Guttabeta® PT

Clean the wall thoroughly and,using a hard-bristle brush, removeas much as possible the

deteriorated parts (flaking plaster,exudation and so on). If necessary,stucco any holes in the walls.Fix the PT profiles to the cornerbetween the wall and the ceilingand to the corner between the walland the floor. Unroll the Guttabeta®PT starting from the top (or viceversa, see fig. 21).Fix the membrane near the ceilingusing JNH40 plugs and fixingbuttons every 30 cm.Unroll the Guttabeta® PTmembrane even further, continuingto rivet it with a 30x30 cm mesh,and being careful to lay it with yourhands so as to avoid folds. Overlapthe next roll by about 20 cm andmake sure the studs match up.Using the same bastard mortar asthe plaster, fix all the plugs thatwere inserted into the wall and lay astrip of plaster-holding adhesive netalong the overlapping sheets. Letthe bastard mortar applied on theplugs harden, then prepare newmortar to apply with a trowel (not byspraying or casting). The flexibilityof Guttabeta® PT does not createany problems when applying theplaster, and the wall stabilizesthanks to the hardening action ofthe same plaster. In order to ensureproper ventilation between thedamaged wall and Guttabeta® PT,use the special PT profiles only,fixed to the ceiling and to the floor.

They will maintain proper ventilationthanks to their openings, and theirprojections will also help to smoothout the plaster. Sheets of plasterboard ormatchboards can be applied to theGuttabeta® PT profile.

Laying instructions

©

25

Guttabeta® PT

Aeration profile PT

Aeration profile PT

24

Vapor barrier in floors caused by humidity of construction materials

Recommended product: Guttabeta® Star 320 kN, 400 kN

The construction of any building requiresthe use of materials that contain largeamounts of water during their installation.Only a portion of this water is releasedprior to completing the building with thelaying of floors and linings. Especially inthe initial building period, one has to dealwith the excessive humidity of the rooms,caused by the release of residualhumidity still present in the constructionmaterials and its absorption by thefinishing materials, which is even moredamaging to the same materials(plasterboard walls, parquet, furniture,etc.). All this is compounded by theinconvenient and unsightly formation ofhumid areas on floors and linings inceramic or natural stone caused by theformation of condensate. Even if limitedto the first few months of building use,such phenomena can leave permanentdamages to many finishings.Consequently, during its completionphase it is important to adopt all thosemeasures, whose cost is irrelevantcompared to the value of the property,which in addition to limiting thephenomena described above alsoguarantee a greater living comfort. Inorder to overcome all theseinconveniences, it is necessary toprovide for a waterproof multiwallseparating layer between the flooringand the slab that allows the creation ofan air cushion.

Laying instructions

Vapor barrier in floors made with wooden slats

Clean the foundation or the concreteslab thoroughly and remove all foreignand movable objects. Unroll theGuttabeta® Star 320 kN or 400 kNmembrane with the studs facing thefoundation (see drawing 26), beingcareful to fold it up along the walls ashigh as the finished floor so that the aircan circulate through the skirting board.The sheet must overlap by at least 10cm, placing a bituminous adhesive stripbetween one edge and the other. Theinsulation layer selected, based on thedesired acoustical feature, can bepositioned on top of the membrane. If theslab being worked on is not on theground floor, a thermal-acousticinsulation such as Guttasilent® N50 (fig.30) must be used; if, on the other hand,the job is being carried out at the groundfloor level, a strictly thermal insulation,such as Guttaclima® can be used (fig.26). In the case of in-between floors,unroll Guttasilent® N50 (closed cellscross-linked polyethylene – see technicalsheet in the acoustic insulation manual)on top of the Guttabeta® membrane,being careful to weld the overlappingedges with hot air and to let the roll go up

©

©

©

28

26

27

Skirting board

with spacers for

air intake in the

air space

Wooden spacers section 12x5 cm

For a total load of 300 Kg/m2

position the spacers at a distance of <50cm

Wooden spacers section 12x5 cm

For a total load of 300 Kg/m2

position the spacers at a distance of <50cm

Wooden or plasterboard

lining


lining


lining

Spacers

Separating layer

Guttabeta® Star 320kN

Separating layer


Separating layer



Flooring

Base course

Slab

Slab

Slab

Insulation

Wall

HORIZONTALWORKS

25

along the side walls to cover theunderlying Guttabeta® Star membrane.For improved stability of the Guttasilent®

on the Guttabeta® Star, the two layerscan be welded together by heating upthe Guttasilent® in spots, thus gluing it tothe underlying Guttabeta® Star. Thenposition the wooden spacers with sectionof 12x5 cm at a distance <50 cm, so asto determine a maximum load resistanceof the overlying wooden floor of 300kg/m2 (see drawing 26-27). After thisphase is complete, lay the parquet. Incase this is to be done on the groundfloor, you can choose to use thermal-acoustic insulation with the samecharacteristics as the Guttaclima®,directly on the Guttabeta®Star 320 kN o400 kN membrane, proceeding with thelaying of the wooden spacers asdescribed above and positioning theinsulation between one spacer and thenext. After this is done, proceed withlaying the parquet (see fig. 26).In some situations, it is not strictlynecessary to interpose insulationbetween the structure and the floor. Inthese cases, then, proceed as describedabove, positioning the wooden spacersdirectly on top of the Guttabeta® Star320 kN or 400 kN, and then laying theparquet on top of the spacers (see fig.27)

Vapor barrier in non-wooden floors

Lay the Guttabeta® membrane asdescribed in the previous chapter for thewooden floor. After laying the membrane,depending on the desired degree ofthermal-acoustic insulation, proceed asfollows:

- Floor without thermal-acousticinsulation: position the electro-weldednet with the appropriate spacers directlyon the Guttabeta® Star 320 kN or 400kN; after that, cast the base course andlay the selected finishing (ceramic,granite, terracotta tiles, linoleum, etc. –See fig. 29)

- Floor with thermal-acoustic insulation:position a double layer of Guttasilent®

N100 (closed-cell cross-linkedpolyethylene) as described in thechapter "Vapor barrier in wooden floors "(page 26). After laying the Guttasilent®

N100. position the electro-welded netwith the suitable spacers, afterwardscasting the base course and laying theselected finishing (ceramics, granite,terracotta tiles, linoleum, etc. (See fig.30-31)

©

©

©

29

30

31

Separating layer

Guttabeta® Star 320 kN o 400 kN

SlabBase course in reinforced concrete

Separating layer


Slab Insulating layer

Guttasilent® N100Base course in reinforced concrete

Skirting board

with spacers for

air intake in the

air space


lining

Spacers

foundation in cement

Separating layer


Guttasilent® N100double layer


Flooring

Base course

Terreno

Terreno

26

Protection of the waterproofing of flat roofings.

Recommended products: Guttabeta® Star 530 kN, Guttabeta T20

Waterproofing of flat roofs is usuallydone using bituminous sheathsarranged on two layers, andsubsequently finished with the floor,the laying of gravel for drainage andcultivation soil for the formation of aroof garden or of flooring in cementblocks resting on plastic discs, etc.During these operations, the layer issometimes subjected to stress thatcan lead to serious damage,resulting either immediately orsubsequently, during the use of thebuilding, in the loss of thewaterproofing function. Repairingsuch damages can turn out to bevery burdensome and complex, as itis difficult to identify the damagedareas that can also show up at alater time. The solution usuallyconsists in the complete removal ofthe finishing laid on top of thewaterproofing, in redoing thewaterproofing and in replacing thecovering. The costs related to suchoperation are by far higher than thecost of the original job. Consequently, it is crucial to ensurethat the waterproofing layer isprotected from collisions anddamages during the jobscompletion phase as well as fromdamages common during theoperating phase, such as thermaldilatations, ultraviolet rays,restricted dilations and small-footprint concentrated loads thatmay determine damages of thelayer in the long run. It is also important, generallyspeaking, but especially in case thelower floor is used as living quartersand therefore needs a non-conducting panel to be laid, toarrange for a vapor barrier capableof eliminating the humidity comingfrom below and prevent waterabsorption by the nonconductingpanel.

©

©

32

33

Protection layer

Guttabeta® Star 530 kN o T20

Protection layer

Guttabeta® Star 530 kN o T20

Wall cover

flashing

Edge fold

protection

flashing

Plaster

Connection

shell

Wall cover

flashing

Connection

shell

Insulating

Insulating

Baseboard

Slab

Slab

Vapor barrier

Guttafol® S160

Vapor barrier

Guttafol® S160

Sloping

layer

Sloping

layer

Gravel ballast

Flooring

Waterproof

membrane

Waterproof

membrane

26

FLATROOFS

27

Start the job by cleaning the slopingbase course thoroughly andeliminating sharp objects.Afterwards unroll the Guttafol®

S160 vapor-control sheet along theentire surface, starting at the pointwith the least slope and beingcareful to overlap the other sheetsby at least 20 cm. Then seal the twoedges with the PRE biadhesivestrips provided with the Guttafol®.The top edge always has to coverthe bottom one in the direction ofthe water flow. After this phase iscomplete, position the insulation, ifany, along the entire surface. Afterthat, proceed with laying thebituminous waterproofing layer,being careful to leave about 20 cmof sheath beyond the level of thefinished floor. Unroll Guttabeta®

Star 530kN by overlapping thelayers as it was done for the layingof the vapor block, in relation to thedirection of the water flow. Overlap the edges by about 20 cmand seal them with a bituminousbiadhesive strip. Just like thebituminous sheath, unrollGuttabeta® Star 530kN so that itfolds over along the edges of theflat roof for the same height. Nowposition the finishing layer, whichmay consist of a cement basecourse and relevant flooring (seefig. 33) or the laying of a simplegravel ballast (see fig. 32).

©

©

35

34

27

Laying instructions

Drainage opening

Drainage opening

Drainage

opening

Sloping layer

Waterproof membraneProtection layer

Guttabeta® Star 530 kN e T20

Roof gardens with (and without) water reservoir.

Recommended product: Guttabeta® T20 garden, Guttabeta® Star drain

Roof gardens With water reservoir

Roof gardens are becoming more andmore popular, both to coverunderground garages without havingto give up a garden, but also to coverportions of residential terraces, etc. Inaddition to satisfying requirements ofan aesthetic nature and the pleasantuse of additional green spaces, thischoice also guarantees the underlyingpremises the advantages resultingfrom high levels of thermo-acousticinsulation, the mitigation of sharptemperature changes and an efficientprotection of the waterproofingsystem. For structural reasons, inmany cases it is not possible to adopta sufficiently large layer of cultivationsoil, consequently this type of gardensuffers from dry spells as the scarceamount of soil cannot accumulatewater, while the excess water iseliminated by the underlying drainage.Consequently, these types of roofgardens need to be watered a littleand very often. In order to avoid thisand to guarantee optimal conditionsfor the survival of the garden, atechnology must be adopted which iscapable of carrying out variousfunctions at the same time: protectionof the sheath, drainage of the excesswater released by the overlying soiland water reservoir, which is thesame as laying a larger layer of soil.The use of Gutta® T20 gardencreates an important water reservoirin the underlying cultivation layer,consisting of the 20-mm high studsarranged at a rate of 400 studs persquare meter. Therefore it becomes afundamental advantage, during thedryer season, to be able to count on awater reserve within the layer thatmakes up the roof garden so as toguarantee a better hydrometric rationof the soil. Moreover, the sheet alsofeatures a set of small holes whichallow the excess water to flow into theunderlying waterproofing layer afterthe water has already filled up thereservoir studs. These small holes arealso important as they allowventilation of the bottom root layerlocated above the air chamber formedby the studs with respect to thewaterproofing layer. The sheets arelight enough to be easily carried to thetop floors of buildings, and theyeliminate the high cost of usingtraditional draining layers in gravel.

28

©

©

36

37

Cultivation

sub-layer

Vegetation


Gutta® T20 garden

Sloping layer

Waterproof

membrane

Water

reservoir

Wall cover

flashingVegetation

Waterproof

membrane

Insulating

Gutta® T20 garden

Cultivation

sub-layer

Protection

flashing

of the flap

Connection

shellSlab

Sloping

layer Guttatex® 400

fabric

FLATROOFS

Laying instructions

When building a roof garden, the firstthing that must be done is to calculatethe inclination needed to allow excesswater to flow, which shall be equal toor greater than 1.5%. In addition, if theoverall surface of the roof garden israther larger, it is advisable to dividedit into sectors, which shall have amaximum surface between 90 and120 square meters (see fig. 34 onpage 27). The number and thearrangement of the flowing surfacesdetermine the quantity of dischargechannels, which always have to be atleast two for each sector in order toavoid possible flows into a channelthat can damage the dischargecapacity of the water. The openingsmust be positioned in the lowest pointof the flowing surface to which theybelong and it must be possible toinspect them. Consequently, a sumpwith removable cover must beprovided around the discharge. Aftercompleting the laying surface, thesloping base course must bewaterproofed with a double layer ofanti-root bituminous sheaths. In thisphase, a layer of insulating materialcan be laid between the base courseand the sheath (see fig. 37). Thewaterproofing has to rise up for about20 cm along the sides, beyond theedge of the finished garden. Afterwards, position the Guttabeta®

T20 sheaths on the entire surface,with the male studs facing downwardand overlapping each sheet by about15-20 cm, folding them up along theside walls to the level of thebituminous sheath applied previously.Cover the Gutta®T20 garden with alayer of Guttatex® 400 grams geo-textile fabric, overlapping the variousstrips by at least 30 cm. The functionof the high-weight fabric isindispensable as a separating andfiltering layer between the HDPEmembrane and the soil for thepurpose of avoiding the clogging ofthe holes that govern the flow ofexcess water. After this phase iscomplete, fill with the cultivation soiland apply the relevant flashings alongthe side walls.

Roof gardens without water reservoir

In case a water reservoir is notnecessary, all considerations listedin the previous paragraph still beingvalid, it is possible to create abottom draining layer using gravelinstead of Guttabeta® Star drain.Guttabeta® Star drain consists of amembrane in extruded HDPE towhich an extremely tough geo-textile fabric in continuous filamentpolypropylene with a weight of 140

g/m2 is applied. Guttabeta® Stardrain features a high mechanicalload resistance (530 kN/m2),excellent draining capacity, a largequantity of air, included between thestuds and the filtering fabric, andlimited weight. The constructionphases of the sloping base course,of the related water flowing surfacesand waterproofing follow the sameinstructions as those provided in theprevious chapter on page 28.

Laying instructions

After completing the waterproofingphase, position Guttabeta® Stardrain by unrolling it on thewaterproofed surfaces byoverlapping the sheets by 10-15cm. Overlapping occurs by

separating the filtering layer, for theentire length of the overlap, from thestuds, matching up the male studswith the female studs byoverlapping them. It is advisable tointerpose a bituminous biadhesivestrip between one edge and theother for improved adherencebetween the two sheets.Guttabeta® Star drain has to followthe bituminous sheath, even on theside walls, until it exceeds the edgeof the finished garden for about 30cm (see fig.38-39). Afterwards,position the cultivation soil on thegeo-textile fabric. Finish the job bypositioning the flashings along theside walls.

29

©

38

39

Slab

Wall cover

flashing

Wall cover

flashing

Vegetation

Vegetation

Waterproof

membrane

Waterproof

membrane


Guttabeta®

Star drain

Cultivation

sub-layer

Cultivation

sub-layer

Protection

flashing

of the flap

Protection

flashing

of the flap

Connection

shell

Connection

shell

Sloping

layer

Sloping

layer

©

Roadways are subject to deteriora-tion of both the wearing course and ofthe entire bearing structure due to theeffect of road traffic. This deteriora-tion occurs because of dilatations,poor soil conditions, water infiltration,concentrated loads, etc. Pressure and sinking of the layers forthe aforementioned reasons translateinto subsidence of the road surfaceand in transversal tensions betweenthe layers, which tends to destabilizethe roadway. Consequently, it isimportant to properly manage thewaters acting on the road surface inorder to prevent their sudden deterio-ration. These waters can also derivefrom capillary phenomena within thesoil, from the flow of rainwater or fromthe presence of underground wateror infiltration. Their containment anddistancing from the bearing structureof the roadway becomes a necessitysince, due to the water action thesmaller particles making up the grad-ing tend to break up and wash away,leaving empty spaces with the rele-vant structural consequences. Thereis another basic reason, in addition tothe ones mentioned above, for beingvery careful to drain the waters, andthat is to prevent ice from forming inthe underground layers. The conse-quences of a freezing substratum arethe swelling of the layers and theplasticizing of the soil.Guttabeta® Star 530 kN acts as aload distributor since it is positionedat the base of the unbound layers,contributing to a reduction of thedeformations caused by an attemptto contrast the lateral dilatation of theunderlying soil. Since the productconsists of waterproof HDPE, it con-tributes to managing the waters asdescribed above. The use ofGuttabeta® Star 530 kN reduces theheight of the various layers that makeup the embankment, thus reducingtheir thickness by 20-25%. This results in savings in terms oflabor and materials, as well as infaster execution times.

Laying instructions

Laying of the road embankmentstarts by compacting the foundationsurface. After that, position theGuttabeta® Star 530 kN with thestuds facing upward along the road-way, then perpendicularly to its axis.Prior to cutting the membrane, takeinto account that it has to be longenough to contain any side channelsfor water discharge. If the underlyingsoil is especially damp or in the pres-ence of a water table, it is advisableto interpose a 10-cm thick layer ofsand between the foundation soil and

Guttabeta® Star 530 kN. The sheetsmust overlap by 15 cm, with a bitumi-nous biadhesive strip between oneside and the other. Afterwards posi-tion the various layers of the roadembankment: sand, quarry run, bitu-minous run and wearing course.

Stabilization of road embankments.

Recommended product: guttabeta® Star 530kN

30

©

©

©

40

41

42

Wearing course

Foundationsoil

Road ballast withquarry run

Road ballast with quarry run

Raceway for watercollection

Raceway for watercollection

Underground raceway

Sand-gravel bituminous conglomerate (bituminous quarry run)


Wearing course

Wearing course


Guttabeta®

Star 530 kN

Guttabeta®

Star 530kN

Guttabeta®

Star 530kN

Guttatex®

fabric

Road ballast withquarry run

ROAD

AND

RAILWAY

CONSTRUCTIO

N

31

Stabilization of railway embankments.


Stability of the ballast and the mixingof materials used to make the sameballast, with the relevant pollutioncaused by the flow between the twolayers of bearing material are usuallythe most common problems in thecase of railway embankments. It iscommon knowledge that the compo-sition of embankments includes thebody of the road, usually made up offilling earth, while the second layerconsists of rubble with a grading dia-meter between 30 and 70 mm. Thesubsidence of the soil carrying capa-city causes the deformation of therailway surface and of the relevantballasts, with the resulting movementand deformation of the sleepers andof the tracks. In addition, the presen-ce of a water table underneath therailway embankment, especially inclayey soils, forms areas in whichwater stagnates, causing problemsduring the passage of trains. In fact,the pressure exercised by themoving train creates a suction effecton the water present, as a result ofwhich soil or parts of clay are carriedinside the ballast. The entrance offine particles of soil and/or clay in theballast reduces its mechanical cha-racteristics, which are crucial for theabsorption of dynamic loads and forthe prevention of negative transver-sal and longitudinal pressure.Guttabeta® Star 530 kN offers excel-lent compression and traction cha-racteristics. Its waterproofing naturemeans that it acts as a separatinglayer that prevents the suction ofwater between the road body of theballast and the underlying soil.

Laying instructions

Laying of the railway embankmentstarts by compacting the foundationsurface.After that, position Guttabeta® Star530 kN with the studs facing upwardalong the length of the railway andthen perpendicular to its axis (seedrawing 43-44). The sheets must beoverlapping by 15 cm, with a bitumi-nous biadhesive strip positioned bet-ween one side and the other. Thenposition the ballasts as usual, alongwith the sleepers and the tracks.

©

©

43

44

Sleepers

Road body

Road ballast

Tracks

Tracks

Road body

Sleepers

Road ballast

Guttabeta®

Star 530 kN

Guttabeta®

Star 530 kN

32

Channels protection and drainage in waterworks.

Recommended product: Guttabeta® Star 530 kN

During the construction of channelsin waterworks, the waterproofingfunction is usually assigned to thethickness of the cement that formsthe basin. But in order to ensure itsfull effectiveness, the grading curvemust be absolutely continuous, thewater/cement ratio must be limitedand the use of additives must becarefully studied. In addition, a goodrecipe is not always enough toguarantee the impermeability of thechannel as there are some variablesto take into account: transporting thecement to the point of use, humanintervention when laying theconglomerate, the methods, layingtimes and ageing of the work,deformation caused by shrinkage,viscosity, thermal dilatations,chemical agents contained in thewater (which represent stress factorsfor the structure), erosion, etc. All these deterioration causes canlead to the creation of cracks or smallfissures that can considerablyreduce the impermeability of thechannel. Therefore, in addition torecommending the utmost attentionduring the design, transport, layingand maintenance of the cement, it isalso advisable to use Guttabeta®Star 530 kN underneath thereinforced concrete layer, as itfeatures a high compressionresistance, intrinsic waterproofing ofthe raw material, which is the HDPE,offering continuity under the castingof reinforced cement. The use ofGuttabeta® Star 530 kN isrecommended for both therestructuring of existing channelsand in the building new works.

Laying instructions

When restructuring damagedchannels, it is necessary to firstclean the bed thoroughly, removingall the deteriorated parts. Afterwards,lay the rolls of Guttabeta® Star 530kN, with the studs facing upward,from one bank to the other,overlapping the sheets by 15 cm andpositioning a bituminous adhesivestrip in between. The sheets must beoverlapped so that each edgeupstream overlaps the onedownstream, thus ensuring themaximum waterproofing possible.Fix the dimpled membrane to theunderlying cement structure bymeans of nylon plugs with a closed

eyelet screw 9 mm in diameter, firstdrilling a hole and forming a mesh100x100 cm in size. The base of theplugs will then be lined with anelastic bituminous sheath. Lay the electro-welded net by fixing itto the eyelets of the plugs, then finishthe job by casting the cement layerand positioning the prefabricatedslabs afterwards (see fig. 45).

When building new channels, laythe Guttabeta® Star 530 kN, alongthe channel trench, being careful tocut the rolls with 70 cm lengthbeyond the maximum width of thechannel so as to be able to fix the

membrane to the bank by means ofiron forks. Position some stonesalong the sides of the bed so that theGuttabeta® Star 530 kN adheres tothe ground. Afterwards, lay theelectro-welded net on the spacers.Cast the channel structure usingsuitable concrete and finish it bypositioning the prefabricated slabs inreinforced cement (see fig. 46).

©

©

46

45

Guttabeta®

Star 530 kN

Guttabeta®

Star 530 kN

Electro-welded net

Electro-welded net

Concrete casting

New concrete casting

Fixing iron forks

Nylon plugs with closed eyelet

Pre-fabricated sheets

Pre-fabricatedsheets

Compact soil after the excavation

Existing concretestructure

WATERWORKS

33

Reinforcement of banks/slopes.

Recommended product: Guttabeta® Star 530 kN

The banks of channels and waterbasins and usually protectedagainst erosion phenomenagenerated by flowing water throughthe use of “cages”, which arebasically square or rectangularshaped containers consisting of anouter steel mesh containing rocksand/or inert material of differentsizes. Prior to being positioned, theunderlying soil is tamped andleveled using inert material. Thewater movement inside the cagesfollows the wave motion and thecurrent. During the descent phase,the water removes the underlyinginert material and the fine soilparticles underneath it. In the longruns, this water motion generatesconsiderable erosion phenomenaunderneath the cages which, albeitadapting to the level of theunderlying soil, modify the originalshape of the channel bank or of thebasin in general. In order to preventthis erosion effect, the use ofGuttabeta® Star 530 kN isrecommended. The dimpledmembrane positioned at the base ofthe cage prevents the water fromflowing downward andconsequently the erosion action ofthe same water on the underlyingsoil. The presence of studs and thehigh resistance featured by themembrane produces a contrastingforce to the transversal deformationof the soil due to the effect of theoverlying load, from which anincrease in the carrying capacity ofthe same soil is derived. Laying themembrane improves thewaterproofing qualities of the bank.

Laying instructions

In order to protect the bank againsterosion through the use ofGuttabeta® Star 530 kN, first of allunroll the membrane along the bankto be covered, taking into accountany steps intended for the laying ofthe cages. In case of banks withoutsuch steps, it is advisable to fixGuttabeta® Star 530 kN at the topby means of iron forks dug into theground. Then position the cagesdirectly on the dimpled membraneand proceed with filling them.

©

©

47

48

Protection materials in cages

Protection materials in cages

Guttabeta®

Star 530kN

Guttabeta®

Star 530kN



34

Drainage of tunnel vaults and tunnels


The tunnels carried out by means ofperforation and the immediate castlining, if any, are intrinsically subjectto water infiltrations that turn out to beharmful due to the erosive effectproduced on the natural all. This cancause the material on the naturalsurface to become detached, towater dripping on the road surfaceand to the short durability of theworks built inside the tunnel. Theeffects of water infiltration from abovecan also be very damaging during theconstruction of works that completethe tunnel, such as the casting of thevaults, the positioning ofwaterproofing materials and so on. Consequently, it is necessary to limitthese phenomena as much aspossible and to convey the watersfiltering from the vaults into theappropriate draining systems, for thepurpose of preventing water fromdripping both on the completionworks and on the operators whileworking, as well as to prevent thewater from coming in contact with thefinishing works when the tunnel is putinto operation. Lining the tunnel vaultimmediately after the constructionoperations of the SEDE withGuttabeta® Star 530 kN protects thefinal cement coat from percolation,helping the structure to let the waterflow along the sides. Draining of thetunnel starts by positioning thedraining pipes along the sides of thetunnel, the purpose of such pipesbeing the collection of percolationwater (see drawing 49).

Laying instructions

Measure the development of thevault and cut the membraneaccording to the calculations, takinginto consideration that theGuttabeta® Star 530 kN ill have to befolded over around the draining tubefor at least 50 cm. Arrange the roll ona movable cart suitable for workingnear the vaults. Unroll the membraneand start to fix it 30 cm above thedraining pipe, making a hole with a 9-mm diameter in the center of thestud. Afterwards, introduce the eyeletplug and repeat the operationcreating a mesh 1x1 m. Continue tolay Guttabeta® Star 530 kNproceeding with the riveting asdescribed above, until reaching theopposite side of the vault, in proximityto the second draining pipe, partiallyfolding the dimpled membranearound the same pipe andpositioning a bituminous adhesivestrip between one sheet and the next.Position the electro-welded net byfixing it to the eyelets of the plugs,then spray the cement to form thevault (see drawings 49 and 50).

©

©

49

50

Guttabeta®

Star 530kN

Guttabeta®

Star 530kNPlugs with closed eyelet

Elastomer rubbertrim/gasket

Existing tunnel

Existing tunnel

New casting of reinforced concrete

New casting of reinforced concrete


Electro-welded net

PASSAGEWAYSAND

TUNNELS

35

Drainage of open-air tunnel vaults Recommended product: guttabeta® Star drain

From a construction point of view, buil-ding tunnels with the subsequent filling isless difficult. In spite of this, it is important to guaran-tee both the impermeability of the vaultby protecting the waterproofing layer andthe drainage of water at its extrados. Infact, after completing the construction ofthe vault with reinforced concrete, water-proofing is entrusted to bituminous orPVC sheaths, covering it afterwards withinert material. This is the most dange-rous phase as the dynamic action of thefilling material could cause lacerations orbreaks in the waterproofing.Despite the thick coat, sometimes it ispossible, due to the reasons mentionedon page 32 regarding the quality ofcements used and the ease with whichcracks are created, to have percolationsinside the passageways, includingthrough the dilatation joints, which speedup the deterioration of the cement andmake the passageway dangerous. Inaddition, drainage entrusted exclusivelyto the inert material on top of the vault isnot always sufficient to guarantee theflow of water towards the collection chan-nels positioned at the foot of the passa-geway. Using Guttabeta® Star offers theadvantage of protecting the underlyingwaterproofing against mechanical phe-nomena which would otherwise have anegative impact on the waterproofed sur-face. In addition, the continuous filamentpolypropylene fabric filters the soil parti-cles in the water, thus maintaining a con-stant drainage chamber between thefabric and the foot of the 7-mm studs ofGuttabeta® Star drain and guaranteeinga high degree of drainage. Moreover, thedimpled membrane will protect thewaterproofing from plant roots that growon tope of the tunnels, which could crea-te openings in the dilatation joints.

Laying instructions

Start by positioning the drainage pipealong the external side of the tunnelsintended for the collection of drainagewater from the structure. Arrange therolls of Guttabeta® Star drain, keeping inmind that, in addition to the metric deve-lopment, you will need to add 50 cm foreach side so that the dimpled membranecan be partially wrapped around the drai-ning pipe located at the sides. PositionGuttabeta® Star drain at the summit ofthe tunnel, then unroll it along the slopingsides up to the draining piping, which willbe partially wrapped by tearing off part ofthe dimpled membrane fabric. After thisphase is complete, lay over the drainingpipe, at a height of 50 cm, a layer of inertmaterial, wrapping it with a layer ofGuttatex® 400 g/m2 geo-textile fabric.

©

51

©

52



Waterproofmembrane

Waterproofmembrane


inert materials


inert materials

Vegetation



Draining material (gravel and mixed)

Draining material (gravel and mixed)

Guttabeta®

Star Drain

Single sheet ofGuttabeta® Star Drain

36

Accessories for dimpled membranes

GUTTABETA PROFILE

BITUMINOUS ADHESIVE STRIP

GUTTABETA PT PROFILE

FIXING ACCESSORIES FOR GUTTABETA

FIXING ACCESSORIES FOR GUTTABETA PT

GUTTABIELASTIC

FIXING ACCESSORIES FOR GUTTABETA DRAIN

Ready-to-use, brown-colored semi-dense paste that

becomes black when dry that features excellent adhesi-

veness and elasticity (more than 800%). It has a first-

rate anchoring power even on vertical surfaces. It is

recommended for waterproofing terraces, balconies,

walls in contact with the soil, repairing old bituminous

membranes, for sealing fireplaces, eaves gutters, etc.

100 nails for fixing the Guttabeta Drain

dimpled membrane

mm 80x6 head ø 53 mm

BITUMINOUS ADHESIVE PLUG

1000 plugs for fixing the Guttabeta dimpled membrane

mm 40x40 head

h 40 mm approx.

Profile in HDPE for Guttabeta dimpled membrane

2 m in size.

Profile in HDPE for Guttabeta PT dimpled membrane

2 m in size.

Bituminous adhesive strip for overlapping,

size cm 4x1000

- 200 steel nails (mm 3,1 x 3,5)

- 200 fixing buttons

for Guttabeta dimpled membrane

- 100 pressure plugs

- 100 fixing buttons

for Guttabeta PT dimpled membrane

Certifications

Process certification Process and product certifications

Product certifications

ISO 9001 Certificate

Compression resistance


Official laboratory

Water tightness (UNI EN 1928) Tear resistance (UNI EN 12310/1) Tensile strength (UNI EN 12311/2)



Official laboratory



Official laboratory

CE markingISO 14001 Certificate

37

38

notes

notes

© 2007 technical manual- Gutta werke S.p.A.Reproduction of any form, either full or partial, is forbidden in any language.The data contained in this manual is merely indicative and is not binding upon gutta werkeSPA in any way and form, and it can change without advance notice.

B manTECbeta ING - Ravago · 8 Guttabeta ®: a range of products designed to solve your problems...

Documents

Transcript of B manTECbeta ING - Ravago · 8 Guttabeta ®: a range of products designed to solve your problems...