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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

The History of The History of 

Public HealthPublic Health

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

Developed as part of anDeveloped as part of anEnhanced AHECEnhanced AHEC

Community Partnership for Community Partnership for 

Health ProfessionsHealth Professions

Workforce and EducationalWorkforce and EducationalReform project funded byReform project funded by

the Health Resource andthe Health Resource and

Service AdministrationService Administration(HRSA)(HRSA)

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

Describe mission, responsibilities and

core functions of public healthsystems

Identify essential services

Identify important historical figures

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

Balancing Ethical ConflictsBalancing Ethical Conflicts

 Public health practice is always

struggling to find the correct balancebetween respect for individual

autonomy and decision-making and

the need for limitations onindividuals in order to achieve social

 justice.

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

Key EventsKey Eventsin thein the

History of Public HealthHistory of Public Health

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

Key EventsKey Events

Did you know that . . .Did you know that . . .

 South Carolina had the first

provincial health officer in America,in 1712?

 South Carolina had its first water 

protection regulations in 1671?

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

Key EventsKey Events

Snow and CholeraSnow and Cholera

 Epidemiology: mapping cases of 

cholera and household use of water sources revealed pattern involving a

single water pump

 Removing the handle from the Broad

Street pump ended the epidemic

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

Death Rates From Cholera 1853Death Rates From Cholera 1853--5454Water 

Company

Population

(1851)

Cholera Deaths

(1853-4)

Deaths per 

100,000 Living

Southwark &Vauxhall

  167,654 192 114

BothCompanies

  301,149 182 60

Lambeth 14,632 0 0

Water 

Company

Number of 

Houses

Deaths From

Cholera

Deaths per 

10,000 HousesSouthwark

& Vauxhall  40,046 1263 315

Lambeth 26,107 98 37Rest of 

London  256,423 1422 59

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

Did you know that . . .Did you know that . . .

 In an 1881 report the SC Board of 

Health identified swamp drainage asan important tool in stopping

malaria, 10 years before the

mosquito was identified as thespecific vector of the disease?

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

Massachusetts and theMassachusetts and the

Shattuck ReportShattuck Report

 Massachusetts and the Shattuck

Report

 1850 review of sanitation practices and

the potential for improving health status

by enforcement of a sanitary code led to

creation of local board of health in

Massachusetts. This movement spread

to other localities.

 SC State Board of Health

 Established in 1898.

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

US Public Health ServiceUS Public Health Service

  Marine Hospital Service

 Created from concern for protectionagainst imported infectious diseases

and need to care for sick seamen

 US Public Health Service

 Uniformed service on call for local,

national or international service in theprotection of the public’s health

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

The MuckrakersThe Muckrakers

and New Agenciesand New Agencies

 Food and Drug Administration

created to administer Pure Food,Drug and Cosmetic Act

 Superfund administered by the

Environmental Protection Agency

 U.S. Department of Agriculture

 Occupational Safety & Health Act

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

Great Public HealthGreat Public Health

Achievements of This CenturyAchievements of This Century

  Vaccination

 Motor vehicle safety

  Safer workplaces

  Control of infectious

diseases

 Decline in deaths

from coronary heartdisease and stroke

 Safer, healthier food

 Healthier mothers and

babies

  Family planning

  Flouridation of drinking water 

 Recognition of tobaccoas a hazard

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A H E C  S O U T H  

C A R O L I N A

Discussion TimeDiscussion Time

 What has been your personal awareness

of public health?

 Have you ever visited a public healthprogram? Used a public health service?

 What are current public health issues in

your community?

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