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Sri Ayyappan , popularly known as Dharma Sastha is the presiding deity at

Sabarimala which is situated in the Western Ghats in Pattanamthitta district of

Kerala.He is believed to be the one who protects us from all the evil propensities

of Kaliyuga. He is an incarnation of Vishnu who assumed the form of an

enchantress, Mohini, and her union with Shiva led to the conception and birth of

Lord Ayyappa. Ayyappa is also known as Ayya, Ayyan, Appan or Kaliyuga Varadan.

Ayyappa is believed to have been born near the Pamba River. Ayyappas

avatar on earth was to annihilate

the demon Mahishi who could be

killed only by a confluence or

coming together of the Vishnu-

Shiva power. In this manner,

Ayyappa is the avatar of the cosmic

forces of Hari and Hara and so is

also known as Hariharaputra. The

day of Ayyappas birth is also known

as Makara Vilakku day, the first day

of Makar, Uttarayanam or Krishna

Paksha under the star Uttram.

Those who are born on thisauspicious day are believed to be divya purushas of 64 kalas, blessed with great

potential and-promise.

Makara Sankranti is celebrated in Kerala at Sabarimala where the Makara

Jyothi is visible followed by the Makara Vilakku celebrations. Makara Sankranti is

the day when the Sun God begins its ascendancy and entry into the Northern

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Hemisphere. It occurs in every

January is an auspicious day for

Hindus. It is also a special time

for devotees of Lord Ayyappa

who undertake the pilgrimage

to Sabari hills where they offer

prayers and converge to

witness a spectacle called

Makara Jyoti or heavenly light.

He is called Sarva Roga Nivarana Dhawantharamurthi or the one who cures all

diseases. Ayyappa is also known as Anna Dana Prabhu and Akhilanda Koti

Brahmandanayakam.

Certain customs are

observed when one undertakes a

pilgrimage to Sabarimala. A

pilgrim attending the Mandala

puja observes austerities for 41

days. During this period pilgrims

abstain from non-vegetarian food

and cardinal pleasures. They set

out in groups with a leader and

each pilgrim carries a cloth

bundle called Erumudikettu, containing traditional offerings.

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Sabarimala temple has no restrictions of caste or creed. Every year during

Makara Vilakku, the golden idol of Ayyappa is decorated with ornaments specially

brought in from the Pandalam Palace where Lord Ayyappa is said to have spent

his childhood.

The easiest route to the temple is via Chalakkayam by which one can reach

the banks of River Pamba. Pamba is the main halting point on the 4-5 km long trek

that takes you to the abode of Ayyappa in Sabarimala. Pilgrims climb the 18

golden steps to reach the Sannidhanam or sanctum sanctorum of the Lord and

witness the divya darshanam.

On the Makara Vilakku day, several significant and reportedly supernatural

events take place, making the event at Sabaramila an incredible experience for

the devotees. During the procession undertaken from Pandalam Palace to the

Sabari hills each year, a Garuda bird hovers in the sky over the bejewelled

caravan.

Once the procession reaches Sabarimala, the Garuda hovers over the flag post

overlooking the sanctum sanctorum. Another event is the occurrence of what

appears to be a bright glittering star in the sky facing the sanctum sanctorum

what is called Makara

Natchathiram.

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THE EIGTEEN HOLY STEPS

Sri Ayyappa Temple has 18 Holy Steps from the ground level to the sanctum

sanctorum where the deity resides. These steps are considered holy because they

are regarded as the extension of sanctum sanctorum.

The number 18 itself has great significance in Hindu philosophy. There are18

chapters in Bhagavad Gita; there are 18 Puranas; there are 18 battle techniques;

Kurukshethra battle lasted for 18 days; Four Vedas, 6 Sutras, 5 Senses and 3

deities add up to 18. There are different interpretations to the significance of the

18 Holy Steps.

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In one interpretation, the first seventeen steps symbolize the seventeen Vasanas

(human traits) and the eighteenth step, symbolizes the last stage of evolution to

the status of a Gnani.(An individual who has achieved the ultimate state of

enlightenment. The bad Vasanas have accumulated for generations and have to

be eradicated by a slow and steady process. The good Vasanas have to be

carefully cultivated. The combination of the elimination of the bad Vasanas and

the development of the good Vasanas enables one to attain the level of a Gnani.

To achieve the level of Gnani, one should have Internal Purification and External

Purification.

Agnana (Ignorance) or Avidya(Illiteracy). In this stage a person is equivalentto an animal. The only way to evolve from this stage is by association with

people better than oneself.

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False Prestige. Every human being is different from the next, and maybeinferior or superior to every other person in one way or another. However

no one should have the opinion that one is superior to anybody else. This is

a bad vasana, which has to be eliminated in the early stages of a person's

evolution, which is why it represents the second step.

Dambh (pride). Elimination of this bad vasana is the next stage, symbolizingthe third step.

Spite. Human beings have a tendency to blame others for any and allmisfortunes and harbor ill will towards others as a result of this

misconception. The sooner a person can get rid of this vasana the better of

he will be.

Crookedness. is the next vasana which has to be overcome. This trait is saidto be developed as a result of one's previous karma (deeds/misdeeds) and

the only way to attain freedom from this vasana is by worshipping God.

Kama(sensuousness) is the next vasana which has to be curbed by

exercising extreme physical and mental discipline.

Kroth(anger) is a bad vasana and to surmount this tendency one shouldworship God and seek His Grace and Guidance. Bhayam(fear or cowardice)

is bad vasana which very difficult to control. Absolute faith in the God

Almighty can help to surmount fear. Shokam(sorrow) is caused by thetendency of human beings to be attached to worldly possessions and the

weak minded are more susceptible to this vasana. Spiritual development

can destroy this vasana.

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Kshama(patience) is a good trait which can be attained only by the Graceof the Lord Almighty and can be sustained by continual worship of the Lord

Almighty.

Daya(kindness), another good vasana. By simply practicing the philosophythat someone else's need is greater than one's own, a person can attain

this good vasana, which is represented by the ninth step.

Shanthi (calmness) is the sister vasana of kshama, which can be achievedby satsanga(company of the good). Janapriathwam(to love all people alike)

is achievable through Agnana yoga(enlightenment).

Akrodham(no anger) is very difficult to achieve and God's Grace can helpone to attain this stage Vairagyam. This vasana has two interpretations. It is

the absence of worldly desires or passions , indifference to the world ,

asceticism, or it could mean sincerity of purposes, in which case a person

would be successful in whatever activity he undertakes. In either case it is

good vasana to have.

Nirlobha, which is the ability to be able to do the right thing at the righttime, to the right degree, without overestimating or underestimating.

Datha(charity) is a trait which should be cultivated to such an extent thatone should be willing to sacrifice one's owns needs to fulfill the needs of

another. Charity should not be exercised as a means to gain name andfame.

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Gnanam(Enlightenment) This

final stage, symbolized by the

eighteenth step, is attained when one is

in tune with Brahma.

The 18 Holy steps are the holy

pathways for the Jeevaatma to reach

the Paramaatma. Jeevaatma has to

cross the 18 virtues to merge with

paramaatma. The Holy steps 1, 2, 3, 4,

and 5 represent the 5 Panjendriams:

(Smell, Hearing, Sight, Taste and

Touch). The Holy steps 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,

12, and 13 represent the 8 Ashtaragas:

Kamam, Krodham, Lobham, Moham,

Madam, Matsaryam, Thanbha and

Asuya. The Holy steps 14, 15 and 16

represent 3 Gunas: Thamas, Rajas and

Satva. The Holy step 17 represents

Vidya and the Holy step 18 represents

Avidya. By observing stringent

vruthams (austerities), the Ayyappa

devotees called Ayyappas and Malikappurams, purify their body, mind and

intellect and achieve the ultimate sanctity to make pilgrimage to Sabarimala

carrying on their head the Irumudi containing the Pooja items, to climb the 18

holy steps and have the Darsan of Lord Ayyappa.

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Thiruvanbharanam procession carries three ornamental boxes.

They are;

1. Thriuvabharanam Petti(Jewel Box),2. The Velli Petti(Silver Article Box) and3. The Kodi Petti (Flags etc Box)

Box 1

Thirumugham Prabha Mandalam Valia Churika Cheria Churika Aana (Elephant) - 2 (miniature

replica)

Kaduva - 1 (miniature replica) Velli Kettia Valampiri Sankh - 1 Conch shell with q right hand spiralSilver covered) Lakshmi Roopam Poothattam (A ceremonial plate for

carrying flowers)

Navarathna Mothiram (Navarathnam ring) Sarapoli Mala - Traditional temple necklace Velakku Mala - Traditional temple necklace Mani Mal - Traditional temple necklace Erukkum Poomala - Traditional temple necklace Kanchambaram

Box 2

Thaila Kudam for Kalasam- Required Pooja utensilsBox 3

Kodi Petti Netti Pattom for the elephant Chattah Idunna Jeevatha Flags of Talapara and Udampara Mezhuvatta Kuda

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AYYAPPA GAYATHRI

Boodha Naathaya Vidmahe Bavaputhraaya Dheemahi

Thanno Saastha Prachodayaath.

Sri Maalikapurathu Amma-SLOKA/PRAYER

Dharma Shashtha Darmapathni Padamichandi

Ya Sada Sa Thvam Thu Dada tha Damsa

Sasthru Bhakthim Samujwala

Dwara Murthis of 18 Holy Steps

Kadutha Swami, Karuppayi Swami and Karuppayi Amma are the devoted guards

of the 18 Holy Steps of the Ayyappa Temple. They stand on both sides of the 18

Holy Steps, Kadutha Swami on the right side of Lord Ayyappa and Karuppayi

Swami and Karuppayi Amma on the left side of Lord Ayyappa. They maintain the

sanctity of the temple surroundings and the 18 Holy Steps that represent the 18

Holy Mountains and also bless the devotees who climb the Holy steps with

Irumudi.

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Routes to Sabarimalai

Erumeli-Route

The Erumeli route, used by Ayyappan Himself during his forest expedition to

kill Mahishi. The Erumeli route is the most arduous and the pilgrims cover

about 61 km on foot through forest and hill track.

Vandiperiyar-Route

The Vandiperiyar route starts at 94.4 km stone on the Kotayam - Kumili

road. The Sannidhanam is about 12.8 km from here.

Chalakayam-Route

The Chalakayam route is the easiest of all. Chalakayam is near Pampa river.

Sannidhanam is just 8 km from here.

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Important places between Erumeli and Sannidhanam by Foot Path:

PERURTHODU

It is a river about 4 km from Erumeli. Lord Ayyappa rested

here during his expedition. It is from here the rise begins.

Giving alms here is important. By giving alms, one is

disposing of all dharma and seeking asylum in Ayyappa. The forest beyond

Perur Thodu is poongavanam (Ayyappan's garden).

KALAKETTI

About 10 km from Perur Thodu is Kalaketti. The legend

says that Lord Shiva, Ayyappa's father, came on his ox

and tied it here and witnessed Lord Ayyappa killing

Mahishi. There is a shrine where the pilgrims light camphor and break

coconuts.

AZHUTHA

Azhutha river, a tributary of Pampa, is about 2 km from

Kalaketti. On the far side of the river is the steep

Azhutha hill, famous for its arduous track. In the ascent

of 2 km of steep climb there is hardly anyone who does

not shed tears.

At the summit of Azhutha is Kallidumkunnu. The pilgrims drop the pebble

taken by them from Azhutha river here. This is done as the mortal remains

of Mahishi was cast off here and filled with stones.

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INCHIPPARAKOTA

The next important place is the Inchipparakota where there is Kotayil

Sastha shrine. Pilgrims offer prayers here and break

coconuts. From here the pilgrims descent the slippery

path carefully. The descent ends at Karimala thodu

(canal) with Azhutha hill on one side and Karimala hill on the other. Pilgrims

rest here for a while.

KARIMALA

Karimala is the abode of elephants which visits the Karimala canal to drink

water. Pilgrims light the aazhi (campfire) to protect

themselves from wild animals and cold weather.

Karimala hill consists of seven levels and is climbed in

stages. As the ascent of 5 km is difficult the pilgrims continuously chant

saranams. On top of Karimala the terrain is flat suitable for the pilgrims to

rest. It is interesting to see the Nazhikkinar - a well within a well with fresh

spring like water. There deities of Karimalanthan, Kochukaduthaswami and

Karimala Bhagawathi. From here after the exhausting descent, Pampa river

is about 5 kms.

PAMBA

Pampa is the most important and holy spot on the way to

Sannidhanam. It is here Lord Ayyappa was found by King

Rajasekara. The Pampa river is as holy as the Ganges. The Pampa water purifies

one from curse and evil.

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SABARI PEETAM

This was the Kota where Shri Sabari, in Sri Rama's era,

performed Tapas. Pilgrims worship here breaking coconuts,

firing crackers and lighting camphor.

SARAMKUTHI

Half way between Sabari Peetam and Sannidhanam is

Saramkuthi. Kanniswamy leave the wooden arrow they picked

from Erumeli here.

PATINETTAMPADI

The holy Patinettampadi (18 steps) is 15 minute walk from

Saramkuthi. The Golden steps is such a magnificent sight.

Pilgrims chant saranams loudly. After breaking the coconut they

climb the 18 steps to have the darshan of Lord Ayyappa.

IMPORTANT ABHISHEKOM / POOJA

NEYYABHISHEKOM

PUSHPABHISHEKOM

PADIPOOJA

UDAYASTHAMANA

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OTHER DIETIES AT SABARIMALA

Sri Kanni Moola Mahaganapathy

Sri Nagaraja Malika Purathamman Dwara Moorthies of 18 Holy steps Vavar Nada

MAIN FESTIVAL OCCASIONS

Mandala Pooja Makara Vilakku & Vishu

Prasadams

The prasadam at Sabarimala temple is Aravana payasam and Appam. These are

prepared by using rice, ghee, sugar etc. The rice needed to prepare prasadam at

Sabarimala is supplied by Chettikulangara Devi Temple, the second largest temple

under Travancore devaswom board situated at Mavelikkara.

Harivarasanam

Harivarasanam is recited before closing the temple door at night. Harivarasanam

song is sung today at Sabarimala as a lullaby at night (Urakkupattu) was

composed by Sri Kambakkudi Kulathur Srinivasa Iyer. It is said that Srinivasa Iyer

used to recite the composition, after the Athazha Puja, standing in front of the

shrine of Ayyappa in the main temple. With the efforts of Swami

Vimochanananda, it came to be accepted as the lullaby by the Thantri and

melshanthi. The composition has 352 letters, 108 words in 32 lines

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Though there have been many versions of this song sung by many

renowned vocalists, the temple plays the rendition by K. J. Yesudas, which is in

the 'Madhyamavati' raga of Indian Karnatic music.

Neyyabhishekam

This significant ritual involves pouring sacred ghee brought by pilgrims in their

Pallikettu or Irumudi (A two compartment bag made of handwoven cotton cloth used to

bear the offerings for Sabarimala Temple by the devotees and carried on their heads)on the

idol of Lord Ayyappa. It symbolically means the merging of Jeevatma with the

Paramatma. While a Saffron coloured Irumudi is used by a pilgrim on his first

journey(Kanni Ayyappan) to Sabarimala, others use black or Navy Blue coloured

Irumudi.

Aham Brahmasmi and Tattvamasi

The important message given at the temple is the ultimate knowledge that each

individual is a God unto himself/herself, Tat Tvam Asi in Sanskrit meaning "That is

you". Due to this pilgrims call each other Swami. Tat Tvam Asi, meaning

"That Thou Art" is the message that is given out by the Lord. It means, in short,

You are part of the Universal Soul (in Sanskrit "Paramatma") which is thequintessence of Advaita philosophy.

It also means for reaching Paramatma or Universal Soul.

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Vavar Nada

Vavar, also known as

Vavarswami was a Muslim

saint who became a devotee of

Lord Ayyappa. There is a shrine

dedicated to Vavarswami at

Sabarimala, as well as

Vavarswamis mosque at Erumeli

next to the Ayyappa temple. The devotion of Vavarswami to Ayyappa and the key

role that the Islamic Masjid has in the Ayyappa Pilgrimage, highlights the

communal harmony in Kerala. The devotion of Vavarswami also highlights the

relevance of Ayyappa devotion for members of all faiths, and the equality shown

to all, whether they are Muslims, Hindus or Christians.

There are many legends about Vavar

and his association with Ayyappa. Some

believe that Vavarswami was a Muslim saint

who migrated from Arabia to India with the

intention of spreading Islam. Others suggestthat he was a warrior who reached the shore

of Kerala as a pirate to loot and plunder.

During his encounter with Lord Ayyappa, he

was defeated and subdued by the Lord.

Since then Vavar became a close associate of

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Lord Ayyappa and helped him in the wars in the mountainous region. As time

passed ,Vavar too became an ardent devotee of Ayyappa just like Kaduthaswami

and came to be known as Vavarswami. The old sword on the wall of the Vavar

shrine symbolises the eminence of Vavar as a great warrior. It is believed that the

Lord Ayyappa himself instructed the King of Pandala Desam to build a mosque for

Vavar at Erumeli in Kottayam District and a shrine at Sabarimala.

Erumeli is the gateway to Sabarimala, the hillock shrine of Lord Ayyappa.

This place is very famous for 'Pettathullal' a kind of mass spiritual dance

performed by Ayyappa devotees. Pettathullal is performed in the Makaravilaku

season i.e. from mid December to mid January every year to commemorate the

annihilation of a 'Mahishi' by Lord Ayyappa.

It is believed that the aim of the incarnation of Lord Ayyppa as son of Siva

and Vishnu was the annihilation of demoness Mahishi.

After killing the Mahishi at Erumely, Ayyappa performed a dance on her

corpse. In order to commemorate this event, the devotees perform the ritual

called pettathullal in Erumeli.

The barefooted devotees perform this dance by wearing black dhotis, and

garnishing their body with different colour powders and flowers and carrying toy

bows, arrows and twigs and chanting the slogan "Ayyappa-thin-thakathom,

Swami-thin-thakathom"

The place name Erumely is believed to have been derived from the word

'Eruma Kolly' which got transformed to Erumely.

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En route the

pilgrimage to Sabarimala

during the makaravilakku

season almost all of the

Ayyappa devotees will

come to Erumely and

perform the ritual.

Pettathullal starts from

the small temple situated

at the heart of Erumely town known as 'Kochambalam". From there the dance

procession advance to the Muslim mosque called 'Vavar palli' opposite to

Kochambalam and the devotees worship 'Vavarswamy'.

Finally the procession ends up at Dharmasastha temple known as

'Valiayambalam.'

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Opening and closing of temple at Sabarimala

OPENING AND CLOSING DAYS OF SABARIMALA TEMPLE 2010OPENING AND CLOSING DAYS OF SABARIMALA TEMPLE 2010OPENING AND CLOSING DAYS OF SABARIMALA TEMPLE 2010OPENING AND CLOSING DAYS OF SABARIMALA TEMPLE 2010----2012012012012222

PoojaPoojaPoojaPooja Opening dateOpening dateOpening dateOpening date Closing DateClosing DateClosing DateClosing Date

Mandala Pooja MaholsavamMandala Pooja MaholsavamMandala Pooja MaholsavamMandala Pooja Maholsavam 16.11.201016.11.201016.11.201016.11.2010 27.12.2010 (Mandala Pooja27.12.2010 (Mandala Pooja27.12.2010 (Mandala Pooja27.12.2010 (Mandala Pooja27.12.2010 Afternoon)27.12.2010 Afternoon)27.12.2010 Afternoon)27.12.2010 Afternoon)

Makaravilaku festivalMakaravilaku festivalMakaravilaku festivalMakaravilaku festival 30.12.201030.12.201030.12.201030.12.2010 20.01.201120.01.201120.01.201120.01.2011

Makaravilakku DayMakaravilakku DayMakaravilakku DayMakaravilakku Day 14.01.201114.01.201114.01.201114.01.2011

MonthlyMonthlyMonthlyMonthly pooja (Kubham)pooja (Kubham)pooja (Kubham)pooja (Kubham) 12.02.201112.02.201112.02.201112.02.2011 17.02.201117.02.201117.02.201117.02.2011

MonthlyMonthlyMonthlyMonthly pooja (Meenam)pooja (Meenam)pooja (Meenam)pooja (Meenam) 14.03.201114.03.201114.03.201114.03.2011 19.03.201119.03.201119.03.201119.03.2011

Kodiyettu UlsavamKodiyettu UlsavamKodiyettu UlsavamKodiyettu Ulsavam 09.03.201109.03.201109.03.201109.03.2011 19.03.201119.03.201119.03.201119.03.2011

KodiyettuKodiyettuKodiyettuKodiyettu 10.03.201110.03.201110.03.201110.03.2011

Painkuni Uthram&ArattuPainkuni Uthram&ArattuPainkuni Uthram&ArattuPainkuni Uthram&Arattu 19.03.201119.03.201119.03.201119.03.2011

Medavishu FestivalMedavishu FestivalMedavishu FestivalMedavishu Festival 10.04.201110.04.201110.04.201110.04.2011 18.04.201118.04.201118.04.201118.04.2011

MedavishuMedavishuMedavishuMedavishu 15.04.201115.04.201115.04.201115.04.2011

Monthly Pooja(Edavam)Monthly Pooja(Edavam)Monthly Pooja(Edavam)Monthly Pooja(Edavam) 14.05.201114.05.201114.05.201114.05.2011 19.05.201119.05.201119.05.201119.05.2011

Idol Installation DayIdol Installation DayIdol Installation DayIdol Installation Day 10.06.201110.06.201110.06.201110.06.2011 11.06.201111.06.201111.06.201111.06.2011

Monthly pooja(Midhunam)Monthly pooja(Midhunam)Monthly pooja(Midhunam)Monthly pooja(Midhunam) 15.06.201115.06.201115.06.201115.06.2011 20.06.201120.06.201120.06.201120.06.2011

Monthly Pooja(karkadakam)Monthly Pooja(karkadakam)Monthly Pooja(karkadakam)Monthly Pooja(karkadakam) 16.07.201116.07.201116.07.201116.07.2011 21.07.201121.07.201121.07.201121.07.2011

Monthly Pooja(chingam)Monthly Pooja(chingam)Monthly Pooja(chingam)Monthly Pooja(chingam) 16.08.201116.08.201116.08.201116.08.2011 21.08.201121.08.201121.08.201121.08.2011

OnamOnamOnamOnam 07.09.201107.09.201107.09.201107.09.2011 11.09.201111.09.201111.09.201111.09.2011

Monthly Pooja(kanni)Monthly Pooja(kanni)Monthly Pooja(kanni)Monthly Pooja(kanni) 16.09.201116.09.201116.09.201116.09.2011 21.09.201121.09.201121.09.201121.09.2011

Monthly Pooja(thulam)Monthly Pooja(thulam)Monthly Pooja(thulam)Monthly Pooja(thulam) 17.10.201117.10.201117.10.201117.10.2011 22.10.201122.10.201122.10.201122.10.2011

Chithira attavisheshamChithira attavisheshamChithira attavisheshamChithira attavishesham 25.10.201125.10.201125.10.201125.10.2011 26.10.201126.10.201126.10.201126.10.2011

MandalapoojaMandalapoojaMandalapoojaMandalapooja 16.11.201116.11.201116.11.201116.11.2011 27.12.201127.12.201127.12.201127.12.2011

MandalapoojaMandalapoojaMandalapoojaMandalapooja 27.12.201127.12.201127.12.201127.12.2011

Makaravikaku FestivalMakaravikaku FestivalMakaravikaku FestivalMakaravikaku Festival 30.12.201130.12.201130.12.201130.12.2011 20.01.201220.01.201220.01.201220.01.2012

makaravilakumakaravilakumakaravilakumakaravilaku 15.01.201215.01.201215.01.201215.01.2012

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LIST OF AYYAPPAN TEMPLES IN INDIA AND ABROAD

INDIAKerala

Tamilnadu

Andhra Pradesh

Karnataka

Mathya Pradesh

Maharastra

Orissa

Panjab

Hariyana

Delhi

Gujarat

Rajasthan

Uttur Pradesh etc

ABROADAustralia

Canada

Dubai

France

Malaysia

Singapore

South Africa

United Kingdom

United States of America etc

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