Axminster 13 - Measuring, Marking & Leveling_p405-p433

8/3/2019 Axminster 13 - Measuring, Marking & Leveling_p405-p433

1/294=O|dh| ogikgh ppp'frakgzth|'jo'xn/ahfzx|kg`

Ahfzx|kg`) Af|nkg` % Ihuhiikg`

LAK 4=8 Ukzo Tf}hTbh Ukzo tf}h pkii ahfzx|h ihg`tb fgd vxkjni{ zbop kgth|gfiahfzx|hahgtz tb|ox`b tbh to} Ukzo pkgdop' Cxzt |xg {ox| tf}h

to hktbh| zkdh pktbkg f |hjhzz fgd tbh|h kt kz> go jfijxiftkog o|

`xhzzpo|n) fgd tbh jihuh| kgth`|fthd zpkg` oxt f|a fgd zthhi

zt{ixz hgflihz tbh xzh| to d|fp |fdkk x} to :a' F tox`b }oi{fakdh

jfzh pktb lifdh iojn ahjbfgkza }|othjtz tbh 65aa lifdh pbkjb

bfz fg fgtk!jo||ozkuh }boz}bfth joftkg` to hgzx|h iog` ikeh'

Fufkiflih hktbh| fz f aht|kj ogi{ tf}h o| `|fdxfthd pktb aa fgd

kgjbhz' Afdh kg

@h|afg{'

Aht|kj/Ka}h|kfi ! :a"6=+ 6:'2= 66'8= 4:86=:

Aht|kj Ogi{ ! :a 6:'2= 66'8= 405:6;

Kgj'uft H r' uft Jo dh

Frakgzth| Fxto Iojn Tf}hTbhzh f|h |x``hd tf}hz kg fg FLZ jfzh pktb f |xllh| |k}/lxa}

}|othjto|' Tbh lifdh kz


2/29

Tbkz 6:aa pkdh)

8=a zthhi tf}h

ehftx|hz fg o}hg zkdhd jfzh

pktb f bfgdih og tbh to} fgd f

}okgt og tbh lottoa eo| fjjx|fth

iojftkog oe tbh ahfzx|hahgt' Tbh

pkgdkg` bfgdih eoidz fpf{ pbhg

got kg xzh'

4=5 O|dh| e|hh}bogh =2== :062


3/29

Sk|jog h:= Ztxd Zhgzo|Tbh ZtxdZhgzo| h:= vxkjni{ fgd hfzki{ iojfthz tbh hd`hz oe

pood fgd ahtfi ztxdz x} to 6;aa dhh}' Kt ehftx|hz fg f||op

zbf}hd Z}otIkth ]okgth| tbft zbkghz f lhfa oe ik`bt ogto tbh

pfii fgd fg fxdko zk`gfi to jihf|i{ kgdkjfth tbh ztxd hd`hz'

Pk|hPf|gkg` dhthjtkog kgdkjfthz tbh }|hzhgjh oe ikuh hihjt|kjfi

pk|kg`' Ktz }kgjb |k} fgd jogtox|hd zbf}h }|oukdh fg hfz{) zhjx|h

boid kg hktbh| bfgd) ft fg{ fg`ih' \hvxk|hz ogh AG65=4/5I\5 ;U

lftth|{'

h:= Ztxd Zhgzo|


4/294=2 O|dh| e|hh}bogh =2== :062


5/294=O|dh| ogikgh ppp'frakgzth|'jo'xn/ahfzx|kg`

\xihz

Lifjn JofthdZtfkgihzzZthhi \xihpktb PbkthAf|nkg`z

Tbh `|fdxftkogz og tbhzh |xihz f|h }|kgthd kg pbkth og f lifjn

lfjn`|oxgd afnkg` tbha uh|{ jihf| fgd hfz{ to |hfd' Ogh hd`h

ehftx|hz ka}h|kfi |fdxftkogz kg 6/:


6/2946= O|dh| e|hh}bogh =2== :062


7/2946O|dh| ogikgh ppp'frakgzth|'jo'xn/ahfzx|kg`

Zvxf|hz

Frakgzth| Hg`kghh|z Zvxf|hzTbhzh `hgh|fi dxt{ zthhi zvxf|hz bfuh bf|dhghd zthhi

lifdhz zhjx|hi{ |kuhthd ogto f zthhi ztojn' Fitbox`b

kgthgdhd }|kaf|ki{ eo| hg`kghh|kg` xzh tbh{ f|h fizo

uh|{ }o}xif| pktb jflkght afnh|z pbo bfuh f ghhd

eo| f zvxf|h pbkjb pkii boid ktz fjjx|fj{ ouh| f iog`

}h|kod oe tkah' Xgiknh joguhgtkogfi cokgh|z zvxf|hz

tbh{ f|h fjjx|fth og lotb tbh kgzkdh fgd oxtzkdh

hd`hz' Tbhk| |hfikztkj }|kjh fgd ood ihuhi oefjjx|fj{ afnh tbha hrjh}tkogfi ufixh eo| aogh{'

Afgxefjtx|hd to LZ;:; |fdh


8/2946< O|dh| e|hh}bogh =2== :062



Joalkgftkog % Jf|}hgth|z Zvxf|hz

Axitkzj|klh ]|oehzzkogfiKgktkfi dhzk`g eo| tbh Axitkzj|klh pfz f }|oekih af|nkg` tooi xzhd

to af|n f ikgh hvxkdkztfgt e|oa f |heh|hgjh zx|efjh' Ft tbkz

}f|tkjxif| tfzn kt kz efzth|) ao|h fjjx|fth fgd uh|zftkih tbfg afg{

zkakif| }|odxjtz' Tbh|h kz f bx`h logxz) kg tbft tbh Axitkzj|klhfizo exgjtkogz fz f joalkgftkog zvxf|h fgd bfz afg{ otbh| xzhz)

ph joxgthd ft ihfzt 62 ahfgkg` kt exii{ ikuhz x} to ktz gfah' Ktz

kdhfii{ zxkthd to tbh t|fdhz}h|zog fgd boah hgtbxzkfzt fiknh' Kt

exgjtkogz fz3 f }f|fiihi zj|klh) joguhr o| jogjfuh zj|klh) joa}fzz)

dh}tb `fx`h) ao|tkjh `fx`h) }ixal lol) uh|tkjfi fgd bo|ksogtfi

ihuhi) ;= fgd 48 zvxf|h) }hgjki zbf|}hgh| fgd


10/29464 O|dh| e|hh}bogh =2== :062



Akt|h Zvxf|hz % Zikdkg` Lhuhiz

Akt|h Zvxf|hz

F |hfii{ lhfxtkexi ikttih 48 akt|h zvxf|h pktb f }|hjkzkog `|oxgd

lod{ aoxgthd ogto f lfzh fgd zhjx|hd pktb tpo joxgth|zxgn

jf} zj|hpz' Tbh ouh|if}}kg` lfzh fiiopz tbh fx`h to lh iojfthd

og tbh hd`h oe tbh po|n pbkizt af|nkg` oxt o| to ztfgd x}|k`bt

og f po|nlhgjb o| zx|efjh }ifth fgd oeeh|hd x} to tbh po|n' Tbh

`fx`h jfg fizo lh xzhd to zht x} f lhuhi jxt og f lfgdzfp)

jk|jxif| zfp o| akt|h zfp' Joahz kg f eofa ikghd poodhg lor'

Lifdh ihg`tb kz 688aa'

688aa 6:';; 66'55 ;===42

Kgj'uft H r' uft J odh

Frakgzth| ]|hjkzkog

Akt|h Zvxf|h

Cozh}b Af|}ihz Akt|h Zvxf|hAfdh to tbh zfah bk`b ztfgdf|d fz tbhk| t|{ zv xf|hz) tbkz Cozh}b

Af|}ihz akt|h zvxf|h aodhi 6;A bfz f z}|kg` zthhi lifdh zhjx|hi{

ekrhd to tbh ztojn pktb zthhi |kuhtz to`htbh| pktb l|fzz dkfaogd

pfzbh|z' Tbh |ozhpood ztojn bfz tpo l|fzz efjhz ektthd to tbh hgd

eo| }|othjtkog' Tbh tooi bfz f


12/29

Ha}k|h Bhfu{ Dxt{ LhuhiF ztfkgihzz zthhi fgd }ifztkj zikdkg` lhuhi pbkjb zboxid f}}hfi to

tbozh pbo ehhi tbft l|fzz fgd |ozhpood f|h }h|bf}z got tbh aoztzxktflih afth|kfiz eo| zkth xzh' Tbh ztojn kz afdh e|oa f bhfu{

dxt{ ifzz ekl|h |hkgeo|jhd aoxidkg`) tbh

zfah tkah pktb f jihf| dkz}if{ fgd loid af|nkg`z kg lotb aht|kj

fgd ka}h|kfi og tbh |xihz' Tbh |xihz f|h afdh e|oa jo||ozkog

|hzkztfgt ztfkgihzz zthhi' Tbh lftth|{ ikeh kz f|oxgd



]|ot|fjto|z

Frakgzth| Dh}tb @fx`h% ]|ot|fjto|

F uh|{ bfgd{ dxfi!}x|}ozh tooi pbkjb jfg lh xzhd hktbh| eo| tbhahfzx|hahgt o| t|fgzeh||kg` oe fg`ihz o|) pktb tbh |fdxfthd |xih

kg tbh |k`bt fg`ih }ozktkog) fz f fx`h eo| ahfzx|kg` tbh dh}tb oe

boihz o| |hjhzzhz' Tbh |xih kz dxfi jfikl|fthd kg aht|kj fgd ka}h|kfi

fgd tbh afrkaxa dh}tb kz 68=aa"5+'

68=aa 4'2= 4'== 2==


14/29462 O|dh| e|hh}bogh =2== :062


15/29


16/294


17/294 tbh|h kz fizo f zafii iojnkg`

zj|hp pktb f zh||fthd ngol> tbft pkii jifa} tbh D\O' Tbh I zbf}hd

}okgth| kz |oxgd to f ekgh hd`h to hgzx|h tbh aozt fjjx|fth

ahfzx|hahgt> kt kz fizo bf|dhghd zo tbft tbh }okgtz jfg lh xzhd

eo| zj|klkg` ikghz ft tbh zht bhk`bt'

68=aa"5+ 4:'8= :5'


18/29

]oi{ @fx`h


19/294


20/294


21/294


22/294


23/294


24/294


25/29

F uh|zftkih ihuhi pktb tpo ukfiz ft ;= to

hfjb otbh|) zht kgto f }ifztkj e|fah' ]h|ehjt

eo| ihuhiikg` bk!ek hvxk}ahgt) |he|k`h|fto|z)

jf|fufgz) aoto| boahz o| afjbkghz fz kt

pkii `kuh f |hfdkg` kg tpo bo|ksogtfi

dk|hjtkogz zkaxitfghoxzi{' Ghft dkfahth| oe ogi{ 48aa"6':/4+)

pktb zj|hp boihz eo| f ao|h }h|afghgt ekrkg`'

4


26/294:= O|dh| e|hh}bogh =2== :062


27/294:O|dh| ogikgh ppp'frakgzth|'jo'xn/ahfzx|kg`

Ifzh| % Ifzh| Ihuhiz

@ha\hd Dk`ktfi Ifzh| IhuhiF 5==aa iog` dk`ktfi ihuhi) lfzhd f|oxgd f bhfu{ `fx`h fiio{

hrt|xzkog pktb f akiihd lottoa zx|efjh fgd }|othjtkuh hgd jf}z'

Ehftx|kg` f axitk!exgjtkog dk`ktfi |hfd!oxt flih to zbop Fg`ih

ahfzx|hahgtz) ]h|jhgtf`h "o| \hiftkuh+ ahfzx|hahgtz fgd

Tfg`hgt ahfzx|hahgtz' Tbh if|`h) hfz{!to!xzh exgjtkog lxttogzf|h |hjhzzhd to }|huhgt fjjkdhgtfi o}h|ftkog o| dfaf`h' Fizo

5==aa 4;':5 46'6: tbkz tkih ifzh| pkii zfuh {ox tkah fgd kg tx|g aogh{' Pktb afrkaxa fjjx|fj{ kt pkii `kuh

{ox hrfjt }ozktkogkg` oe tbh tkihz> bfukg` tpo ifzh| ikghz ft ;= kt pkii fizo }|ochjt f tbk|d ikgh ft 48' Zx}}ikhd pktb f af`ghtkj lfzh fgd

fddktkogfi ahtfi }ifth tbft jfg lh zhjx|hd to f pfii o| eo| xzh pbhg po|nkg` og xghuhg zx|efjhz' F |hd tf|`ht }ifth kz fizo zx}}ikhd

afnkg` f po|nkg` |fg`h oe

ihuhi) joa}|hbhgzkuh kgzt|xjtkogz fgd lftth|khz' 6/4 tb|hfd eo

t|k}od aoxgtkg`' Tbh xgktz ouh|fii zksh kz 662 r 2; r 80aa fgd

phk`bz 48=`'

@II

Kgj'uft H r' uft J


28/294:< O|dh| e|hh}bogh =2== :062

zhjogdz pktb f fjjx|fj{ oe ='Kgj'uft H r' uf t J odh

Lozjb LZ68=T|k}odTbkz |olxzt t|k}od kz exii{

fdcxztflih' Tbh ih`z f|h

thihzjo}kj pktb zhjx|h

iojnkg`) tbh|h kz ekgh

fdcxztahgt xzkg` tbh j|fgn

bfgdih to hrthgd tbh jhgt|fi

joixag fgd hfz{ zio}h fgd|otftkogfi fdcxztahgt) pktb f

po|nkg` bhk`bt oe lhtphhg

8

LZ68= T|k}od 4


29/29

Lxkit eo| tbh jogzt|xjtkog zkth' Pktb f |fg`h oe x} to 4==a) tbkz

ifzh| nkt bfz huh|{tbkg` {ox ghhd to if{ oxt colz iknh eootkg` fgd

eoxgdftkogz' Hfz{ to xgdh|ztfgd pktb f zkg`ih lxttog o}h|ftkogfgd bk`b }|hjkzkog oe ='=2aa/a) kt kz zhie!ihuhiikg` fgd |otfthz ft

f z}hhd oe 5==|}a' Fxtoaftkj zbojn pf|gkg` }|huhgtz ihuhiikg`

h||o|z' Tbh ifzh| bhfd kz }|othjthd l{ f ahtfi jf`h |hzkztkg` d|o}z

oe x} to 6a' Po|nz pktb |hjbf|`hflih lftth|khz ":= box|z+) finfikgh

"8= box|z+ o| @OI @]I :!2=]'

LT 65= T|k}od 86';8 4:'

Axminster 13 - Measuring, Marking & Leveling_p405-p433

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