AVT session 4: Cleaning, Disinfection & Biosecurity

Session 4Cleaning, Disinfection & Biosecurity

Harm KiezebrinkResearch Fellow

Faculty of Veterinary Science Queensland University

© 2014 Applied Veterinary Technologies Europe AB

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Avian Influenza is very easy to transmit…

Unless you decontaminate…


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Poultry workers can be infected very easy…

Some soaps when used with water

Many household detergents / cleaners

Disinfectants and

Chemicals

Unless they deactivate the virus by keeping themselves clean…


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Viruses can be gone with the wind…

Stop all traffic on – to – from the farm Park cars from

responders at least 300 meters away from the farm against the wind direction

Strict entrance control Ban housing of workers

on the premises


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Viruses are masters in escaping…

Red zone - immediately around the IP – Restrict access only to directly responders involved in culling activities

Orange zone – accessing the Red zone – Restrict only to Cleaning & Disinfection staff

Yellow zone – Exclusion zone – No access allowed

Green zone – Restricted area dedicated for administration, registration, staging and storage for the operation

Unless you contain them…


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Avian Influenza is a survivor…

Virus can survive: Up to 4 days at 22oC 35 days at 4oC in poultry manure > 30 days at 0oC in water Several days in carcasses at room

temperature or up to 23 days if refrigerated

… unless it’s destroyed by cleaning & disinfection


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Decontamination

During an avian influenza outbreak, heavy contamination ( environment, people and equipment) occurs during: Physical contact with infected animals and

contaminated materials Culling Carcass disposal Cleaning & Disinfection Handling manure, bedding, and debris from

equipment Transportation

Decontamination is the process of removing, destroying, or reducing the activity of unwanted contaminants such as bacteria, fungus, and viruses

Decontamination of personnel, equipment and materials is necessary to keep the virus from spreading to other locations


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Why decontaminate?

To stop viruses from spreading

To prevent human infections To prevent reintroduction of

infections To maintain biosecurity at

farms and live bird markets To allow for safe

repopulation


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Decontamination in 3 steps

1. Stop virus reproduction

2. Cleaning

3. Disinfection


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Step 1 Reduce the virus load

• Soak bird carcasses directly after culling with disinfectant or soapy water

• Close down the house and wait 24 hours before removal of the carcasses

• Prevent the infection to be transmitted by rodents: begin pest control program


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Step 2Cleaning

• Wet cleaning reduces the risk of aerosolization of virus

• Use a detergent and low pressure washer (if available) and thoroughly soak− Ceilings− Walls− Floors− Nest boxes− Feeders− Fans and other equipment

• Allow 10 minutes for detergent to penetrate and then scrub everything accessible with a scrub brush


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Step 2Cleaning

Clean first before you disinfect: Organic material such as excrement or dirt absorbs disinfectants and makes them less effective

Always work from the top down

Start at the ceilings, then the rafters, then the walls (top to bottom) and finally the floors

Wooden equipment is hard to clean and disinfect


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Always be alert!

Viruses survive well in water

Water can spread viruses through ground water

Rinsing with water is not enough

Both detergents and disinfectants must be used


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Phase 3 Disinfection

Avian influenza virus is killed by: Sunlight Heat Drying Most soaps and

disinfectants; they destroy the envelope and thus kill the virus


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Disinfectants

Chemical Group Examples

Oxidizing agents Hydrogen PeroxideVirkon®

Alcohols Isopropyl, Ethanol

Halogens Betadine (iodine)Sodium hypochlorite

Phenolics LysolTek-Trol

Quaternary Ammonium Roccal, Quatracide

Coal Tar Distillates Cresol and Cresolic Acid

Aldehydes Glutaral, Glutaraldehyde, Formaldehyde


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Phase 3 Disinfecting

Virkon® is the most commonly used disinfection product during outbreak situations To electrical equipment like fans and other

poultry equipment, using a soaked cloth To Spray all areas, including cages, floors, walls

& ceilings, barnyards, and paths Allow the disinfectant to soak for at least 24

hours before rinsing


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VIRKON®How to apply

Virkon ® is usually sold as a pinkish gray or yellowish orange powder

The powder is mixed with water to form a 1 or 2% solution

The color is useful because the color fades with time indicating that the disinfectant needs to be replaced


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PPEPersonal Protection Equipment

N-95 Respirator

Tyvek Coveralls

Shoe Covers Goggles Aprons Gloves


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The use of Lye, Potash and lime water

Use sodium hydroxide (lye) or potassium hydroxide (potash) to turn carcass and other infected organic materials into a sterile aqueous solution

Disinfect village footpaths and roads with calcium hydroxide (lime water) Allow disinfectant to soak in

for at least 30 minutes


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Related risksTransportation

Transmission of the virus has been strongly linked to transporting live birds, contaminated dead birds or litter in vehicles

Bird feces and litter are amongst the biggest dangers for spreading the avian influenza virus: Disinfect cages and crates when

moving birds Be sure to decontaminate all

vehicles and equipment!


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The aftermath

Once the virus has been destroyed, the manure and feed should be removed down to a bare concrete floor.

If the floor is earthen, one inch or more of soil should also be removed.

The manure should be buried at least 5 feet deep.

Manure can also be composted. At least 90 days, depending on

conditions Tightly cover with black

polyethylene sheets to prevent the entry of birds, insects, and rodents


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Recovery

Test the entire infected area and its equipment for the occurrence of infections and repeat the decontamination procedure every 7 days (both cleaning and disinfecting) as long as clinical testing on infections are positive

Sentinel birds may help to determine if disinfection is complete

Repopulation should not occur until the outbreak has been declared eradicated

OIE recommends waiting 21 days after removal of last infected birds


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Biosecurity

Biosecurity practices are followed to prevent the spread of disease, including the creation and implementation of a biosecurity plan.

A biosecurity plan is a set of procedures that are followed during daily operations to prevent the spread of disease at a worksite and should include: Prevention of AI Detection of AI Quarantine of AI infected birds and

materials Control of AI outbreaks

Workers should follow the decontamination plan and cleaning and disinfecting procedures in the site’s biosecurity plan to avoid carrying the AI virus off their worksite.


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Involve the staffBe aware of the signs

Use posters Be sure everyone involved in

handling poultry watches for signs of disease among flock and/or unusual or suspect mortality

Notify the vet If type or number of deaths is

suspicious (over 5%), notify local veterinary authorities

Notify the community While the veterinary authorities

conduct an outbreak investigation in the surrounding area, notify the community of the incident, especially neighbors, (family of) staff members and suppliers


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Biosecurityon commercial poultry facilities

Isolation Keep flocks separate from all other

animals, especially wild birds Remove items that attract wild birds &

pests (standing water, weeds, spilled feed, etc.)

Control pests and predators that may spread disease

Traffic control Signs should be posted at farm entrances

to stop casual visitors from entering the farm

No visitors should enter poultry houses without prior arrangement with the farm manager

No visitors that have visited other chickens that day should be allowed entry

Employees should not be shared between farms


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Farm workersRisks awareness

Actively involve poultry staff

Poultry workers should be trained and supervised in active bio security

Poultry workers should adhere to biosecurity principles such as covering food & water and removing other attractants on the farm to keep wild birds away

Poultry workers who have been in contact with wild birds (hunting) or other animals on life markets should not be in contact with poultry on the farm without cleaning and disinfecting themselves

Authorize one of the poultry workers to create/implement a biosecurity improvement plan


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Farm locationAvoidable risks

Poultry workers should not live in dorms at the farm, the risks are simply too big that they cause infections to enter the farm

Biosecurity is not enforceable in situations where workers live their normal life in and around their dorm: No fruit trees or growing

vegetables No pets like cats and dogs No unnecessary visitors to the

farm No laundry outside the dorm


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Farm locationAvoidable risks

The farm needs to be free from bushes, trees, and wheat. They create locations for birds to rest, nest and feed.

Areas around feed mills become local dining places for wild birds and rodents if spills are not removed

Cranes feed themselves on feed rests and insects in manure, especially around fermentation facilities if not capped clean


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Biosecurity

Task: Identify at least 10 biosecurity infractions in this picture

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Question and Answer

What’s on your mind? 30

© AVT Applied Veterinary Technologies Europe ABAddress details: c/o INTRED, Södra Hamnen 2, 45142 Uddevalla, SwedenOrg.nr: 556792-1944 - Phone: +44 7452 272 358- E-mail: [email protected]

AVT session 4: Cleaning, Disinfection & Biosecurity

Education

Transcript of AVT session 4: Cleaning, Disinfection & Biosecurity