Avian Influenza Surveillance in DKI Jakarta2007 - 2010

IDP Project Closing Meeting - Bogor, 2 November 2011

Presentation Outline

• Introduction• Jakarta Surveillance Activity– Sentinel surveillance in 2007 and 2009-2010– Surveillance of incoming poultry batches in 2008 and

2009-2010• Discussion - implications– Public health– Animal health/disease control– Implications for surveillance

• Conclusions of the total Jakarta surveillance activities

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Introduction

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PCFs

Spent Chickens Broilers

Native Chickens

Male Layer

RestaurantSmall

Slaughtering houses

Catering

Live Bird Market

Sentinel Surveillance

2007 and 2009

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Objective

2007 study• Is HPAI H5N1 virus present in the PCFs

2009 study• Knowing the presence of HPAI H5N1 in PCFs :– Frequency of introduction by incoming poultry

versus persistence of H5N1 virus in PCFs– Origin of H5N1 infected poultry batches

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Measuring virus circulation

• In our study we used sentinel birds to detect circulating H5 AI virus

• What is a sentinel bird:– In our study: layers unvaccinated against AI– Vaccinated against other poultry diseases

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Continuous surveillance during 90 (2007)or 60 d. (2009) Continuous surveillance during 90 (2007)or 60 d. (2009)

PCFs

How did we do it?How did we do it?

Score clinical signs and mortality

BKHI Lab (PCR test)

Daily SurveillanceDaily Surveillance

Place sentinels in PCFsPlace sentinels in PCFs(between bird in PCF)(between bird in PCF)

Results

2007 2009

Nr. of PFC Nr. of PFCs

Total H5 PCR positive (%) Total H5 PCR positive (%)

38 32 (84.2%) 40 31 (77.5%)

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Case definition of positive PCFs: PCFs with one or more sick or dead sentinel that tested positive for H5 by PCR test.

80% of the sentinels died within one week.

Conclusion

• H5 AI virus was detected on the majority of PCFs in Jakarta

• Origin of virus is unknown• Link with public health risk is unknown

Implications on Policies

DKI Jakarta government : • Issued the relocation of PCFs into specialized

areas (Perda no. 4 tahun 2007)

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Surveillance of Incoming Poultry Batches in PCFs, DKI Jakarta

2008 and 2009-2010

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Objectives

• Does HPAI H5N1 virus persist in PCF or is it frequently introduced?

• Can surveillance of incoming poultry batches be used to identify sources of HPAI in the country?

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Reasoning

• This study might contribute to developing control measures aiming at interrupting the AI infection chain in the poultry industry– Type of control measures depends on cause of positivity of

PCFs

• Surveillance of PCFs via incoming poultry– might provide insight in type of circulating virus strains

including those in commercial industry – the occurrence of evolution of virus strains– identification of main sources for virus circulation

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How did we do it?How did we do it?

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PCFsPCFs

Sampling Incoming Sampling Incoming PoultryPoultry

(tracheal swabs )(tracheal swabs )

Environmental Environmental Samples Samples

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Result2008 2009-2010

Nr positive/tot. (%) Nr positive/tot. (%)

(+) Poultry Batch 8/381 (1.38%) 50/1549 (3.2%)

PCFs with (+) batches 3 /12 (25.0%) 12/40 (30.0%)

Result2008 2009-2010

Nr positive/tot. (%) Nr positive/tot. (%)

(+) Environment sample 4/143 (2,8%) 13/157 (8,3%)

PCFs with (+) environment sample

2 /12 (16,7%) 12/40 (30%)

PCR results H5 detection

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Type of birds sampled

Type of Infected Poultry Batches

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Implications on AI SurveillanceSentinel Incoming Transport

Advantage Disadvantage Advantage Disadvantage

Sensitive Don’t know the source

Detailed source information

Relatively expensive

Pin point PCFs at Risk

Need Continues Monitoring

Pin point origin/farm/regi

on at risk

Targeted response if the

result quick enough

Good way to collect Virus

Expensive, need logistic

sustainable

Allow targeted response

Should be based on random sampling

No targeted in response

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Conclusions

• Persistence or introduction via batches:– 2.5% of incoming batches was HPAI H5 positive– No conclusion about the persistence in PCFs

• Surveillance useful for identification AI sources in the country?– Percentage of infected batches differed between

different areas– Virus detected in poultry from all sectors

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Acknowledgement

• Indonesian – Dutch Partnership Program• Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Indonesia• Ministry of Economic affairs, Agriculture and

Innovation, the Netherlands• Provincial Government of DKI Jakarta• Municipal Governments in DKI Jakarta• BKHI Laboratory

THANK YOU

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