AutoCAD' 2000: A ProUemrSolving Approach

Sham Tickoo

Professor Department of Manufacturing Engineering Technologies

And Supervision Purdue University Calumet

Hammond, Indiana

CADCIM Technologies

Schererville, Indiana, 17. S.A.

y Autodesk. Press

Thomson Learning™

Africa • Australia • Canada • Denmark • Japan • Mexico • New Zealand Phillipines • Puerto Rico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States

Table of Contents

Preface Dedication

XV

xvii

Basic AutoCAD Chapter 1: Getting Started Starting AutoCAD

Starting a Drawing Invoking Commands in AutoCAD AutoCAD Dialog Boxes Drawing Lines in AutoCAD Coordinate Systems Erasing Objects Canceling and Undoing a Command Creating Selection Sets MO VE Command Drawing Circles Basic Display Commands Creating Text Plotting Drawings Saving Your Work Opening an Existing File Starting a New Drawing Quitting a Drawing Save Drawing As Dialog Box Select File Dialog Box Automatic Timed Save Creation of Backup Files Options Dialog Box Command Line Recall and Editing AutoCAD's Help Additional Help Resources

Chapter 2: Draw Commands Drawing Ares Drawing Rectangles Drawing Ellipses

1-1 1-2 1-4 1-8 1-8 1-12 1-21 1-22 1-22 1-24 1-25 1-30 1-32 1-32 1-36 1-37 1-38 1-38 1-39 1-41 1-43 1-43 1-43 1-46 1-46 1-49

2-1 2-12 2-15

AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach tu

Drawing Regulär Polygons Drawing Traces Drawing Polylines Drawing Doughnuts Drawing Points

Chapter 3: Drawing Aids Setting Units LIMITS Command Layers Layer Properties Manager Dialog Box Drafting Settings Dialog Box Status Line Object Snaps Running Object Snap Mode Function and Control Keys Using AutoTracking Global and Current Linetype Scaling LTSCALE Factor for Plotting

Chapter 4: Editing Comman« Creating a Selection Set Editing Commands COPY Command COPYBASE Command* PASTEBLOCK Command* PASTEORIG Command OFFSET Command ROTATE Command SCALE Command FILLET Command CHAMFER Command TRIM Command EXTEND Command STRETCH Command LENGTHEN Command ARRAY Command MIRROR Command BREAK Command MEASURE Command DIVIDE Command Matching Properties PROPERTIES Command QSELECT Command

2-21 2-24 2-26 2-33 2-35

3-1 3-10 3-14 3-16 3-26 3-32 3-34 3-47 3-49 3-49 3-51 3-52

4-1 4-7 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-9 4-9 4-11 4-12 4-14 4-17 4-21 4-23 4-26 4-27 4-29 4-33 4-34 4-36 4-37 4-38 4-40 4-41

iv AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach

tapfer 5: Controlling Drawing Display and Creating Te Basic Display Options 5-1 REDRAW Command 5-2 REGEN Command 5-3 ZOOM Command 5-3 PAN Realtime Command 5-11 Creating Views 5-12 AerialView 5-15 Creating Text 5-16 TEXT and DTEXT Command 5-17 Drawing Special Characters 5-23 Creating Paragraph Text (MTEXT Command) 5-24 Editing Text 5-31 Substituting Fonts 5-32 Specifying an Alternate Default Font 5-33 STYLE Command 5-34 Determining Text Height 5-35 Checking Spelling 5-36 Formatting Paragraph Text 5-37 Text Quality and Text Fill 5-38 Finding and Replacing Text 5-39

Chapter 6: Basic Dimensioning Need for Dimensioning 6-1 Dimensioning in AutoCAD 6-2 Fundamental Dimensioning Terms 6-2 Associative Dimensions 6-6 Definition Points 6-7 Selecting Dimensioning Commands 6-8 Quick Dimensioning (QDIM Command)* 6-10 Linear Dimensioning 6-11 Aligned Dimensioning 6-14 Rotated Dimensioning 6-16 Baseline Dimensioning 6-16 Continue Dimensioning 6-17 Angular Dimensioning 6-19 Diameter Dimensioning 6-22 Radius Dimensioning 6-23 Generating Center Marks and Centerlines 6-24 Ordinate Dimensioning 6-25 Drawing Leaders 6-27

Chapter 7: Editing Dintensioi Editing Dimensions 7-1 Editing Dimensions (DIMEDIT Command) 7-4 Editing Dimension Text (DIMTEDIT Command) 7-7

AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach v

Updating Dimensions Editing Dimensions with GRIPS Editing Dimensions Using the PROPERTIES Command* Object Properties Window (Dimension) Object Properties Window (Leader) Model Space and Paper Space Dimensioning

7-9 7-10 7-10 7-10 7-12 7-14

Chapter 8: Dimension Styles and Dimensioning System Variables Using Styles and Variables to Control Dimensions 8-1 Creating and Restoring Dimension Styles 8-2 New Dimension Style Dialog Box* 8-4 Controlling Dimension Text Format 8-12 Fitting Dimension Text and Arrowheads 8-17 Formarting Primary Dimension Units 8-21 Formatting Alternate Dimension Units 8-27 Other Dimensioning Variables 8-33 Dimension Style Families 8-35 Using Dimension Style Overrides 8-38 Comparing and Listing Dimension Styles 8-40 Using Externally Referenced Dimension Styles 8-42

Chapter 9: Geometrie Dimensioning and Tolerancing Importance of Geometrie Dimensioning and Tolerancing Geometrie Characteristics and Symbols Geometrie Tolerancing Complex Feature Control Frames Using Feature Control Frames with the Leader Command

9-1 9-2 9-3 9-6

Chapter 10: Editing wi Editing with GRIPS Adjusting Grip Settings Stretching Objects with Grips Moving Objects with Grips Rotating Objects with Grips Scaling Objects with Grips Mirroring Objects with Grips Changing Properties using Grips Loading Hyperlinks Editing Gripped Objects Grip System Variables

Chapter 1 1 : Hatching Hatching The BHATCH Command Boundary Hatch Options Ray Casting Options Hatching around Text, Traces, Attributes, Shapes, and Solids

10-1 10-2 10-4 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-11 10-12 10-12 10-12 10-13

11-1 11-3 11-5 11-14 11-16

vi AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach

Editing Associative Hatch Pattems (HATCHEDIT Command) Using PROPERTIES Command* Editing Hatch Boundary Hatching Blocks and Xref Drawings Pattern Alignment During Hatching The BOUNDARY Command Other Features of Hatching Hatching by Using the HATCH Command

Chapter 12: Blocks The Concept of Blocks Formation of Blocks Converting Objects into a Block Inserting Blocks INSERT Command -INSERT Command Presetting the Rotation, Angle, and Scale Factors Using AutoCAD DesignCenter to Insert Blocks* Layers, Colors, Linetypes and Lineweights for Blocks Nestingof Blocks Inserting Multiple Blocks (MINSERT Command) Creating Drawing Files (WBLOCK Command) Using the -WBLOCK Command Defining the Insertion Base Point (BASE Command) Editing Blocks Renaming Blocks Deleting Unused Blocks

11-16 11-18 11-19 11-19 11-19 11-21 11-23 11-23

12-1 12-3 12-4 12-7 12-8 12-11 12-13 12-16 12-16 12-18 12-19 12-22 12-24 12-27 12-27 12-30 12-31

Advanced AutoCAD Chapter 13: Defining Block Attributes

Attributes Defining Attributes (ATTDEF Command) Editing Attribute Tags Inserting Blocks with Attributes Extracting Attributes (ATTEXT Command) Controlling Attribute Visibility (ATTDISP Command) Editing Attributes (ATTEDIT Command) Inserting Text Files in the Drawing

Chapter 14: External Referenci External References Dependent Symbols XREF Command The Overlay Option XATTACH Command

13-1 13-2 13-7 13-8 13-11 13-17 13-18 13-28

14-1 14-2 14-3 14-11 14-14

AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach vii

Adding Dependent Symbols to a Drawing (XBIND Command) 14-15 Clipping Extemal References (XCLIP Command) 14-17 Demand Loading 14-18 Editing References in Place (REFEDIT Command)* 14-20

Chapter 15: Plotting Drawings and Draw Commands Plotting Drawings in AutoCAD 15-1 PLOTTERMANAGER Command* 15-9 PAGESETUP Command* 15-11 PSETUPIN Command* 15-13 PCINWIZARD Command* 15-14 Using Plot Styles* 15-14 STYLESMANAGER Command* 15-14 PLOTSTYLE Command* 15-16 Batch Plotting 15-18 Creating Multilines 15-20 Defming Multiline Style (MLSTYLE Command) 15-21 Drawing Multilines (MLINE Command) 15-24 Editing Multilines (Using GRIPS) 15-25 Editing Multilines (Using the MLEDIT Command) 15-26 -MLEDIT Command 15-29 System Variables for MLINE 15-30 Drawing Construction Lines (XLINE and RAY Commands) 15-31 Creating NURBS 15-33 Editing Splines (SPLINEDIT Command) 15-35 Sketching in AutoCAD (SKETCH Command) 15-37 Digitizing Drawings 15-39 TABLET Command 15-40

Chapter 16: Object Grouping and Editing Commands Object Grouping (GROUP Command) 16-1 Selecting Groups 16-6 Cycling through Groups 16-6 Changing Properties and Points of an Object (CHANGE Command) 16-7 PROPERTIES Command* 16-10 EXPLODE Command 16-12 Polyline Editing (Using the PEDIT Command) 16-13 Undoing Commands (UNDO Command) 16-28 REDO Command 16-32 Renaming Named Objects (RENAME Command) 16-32 Removing Unused Named Objects (PURGE Command) 16-33 Object Selection Modes 16-34 Changing Display Order (DRAWORDER Command) 16-37 Managing Content (Using the AutoCAD DesignCenter)* 16-39

viii AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach

;hange, and Object Linkin er 17: Inquiry Cemmands, and Embedding

Making Inquiries about a Drawing (INQUIRY Commands) Checking Time-Related Information (TIME Command) Obtaining Drawing Status Information (STATUS Command) Data Exchange in AutoCAD DXF File Format (Data Interchange File) Data Interchange Through Raster Files Raster Images Editing Raster Image Files Postscript Files Object Linking and Embedding

Chapter 18; Technical Drawing with ÄutoCAl Multiview Drawings Understanding X, Y, Z Axes Orthographie Projections Positioning Orthographie Views Dimensioning Sectional Views Auxiliary Views Detail Drawing, Assembly Drawing, and Bill of Materials

Chapter 19: Isometr ic Drawing Isometric Drawings Isometric Projections Isometric Axes and Planes Setting the Isometric Grid and Snap Drawing Isometric Circles Dimensioning Isometric Objects Isometric Text

Chapter 20: User Coordinate System The World Coordinate System (WCS) UCSICON Command The User Coordinate System (UCS) UCS Command Managing UCS through Dialog Box (UCSMAN Command) Setting UCS to Preset Orthographie UCSs using the Orthographie Tab System Variables

Chapter 2 1 : Drawing Predefined 3D Objects« Viewing and 3D Objects, and Drawing 3D Surfaces

3D Drawings Drawing Predefined 3D Objects 3D Surface Meshes Viewing Objects in 3D Space

17-1 17-9 17-11 17-13 17-13 17-18 17-21 17-25 17-28 17-34

18-1 18-2 18-2 18-6 18-10 18-21 18-31 18-36

19-1 19-2 19-2 19-3 19-8 19-9 19-10

20-1 20-1 20-3 20-7 20-18 20-20 20-22

Editing

21-1 21-2 21-2 21-11

AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach ix

Setting Plan Views (PLAN Command) 21-17 Creating Surfaces 21-18 3DMESH Command 21 -22 PFACE Command 21-24 3DFACE Command 21 -26 Drawing 3D Polylines (3DPOLY Command) 21-28 Creating Arrays in 3D Space (3DARRAY Command) 21-29 Mirroring 3D Objects (MIRROR3D Command) 21-32 Rotating 3D Objects (ROTATE3D Command) 21-36 Aligning 3D Objects (ALIGN Command) 21 -40 TRIM, EXTEND, and FILLET Commands in 3D 21 -42 HIDE Command 21-42 Cylindrical Coordinate System 21-43 Spherical Coordinate System 21-43

Chapter 22: Model Space Viewports, Paper Space Viewports, Layouts and Dynamic Viewing of 3D Objects

Model Space Viewports 22-1 Displaying Viewports as Tiled Areas (VPORTS Command) 22-2 Obtaining Plan Views Automatically (UCSFOLLOW System Variable) 22-7 Working with Floating Viewports (VPORTS Command) 22-7 -VPORTS Command 22-8 MVIE W Command 22-15 VPCLIP Command* 22-16 Model Space and Paper Space 22-16 Manipulating the Visibility of Viewport Layers (VPLAYER Command) 22-17 Paper Space Linetype Scaling (PSLTSCALE Command) 22-21 Creating and Working with Layouts (LAYOUT Command)* 22-22 PAGESETUP Command* 22-24 LAYOUTWIZARD Command* 22-24 Dynamic Viewing of 3D Objects (DVIEW Command) 22-27 3DORBIT Command* 22-43 CAMERA Command* 22-44 3DZOOM Command* 22-45 3DPAN Command* 22-45 3DDISTANCE Command* 22-45 3DSWIVEL Command* 22-45 Visual Aids in 3DORBIT Command* 22-46 3DCORBIT Command* 22-46 3DCLIP Command* 22-46

Chapter 23: Solid Modeling What is Solid Modeling? 23-1 Predefined Solid Primitives 23-2 Constructing a Region 23-5 Constructing a Composite Solid 23-10 Other Solids Commands 23-19

x AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach

SOLIDEDITCommand* SOLVIEW Command SOLDRAW Command SOLPROF Command ACISIN (Importing an ACIS File) ACISOUT (Exporting AutoCAD Solid Objects to an ACIS File) STLOUT (Storing a Solid in an ASCII or Binary File) Creating Shaded Images

Chapter 24: Rendering Rendering Loading and Unloading AutoCAD Render Elementary Rendering Selecting Different Properties for Rendering AutoCAD Render Light Source Inserting and Modifying Lights Defming and Rendering a Scene Obtaining Rendering Information Attaching Materials Detaching Materials Changing the Parameters of a Material Defming New Materials Exporting a Material from Drawing to the Library of Materials Saving a Rendering Replaying a Rendered Image

er 25: Geometry Calcul Geometry Calculator Real, Integer, and Vector Expressions Numeric Functions Using Snap Modes Obtaining the Radius of an Object Locating a Point on a Line Obtaining an Angle Locating the Intersection Point Applications of the Geometry Calculator Using AutoLISP Variables Filtering X, Y, and Z Coordinates Converting Units Additional Functions

23-20 23-30 23-32 23-34 23-35 23-36 23-37 23-39

24-1 24-2 24-3 24-5 24-9 24-11 24-15 24-18 24-19 24-22 24-23 24-24 24-25 24-25 24-27

25-1 25-1 25-3 25-3 25-4 25-5 25-7 25-8 25-9 25-12 25-13 25-14 25-14

Understanding Databases AutoCAD Database Connectivity Database Configuration DBCONNECT Manager* Viewing and Editing Table Data from AutoCAD

26-1 26-3 26-3 26-4 26-6

AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach xi

Creating Links with Graphical Objects 26-8 Creating Labels* 26-11 AutoCAD SQL Environment (ASE) 26-15 AutoCAD Query Editor* 26-16 Forming Selection Sets Using Link Select* 26-20 Conversion of ASE Links to AutoCAD 2000 Format 26-22

Chapter 27: AutoCAD on Internel Introduction 27-1

Changes from AutoCAD Release 14 27-2 Changed Internet Commands 27-3 Understanding URLs 27-4 Launching a Web Browser 27-5 Changing Default Web Site 27-5 Drawing on the Internet 27-6 Opening Drawing from the Internet 27-6 Inserting a Block from the Internet 27-11 Accessing Other files on the Internet 27-11 Saving the Drawing to the Internet 27-12 Using Hyperlinks with AutoCAD 27-12 Hyperlinks Inside AutoCAD 27-14 Attaching Hyperlinks 27-14 Pasting as Hyperlinks 27-20 Highlighting Objects with URLs 27-21 Editing Hyperlinks 27-22 Removing Hyperlinks 27-22 Hyperlinks Outside AutoCAD 27-22

The Drawing Web Format 27-23 Other DWF Viewing Options 27-23 Viewing DWG Files 27-23 Creating a DWF File 27-24 Viewing DWF Files 27-27 DWG Plug-in Commands 27-28 Drag and Drop from Browser to Drawing 27-31 Embedding a DWF File 27-32

Customizing AutoCAD Chapter 28: Template Drawings

Creating Template Drawings 28-1 The Standard Template Drawings 28-2 Loading a Template Drawing 28-5 Customizing Drawings with Layers and Dimensioning Specifications 28-6 Customizing Drawings According to Plot Size and Drawing Scale 28-11

xi i AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach

What are Script Files? 29-1 SCRIPT Command 29-4 RSCRIPTCommand 29-9 DELAY Command 29-9 RESUME Command 29-10 Command Line Switches 29-10 Invoking a Script File When Loading AutoCAD 29-11 What Is a Slide Show? 29-15 What are Slides? 29-15 MSLIDE Command 29-16 VSLIDE Command 29-17 Preloading Slides 29-19 Slide Shows with Render Images 29-21

Chapter 30: Creating Linetypes and Hatch Patterns Standard Linetypes 30-1 Linetype Definition 30-2 Elements of Linetype Specification 30-3 Creating Linetypes 30-3 Creating Linetype Files 30-8 Alignment Specification 30-8 Ltscale Command 30-9 Complex Linetypes 30-8 LTSCALE Factor for Plotting 30-11 Hatch Pattern Definition 30-15 Alternate Linetypes 30-12 Modifying Linetypes 30-13 Current Linetype Scaling 30-16 Complex Linetypes 30-17 Hatch Pattern Definition 30-24 How Hatch Works 30-26 Simple Hatch Pattern 30-27 Effect of Angle and Scale Factor on Hatch 30-28 Hatch Pattern with Dashes and Dots 30-29 Hatch with Multiple Descriptors 30-31 Saving Hatch Patterns in a Separate File 30-35 Custom Hatch Pattern File 30-36

Chapter .31: Customizing the ACAD.PGP File What is the ACAD.PGP File? 31-1 Sections of the ACAD.PGP File 31 -7 REiNIT Command 31-10

AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach xii i

fhapter 32: Pull-down, Shortcut, and Partial Menüs and Customizing Toolbars

AutoCAD Menü Standard Menüs Writing a Menü Loading Menüs Restrictions Cascading Submenus in Menüs Shortcut and Context Menüs Submenus Loading Menüs Partial Menüs Accelerator Keys Toolbars Menu-Specific Help Customizing the Toolbars

Chapter 33: Tablet Standard Tablet Menü Advantages of a Tablet Menü Customizing a Tablet Menü Writing a Tablet Menü Tablet Configuration Loading Menüs Tablet Menüs with Different Block Sizes Assigning Commands to a Tablet Automatic Menü Swapping

Chapter 34: Image Tile, Button, and Auxiliary Menüs Image Tile Menüs Submenus Writing an Image Tile Menü Slides for Image Tile Menüs Loading Menüs Restrictions Image Tile Menü Item Labels Button Menüs Auxiliary Menüs Writing Button and Auxiliary Menüs

Chapter 35: Screen Menüs Screen Menü Loading Menüs Submenus Multiple Submenus Automatic Menü Swapping Menuecho System Variable

32-1 32-2 32-3 32-10 32-11 32-12 32-18 32-21 32-23 32-27 32-31 32-27 32-37 32-37

33-2 33-2 33-3 33-4 33-6 33-7 33-8 33-12 33-13

34-1 34-2 34-3 34-8 34-9 34-10 34-10 34-12 34-12 34-12

35-1 35-5 35-7 35-15 35-22 35-22

x iv AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach

Menüs for Foreign Languages

Chapf er 36: AutoLISP About AutoLISP Mathematical Operations Incremented, Decremented, and Absolute Numbers Trigonometrie Functions Relational Statements defun, setq, getpoint, and Command Functions Loading an AutoLISP Program getcorner, getdist, and setvar Functions list Function car, edr, and cadr Functions graphscr, textscr, princ, and terpri Functions getangle and getorient Functions getint, getreal, getstring, and getvar Functions polar and sqrt Functions itoa, rtos, strease, and prompt funetions Flowcharts

'v -. Conditional Functions

Chapter 37: Visual LISP Visual LISP Overview of Visual LISP Starting Visual LISP Using Visual LISP Text Editor Visual LISP Console Using Visual LISP Text Editor Visual LISP Formatter Debugging the Program

Chapter 38: DIESEL: DIESEL Status Line MODEMACRO System Variable Customizing the Status Line Macro Expressions Using DIESEL Using AutoLISP with MODEMACRO Diesel Expressions in Menüs

Appendices Appendix A: System Requirements and AutoCAD Installation Appendix B: Express Tools

35-23

36-1 36-2 36-4 36-4 36-6 36-8 36-13 36-16 36-19 36-19 36-21 36-25 36-27 36-29 36-32 36-37 36-37

37-1 37-2 37-2 37-3 37-6 37-9 37-12 37-13

38-1 38-1 38-3 38-3 38-4 38-6 38-8

A-l B-l

Index

AutoCAD 2000: A Problem Solving Approach xv