Author: Dow Chang 202-366-4128 dow.chang@dot
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Transcript of Author: Dow Chang 202-366-4128 dow.chang@dot
Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 1
Author:Author:Dow ChangDow Chang
[email protected]@dot.gov
NHTSA Technical Report BriefingNHTSA Technical Report Briefing
““National Pedestrian Crash National Pedestrian Crash
ReportReport””
NHTSA Technical Report BriefingNHTSA Technical Report Briefing
““National Pedestrian Crash National Pedestrian Crash
ReportReport””
Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008
NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics & Analysis 2
PurposePurposePurposePurpose
• Trend in Pedestrian Crashes
• Crash Location
• Crash Time
• Pedestrian Factors
• Vehicle Driver Factors
• Other Crash Factors, such as light condition, weather, …
Pedestrian Crash Briefing Aug 2008
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Data SourcesData SourcesData SourcesData Sources
Crash Data Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)
1997-2005 Final Files and 2006 Annual Report File General Estimates System (GES) of National
Automotive Sampling System (NASS) 1997-2006 Files
Exposure Data Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
Federal Highway Administration Population
Census Bureau Walking Miles Traveled (WMT)
o Bureau of Transportation Statistics, US DOT
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Crash TrendCrash TrendCrash TrendCrash Trend
Source: FARS and GES
5,321 5,2284,939 4,763 4,901 4,851 4,774 4,675
4,892 4,784
67,53770,421
74,82876,49976,709
84,62385,08892,71976,337
85,010
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Year
Number
Pedestrian Crash Death Pedestrian Crash
Ped Fatalities and Ped Crashes by Year
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Crash TrendCrash TrendCrash TrendCrash Trend
Source: FARS
13 13
12
11
12
11 11 11 11 11
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
%
Percentage of Ped Fatalities by Year
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Crash TrendCrash TrendCrash TrendCrash Trend
Ped Fatality Probability and Crash Probability by Year
Source: FARS and GES
6.36.8 6.3 6.2 6.2
6.9 7.1
1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1
5.85.65.3
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Year
% Fatality Probability Crash Probability
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Crash TrendCrash TrendCrash TrendCrash Trend
Ped Fatality Rate per One Billion VMT by Year
Source: FARS and FHWA Highway Statistics
1.99
1.841.75
1.641.59
1.73
1.581.65
1.70
2.08
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Year
Pedestrian death per 1 billion VMT
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Crash TrendCrash TrendCrash TrendCrash Trend
Source: FARS
Ped Killed by Crash Type and Year
4,876 4,8014,516 4,340 4,480 4,445 4,310 4,237 4,445 4,327
445 427 423 423 421 406 464 438 447 457
92% 92%91% 91% 91% 92% 90% 91% 91% 91%
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Year
Pede
stria
n Fa
talit
ies
Single Vehicle Crash Multiple Vehicle Crash
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Crash LocationCrash LocationCrash LocationCrash Location
Source: FARS
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Ped Location
The % Distribution of 10-Yr Total Ped Deaths Section
Crosswalk Availability Roadway Crosswalk Other Total
Available 21% 9% 0% 30%
Not Available 42% 0% 6% 48%
Unknown 17% 0% 5% 22%
Total 80% 9% 11% 100% Source: FARS 1997-2005 (Final), 2006 (ARF)
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Crash LocationCrash LocationCrash LocationCrash Location
Source: FARS
• Over three-fourths (78%) of the pedestrians were killed at non-intersections.
• Two-thirds of pedestrian fatalities (67%) were in city street.
• Only 13% of U.S. cities or towns (5,658)
accounted for those pedestrian fatalities in city street. (total cities: 42,500)
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Crash LocationCrash LocationCrash LocationCrash Location
Source: FARS
Distribution of Cities by Number of Ped Killed
10-99 Killed
9%
Over 99
1%
1 Killed
47%
2-9 Killed
43%
City Group Number* %
1 Killed 2,692 472-9 Killed 2,424 4310-99 498 9100-199 30 0.6200-499 9 0.2500-999 4 0.1Over 1000 1 0.0Total 5,658 100
* The number is the total of 10-year period (1997-2006).
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Crash LocationCrash LocationCrash LocationCrash Location
Source: FARS
Top 5 Cities With the Highest Ped Fatalities
City Name Rank* % Number of Fatalities (‘97-‘06)
New York, NY 1 3.5 1,743
Los Angeles, CA 2 2.0 986
Chicago, IL 3 1.4 687
Phoenix, AZ 4 1.1 540
Houston, TX 5 1.0 514
Source: FARS 1997-2005 (Final), 2006 (ARF) *Rank based on % of 10-yr total fatalities
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Crash LocationCrash LocationCrash LocationCrash Location
Source: FARS
Top 3 States With the Highest Ped Fatalities
State Name Rank* % Number of Fatalities (’97-‘06) North Dakota 51 0.1 48
Vermont 50 0.1 60 Wyoming 49 0.1 71
Source: FARS ‘97-‘05 (Final), 2006 (ARF) *Rank based on % of 10-yr total fatalities
Top 3 States With the Lowest Ped Fatalities
State Name Rank* % Number of Fatalities (’97-’06) California 1 14.4 7,056
Florida 2 10.4 5,125 Texas 3 8.7 4,269
Source: FARS ‘97-‘05 (Final), 2006 (ARF) *Rank based on % of 10-yr toal fatalities
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Crash LocationCrash LocationCrash LocationCrash Location
Source: FARS
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by NHTSA Operation Regions
3.1%
17.9%
3.2%
13.5%
9.6%
18.9%
12.3%
14.2%
3.8%
3.5%
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Crash DensityCrash DensityCrash DensityCrash Density
Source: FARS and Census Bureau
• Average Fatalities Per Capita
1.714.9
Pedestrian Fatalities per
100K Population
Total Crash Fatalities per100K Population
• Average Walking Miles Per Death
Unit: 1 million
7077
WMT per PedestrianFatality
VMT per OccupantFatality
• Estimated by:• Walking Miles Traveled (WMT) / Pedestrian Fatalities
• Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) / Motor Vehicle Occupant Deaths
• The data from 2001 National Household Travel Survey.
Source: FARS, NHTS 2001, and FHWA
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Crash TimeCrash TimeCrash TimeCrash Time
Source: FARS
• On average, 13 pedestrians die in vehicle crashes each day, or one pedestrian every 107 minutes.
• January 1 and October 31 were the two most deadly days of the year, having the highest number of pedestrian fatalities (average 24 & 21 per day).
• Oct, Nov, and Dec have higher fatality percentages (10% each) than any other month.
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Crash TimeCrash TimeCrash TimeCrash Time
Source: FARS and GES
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Time of Day
3,022
6%
5,730
12%
3,735
8%
4,330
9%
3,514
7%
6,079
12%
12,146
25% 10,281
21%
Midnight to 3a.m.
3 a.m. to 6 a.m. 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. 9 a.m. to Noon Noon to 3 p.m. 3 p.m. to 6 p.m. 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. 9 p.m. toMidnight
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Crash TimeCrash TimeCrash TimeCrash Time
Source: FARS and GES
Ped Fatalities per Crash by Time of Day
0.20
0.05 0.040.07
0.110.16
0.03 0.03
Midnightto 3 a.m.
3 a.m. to 6a.m.
6 a.m. to 9a.m.
9 a.m. toNoon
Noon to 3p.m.
3 p.m. to 6p.m.
6 p.m. to 9p.m.
9 p.m. toMidnight
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Crash TimeCrash TimeCrash TimeCrash Time
Source: FARS and GES
• Ped Distribution by Day of the Week
• Ped Fatalities per Crash by Day of the Week
Day of the Week Killed % Killed/Crash Pedestrian Killed Pedestrian CrashSunday 14 0.08 6,718 78,376Monday 12 0.06 6,149 106,604
Tuesday 13 0.06 6,321 111,597Wednesday 13 0.05 6,511 116,370
Thursday 13 0.05 6,570 118,064Friday 17 0.06 8,111 134,533
Saturday 18 0.08 8,732 103,982
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Pedestrian DemographicsPedestrian DemographicsPedestrian DemographicsPedestrian Demographics
Source: FARS, GES, and Census Bureau
Distribution of Ped Fatality and Pop by Sex
10-Yr Total Ped Killed, 69%
10-Yr Total Ped Killed, 31%
10-Yr Average Pop, 51%
10-Yr Average Pop, 49%
Male Female
• The probability of a male pedestrian being killed in a crash is 7 per 100, a female is 5 per 100.
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Pedestrian DemographicsPedestrian DemographicsPedestrian DemographicsPedestrian Demographics
Source: FARS, GES, Census Bureau
Distribution of Ped Fatality and Pop by Age Group
Pop, 21%
Pop, 14%
Ped Killed, 35%
Ped Killed, 21%
Ped Killed, 9%Ped Killed, 12%
Ped Killed, 23%Pop, 29%
Pop, 23%
Pop, 13%
Child (Under 15) Youth (15-24) Young Adult (25-40) Adult (41-64) Senior (65+)
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Pedestrian FactorPedestrian FactorPedestrian FactorPedestrian Factor
Source: FARS and GES
Pedestrian Fatalities per Crash by Age Group
0.020.04
0.060.09
0.15
Child (Under 15) Youth (15-24) Young Adult (25-40) Adult (41-64) Senior (65+)
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Pedestrian FactorPedestrian FactorPedestrian FactorPedestrian Factor
Source: FARS and GES
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by BAC Level
BAC .08+, 33%
No Alcohol,
63%
BAC .01-.07,
4%
• When alcohol is involved the probability of the ped being killed in a crash (22/100) is 4 times higher than when no alcohol is involved (5/100).
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Pedestrian FactorPedestrian FactorPedestrian FactorPedestrian Factor
Source: FARS
Distribution of Ped Action in Fatal Crashes
1.5 2.1
27.3 25.4
13.9 12.1
5.39.8
2.6
ImproperCrossing
InRoadway
Fail to YieldRight-of-Way
Darting orRunning into
Road
Not Visible Inattentive Fail to ObeyTrafficControl
Other Unknown
%
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Vehicle Driver DemographicsVehicle Driver DemographicsVehicle Driver DemographicsVehicle Driver Demographics
Source: FARS
Distribution of Drivers by Sex in Fatal Ped Crashes
Unknown, 10% Male Driver,
65%Female Driver, 25%
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Vehicle Driver FactorVehicle Driver FactorVehicle Driver FactorVehicle Driver Factor
Source: FARS and GES
• Almost all drivers survived the pedestrian crashes (93%)• Most vehicle drivers did not have alcohol (83%)• Majority of drivers were not speeding (91%)• A pedestrian is still likely to die in a crash even if the driver is obeying the posted speed limit.
Pedestrian fatalities per 100 crashes:
55
1
Speeding Not Speeding
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Alcohol InvolvementAlcohol InvolvementAlcohol InvolvementAlcohol Involvement
Source: FARS
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Ped and Driver Alcohol Involvement
The % Distribution of 10-Yr Total Ped Deaths
Driver BAC
No Alcohol .01-.07 .08+ Total
Pedestrian BAC
No Alcohol 54% 2% 6% 62%
.01-.07 3% 0% 1% 4%
.08+ 26% 2% 6% 34%
Total 83% 4% 13% 100%
Source: FARS 1997-2005 (Final) 2006 (ARF)
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Vehicle Driver FactorVehicle Driver FactorVehicle Driver FactorVehicle Driver Factor
Source: FARS
• One in five pedestrians was killed in hit-and-run motor vehicle crashes.
27
79910
20
32445
Hit-and-Run
Vehicle
Driver
Driving over
Posted Limit
Fail to Yield
Right-of-Way
Drugs Inattentive Fail to keep
in Proper
Lane
Other Non-
Moving
Traffic
Violation
Operating
Vehicle in
Reckless
Manner
Non-Traffic
Violation
Charged
Others Unknown
%
Driver Distribution by Behavior in Fatal Ped Crashes
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Other: WeatherOther: WeatherOther: WeatherOther: Weather
Source: FARS and GES
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Weather Condition
89
0.2 0.8 1 0.4 0.68
No AdverseCondition
Rain Sleet Snow Fog Other Unknown
%
0.19 0.18 0.160.06 0.040.05
No AdverseCondition
Rain Sleet Snow Fog Other
Ped Fatalities per Crash by Weather Condition
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Other: Light Condition Other: Light Condition Other: Light Condition Other: Light Condition
Source: FARS and GES
30 32 33
2 2
Daylight Dark Dark but Lighted Dawn Dusk
%
0.030.08 0.10
0.04
0.22
Daylight Dark Dark but Lighted
Dawn Dusk
Distribution of Ped Fatalities by Light Condition.
Ped Fatalities per Crash by Light Condition
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Other: Posted Speed Limits Other: Posted Speed Limits Other: Posted Speed Limits Other: Posted Speed Limits
Source: FARS and GES
0.02 0.02
0.32
0.060.15
No Limit Post Under 30 30-39 40-49 50+
Ped Fatalities per Crash by Posted Speed Limits
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Review Key FindingsReview Key FindingsReview Key FindingsReview Key Findings
• Although pedestrian fatalities declined between 1997 and 2006, the probability of a pedestrian fatality in a crash increased.
• Nationwide, a pedestrian crash death occurred every 70 million miles walked.
• Males have a much higher probability than females to be killed. People 65 and older have a much greater possibility than other age groups to be killed in a crash.
• As a pedestrian’s BAC increases, the probability of a pedestrian getting killed in a crash increases.
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Questions?Questions?