BE 581 Medical Imaging

Jessica Ramella-Roman Ph.D.

Other medical imaging class currently offered

Other medical imaging class currently offered Consider taking both classes If you cannot take both but you are A Junior take BE797 now and BE581

next year A Grad student consider taking BE797

now and BE581 next year A Senior either one depending on interest

BE 581 Medical Imaging

Jessica Ramella-Roman Ph.D.

Instructor Office ---> Pangborn Hall -105B Email ---> ramella@cua.edu Office phone ----> 202 319 6247 Office hours By appointment Research ---> Biomedical Optics Lab ---> Pangborn Hall, 118

Co-Instructor Jeffrey Shupp MD Research at Washington Hospital

Center Will teach the “medical aspects” of

medical imaging Will show you some devices at

Washington Hospital

Textbook

The essential physics of medical imaging, second edition, J.T. Bushberg, J.A. Seibert, E.M.Leidholdt, JR. J.M. Boone, Editor: Lippincott Williams&Wilkins ISBN 0-683-30118-7

CLASS SLIDES WILL BE DISTRIBUTED

Naked to the Bone: Medical Imaging in the Twentieth Century (Paperback)by Bettyann Kevles

E=mc2: A Biography of the World’s Most Famous Equation by David Bodanis

More suggested reading:

Grading 30% Homework and class participation 30% Midterm Exam 40% Final Exam

http://policies.cua.edu/academicgrad/gradesfull.cfm#iii

Any form of PLAGIARISM will result in automatic F in the class

CUA Grading Systemhttp://policies.cua.edu/academicgrad/gradesfull.cfm#iii

Class Structure 1 h 15 min - lecture 20 min break 1 h 15min – lecture and discussion

I will ask you to read the chapter we are dealing with before hand.

Class webpage http://faculty.cua.edu/ramella/

BE581.htm

Class calendar

04/10/23

Class calendar

04/10/23

Midterm

Administrative WednesdayNo Class

Class calendar

04/10/23

Dr. Shupp

Dr. Shupp

Class calendar

04/10/23

Final

WHAT IS MEDICAL IMAGING?

Medical imaging Includes many imaging modalities

X-ray, Ultrasound, CT, PET, MRI, and many others

Uses physics, math, engineering tools, biology, (...) to image different part of the interior of the human body.

Radiation is: Energy that travels through space and

matter We are interested in electromagnetic

radiation Xray Visible Waves Gamma rays (…)

Electromagnetic spectrum

wavelength (nm)

frequency (Hz)

energy (eV)

1015 1012 109 106 103 100 10-3 10-6

60 16 1012 1018 1024

10-12 10-9 10-6 10-3 100 103 106 109

IR -Rays

X-Rays

UV

visible

Radio, TV, Radar, MRI

Radiant Heat Cosmic Rays

Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) Paul Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield 1970-1980 Uses very powerful magnets (1.5 Tesla) and the nuclear magnetic

resonance properties of the proton

Detects the radio frequency emitted by the protons (Proton spin flip)

Tomographic imaging modality 10 minutes for a complete scan

* images from: http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/2003/press.html

X-Ray imaging Discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen Nov 8, 1895 Published December 12, 1895 Uses X-Rays (0.01-0.1 nm) Ionizing radiation 10-100 KeV Resolution: mm Penetration: all body

Mammography is done with

low power X-rays

* images from: http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/xrays.html

Computer Tomography (CT) Full body CT inventor 1970-2 Robert Lendley Uses X-Rays, rotates the source & detector around the body Very quick (10 sec) Image soft tissue and vascular network

* images from: http://www.radiologyinfo.org

Ultrasound Inventor: Donald 1957, used on pregnant woman in 1958 Uses sound waves Sound enters the tissues and is reflected by internal structures

Echoes It’s a scanning process Much less harmful than ionizing mechanism Doppler ultrasound is used to measure flow

* images from: http:///www.medical.philips.com

Nuclear Imaging Inventor: Many over the years John & Ernest Lawrence, Ager ... Uses the decay (X-Ray or Gamma-Ray) of a isotope that was injected in a

patient to image internal organs (emission images) Gives information on the physiology of the patient PET-> Positron Emission Tomography

Radioactive isotopes Fluorine18 and Oxygen 15 emits positrons (e+) e+ combined to e- produces annihilation radiation Annihilation radiation similar to gamma-ray but produces 2 photons ( in opposite

directions) Uses a ring of detector to record the photon Produces a tomographic image

SPECT-> Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Gamma ray or Xray emission from the patient is recorder at severaldifferent angle. (tomography) Radioactive isotopes Fluorine18 and Oxygen 15 emits positrons (e+)

* images from: http:///www.medical.philips.com

PLEASE READ CHAPTER 1 and 2 of the text book by next week

Go to webpage and download class slides