Biology IMr. Nettles

Agenda- Tuesday, August 23, 2011

1. Name that Guy – 15 min

1. Warm Up – 5 min

1. Daily Lesson – 30 min

1. Wrap Up – 5 min

Today’s Objectives

• I will identify the scientists who contributed to the cell theory.

• I will define the words prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and organelle.

• I will define and describe the primary organelles of eukaryotic cells.

• I will articulate the function of each organelle.

Name that Guy

Procedure

1. Read a brief paragraph of each scientist and underline key information.

2. Form teams of two and discuss each scientist.3. As a team, come up with a one sentence

summary of what each scientist contributed to our understanding of cells.

4. Each team shares their summary of each scientist with the class.

5. Play “Name that Guy” (Quiz, Quiz, Trade style)

Warm-Up

1. Define cell.

1. Which scientist came up with the name “cell” by studying a piece of dead cork?

2. Complete the statement: “All cells are produced by _____________.”

What you need to know about ALL Cells

• Tend to be microscopic

• Have a few key structures:– are enclosed by a membrane.– are filled with cytoplasm.

Bacterium(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

cell membrane

cytoplasm

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bond organelles

• “Eu” means “true”

nucleus

cell membrane

organelles

Eukaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles.

• “Pro” means “no”

nucleus

cell membrane

organelles

cytoplasm

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

What are organelles?

Definition: Organelles are specialized structures that perform important cellular functions within eukaryotic cells

You have a body that has organs that do specific things so your whole body will work. An organelle is like an organ for the cell.

Organelles found in ALL eukaryotic cells:

1. Nucleus2. Nucleolus3. Cytoplasm4. Cell membrane5. Ribosome6. Endoplasmic Reticulum7. Golgi apparatus8. Mitochondria 9. Lysosomes

**A little bit of help**For each organelle (cell organ) I will give you its DEFINITION and its FUNCTION.

– The DEFINITION is a short description of what it looks like, where it is found, and how we can recognize it.• Definition of an iPOD: a small technological device that comes in

a variety of colors and contains songs that you can play.

– The FUNCTION is what it does…it’s purpose.• Function of an iPOD: an iPOD is used to play music and is often

used when someone is studying, exercising or other times. It is small so it can be carried around.

Nucleus DEFINITION:• Large organelle in the center of the cell that

controls everything that happens in the cell…the “brain” of the cell

FUNCTION: • Stores all genetic material (DNA)• Involved in duplication of DNA during cellular

division (MITOSIS)

Nucleus

Nucleolus

DEFINITION: • small, dense structure in the nucleus that

creates rRNA.

FUNCTION:• Creates ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

- rRNA is very important in making ribosomes- Ribosomes are involved in making proteins

Nucleolus

Cytoplasm DEFINITION:

• All material in the cell except for the nucleus.• A gooey fluid that fills the cell and acts as

support• Made mostly of water

FUNCTION: • It supports the cell…kind of like bubble wrap

or packing peanuts support and protect a package.

Cytoplasm

Cellular membrane

DEFINITION: • thin, flexible layer that surrounds the cell’s

cytoplasm.

FUNCTION: • Controls what goes into and out of the cell• Protection

Cellular membrane

Ribosome Definition: • A small, dense organelle made mostly from rRNA

(ribosomal RNA)• Attached to endoplasmic reticulum or free

floating in the cytoplasm

Function: • Makes proteins

Ribosome

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

Definition: • A system of folded tube-like structures

attached to the nucleus

Function: • Folds proteins• Transports proteins• Site of ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):

Golgi Apparatus:

Definition: • A system of folded tube-like structures NOT

attached to the nucleus

Function:• packages things that are made in the cell to be

transported to another organelle or outside of the cell (i.e. enzymes, proteins, hormones)

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Definition: • A membrane-enclosed organelle with cristae

(folds) inside.

Function:• Creates the ATP (chemical energy) that most of

the cell uses.• “Powerhouse of the cell”

Mitochondria

Lysosomes

Definition: • Small organelles within the cytoplasm that are

filled with enzymes Function: • Break down…

- food into small particles that can be used by the rest of the cell

- organelles that are no longer needed and other waste in the cell

Wrap-Up

1. What is known as the “powerhouse of the cell” and creates the cell’s chemical energy?

1. Define prokaryotic.

2. What is the purpose or function of cytoplasm?