AUDIT ENERGI

AGUS HARYANTO

DEFINISI

• Energy Audit can be simply defined as a process to evaluate where a building or plant or activity or process uses energy, and identify opportunities to reduce energy consumption.

WHY IT’S IMPORTANT

• As long-predicted energy shortages appear, as questions about the interaction of energy and environment are raised in legislatures and parliaments, and as energy-related inflation dominates public concern, many are beginning to see that there is a unity of the single system of energy, ecology, and economics. The world's leadership, however, is mainly advised by specialists who study only a part of the system at a time.

Howard T. Odum. 1974. Energy, Ecology, & Economics. MotherEarth News. Issue No. 27 - May/June 1974

WHY IT’S IMPORTANT

• There is a relationship between energy consumption and cost: With the cost of all forms of energy increasing at a rapid pace, farmers have the potential to lower their cost of production by performing an energy audit on their farm or ranch and identifying ways to lower energy use, which translates into lower costs.

• Baseline: Efficient use of energy becomes very important with rising energy costs

Chad Reisenauer, 2008, Farm energy audit can help conserve energy and lower costs. http://www.farmandranchguide.com/articles/2008/02/02/ag_news/regional_news/reg10.txt (January 26, 2010)

WHY IT’S IMPORTANT

• In the near future there will be a need to show energy used to produce a product in it’s label so that customer is able to compare and judge which product is more energy-efficient.

• WITHOUT Energy Input Label (EIL), your customers cannot assess the full environmental impact of your products

www.energyinputlabeling.com www.energyinputlabeling.org

EIL (ENERGY INPUT LABEL)

Just like how consumers use food labels today to find out fat %

Role of EIL in Business

• Demonstrate your environmental responsibility

• Differentiate your products from competition • Improve your customer trust and loyalty • Gain preferential status from business

customers who adopt EIL • Help yourself better understand your own

energy costs

PUSH PUSH & LABEL PUL• The effects of standards and labels are complementary. • For each energy-using product or process (e.g., household

appliances, office equipment, lighting products, industrial processes, automobiles), one can identify a metric that measures energy efficiency (e.g., kWh and mpg for automobiles).

• The black line represents the market for products in the absence of standards and labels. As the red line shows, standards “push” the market by causing manufacturers to eliminate production of the least efficient models previously sold.

• The blue line shows, labels “pull” the market by providing information to consumers that allows them to make better decisions and purchase the most efficient available models.

• Together, standards and labels increase the efficiency of products offered in the market.

TYPES OF ENERGY AUDITSLevel 1—The Walk-Through Audit• It is a tour of the facility to visually inspect each of the energy

using systems. It will typically include an evaluation of energy consumption data to analyze energy use quantities and patterns as well as provide comparisons to industry averages or benchmarks for similar facilities.

• It is the least costly audit but can yield a preliminary estimate of savings potential and provide a list of low-cost savings opportunities through improvements in operational and maintenance practices.

• This level is also an opportunity to collect information for a more detailed audit later on if the preliminary savings potential appears to warrant an expanded scope of auditing activity.

TYPES OF ENERGY AUDITSLevel 2—Standard Audit• The standard audit goes on to quantify energy uses

and losses through a more detailed review and analysis of equipment, systems, and operational characteristics.

• This analysis may also include some on-site measurement and testing to quantify energy use and efficiency of various systems.

• Standard energy engineering calculations are used to analyze efficiencies and calculate energy and costs savings based on improvements and changes to each system.

• The standard audit will also include an economic analysis of recommended conservation measures.

TYPES OF ENERGY AUDITSLevel 3—Computer Simulation• It includes more detail of energy use by function and a more

comprehensive evaluation of energy use patterns. • This is accomplished through use of computer simulation

software developed by the auditor that will account for weather and other variables and predict year-round energy use.

• The goal is to build a base for comparison that is consistent with the actual energy consumption of the facility. After this baseline is built, the auditor will then make changes to improve efficiency of various systems and measure the effects compared to the baseline.

• This method also accounts for interactions between systems to help prevent overestimation of savings.

• This is the most expensive level of energy audit but may be warranted if the facility or systems are more complex in nature.

APPROACHES

• Direct Approach The direct approach itemizes all of the directly identifiable energy inputs. For example, if a machine is operated for 15 minutes to produce a product, then the energy used to run that machine for that amount of time would be the energy input. If that machine operates at 40 kilowatts, then the energy input for that product would be 10 kilowatt-hours. This is calculated in the following manner: 10 kilowatt hours = 40 kilowatts x 0.25 hours.

APPROACHES (cont)

• Indirect Approach The indirect approach considers the entire energy used by an enterprise and divides that energy by the quantity of products produced to determine the energy input. For example, if a factory uses 10,000 kilowatt-hours in a month and produces 500 units of product in that month, then the energy input for that product would be 20 kilowatt-hours. This is calculated as: 20 kilowatt- hours = 10,000 kilowatt hours / 500 units of product.