Atoms and Elements Atoms are the basic units of all matter.
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Transcript of Atoms and Elements Atoms are the basic units of all matter.
Atoms and ElementsChapter 6: The Chemistry of Life
Atoms are the basic units of
all matter.
1.Protons (+) 2.Neutrons (0)3.Electrons (-)
Atoms are composed of 3
sub-atomic particles:
An atom is the smallest
particle of an element.
Elements
An element is a substance that can not be broken down into simpler chemical substances.
Everything is made of substances called elements.
Each element is identified by a one- or two-letter abbreviation
called a symbol.
Atomic numberThe atomic number is
equal to the number of protons that an atom
has.
Ex. Silver has an atomic number of 47 and therefore has 47 protons
Atoms always contain the same number of protons
and electronsAtomic # = protons = electrons
Atomic MassThe atomic mass is the number of
protons and neutrons added together.
How do you figure how many neutrons there are?
Atomic mass - atomic number = number of neutrons!
The Fab Five Elements
In Biology this year, we will be focusing on 5 main elements.
They are…
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus
Notice just how much of the human body they compose
That’s 96.8% of your total body composition!
Carbon•Atomic Number: 6•Atomic Mass: 12.01•Carbon is the basis for organic organisms as it occurs in all living things.•Makes up about 18% of human bodies• Examples: found in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Carbon in Chemical StructuresCarbon is so common in living organisms that they can sometimes be omitted to save time. Anywhere there is a corner without a letter, that means a carbon is actually there.
Carbons are representedBy the letter
C
Hydrogen•Atomic Number: 1•Atomic Mass: 1.01•Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe•Makes up about 10% of human bodies•Examples: found in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Hydrogen is
represented
By the letter H
Hydrogen in Chemical Structures
Oxygen Atomic Number: 8 Atomic Mass: 15.99 Animals and plants require Oxygen
for respiration Makes up about 65% of human
bodies Examples: found in carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
Oxygen in Chemical Structures
Oxygen is represente
dBy the
letter O
Nitrogen Atomic Number: 7 Atomic Mass: 14.01 Nitrogen gas (N2) makes up
78.1% of the volume of the Earth's air.
Makes up about 3% of human bodies
Examples: found in proteins and nucleic acids
Nitrogen in Chemical Structures
Nitrogen is representedBy the letter
N
Phosphorus Atomic Number: 15 Atomic Mass: 30.97 Important for proper
skeletal and nervous system function
Makes up about 1% of human bodies
Examples: found in nucleic acids
Phosphorus in Chemical Structures
Phosphorus is
represented
By the letter P
Directions: Label each of the Fab Five Elements in the chemical
compound (Adenosine Triphosphate a.k.a
ATP) below.
Directions: Label each of the Fab Five Elements in the chemical
compound (glucose) below.