Atomic Structure & Elements. Size of the Atom ► Average sized atom 0.00000003 cm ► Aluminum foil...
Transcript of Atomic Structure & Elements. Size of the Atom ► Average sized atom 0.00000003 cm ► Aluminum foil...
Atomic Structure &
Elements
Size of the Atom
►Average sized atom 0.00000003 cm►Aluminum foil 50,000 atoms thick►1 penny 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms of
copper and zinc (20 thousand billion billion
Parts of the Atom
►Proton- Positive (+) particle (nucleus)►Determines the element
►Neutron- Neutral (0)particle (nucleus)►Nucleus- Central, dense core of atom
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom and make up almost all the mass of the atom.
►Electron- Negative (-) particle (electron cloud around nucleus)
Modern view of the atom
►The atom is mostly empty space►Nucleus – Protons and neutrons►Electron cloud is the area where
electrons of an atom are most likely found.
Counting the Pieces Review
►Atomic Number= Number of protons►Atomic Mass= Protons + Neutrons►# of protons determines kind of atom. ►Neutral Atom= the same number of
protons and electrons ►All particles in the atom have mass. ►Proton= 1amu (atomic mass unit)►Neutron= 1amu►Electrons have a very small mass
Atoms and Elements►Atoms of different elements are
different Determined by # of protons
►Atoms of the same element are almost the same Isotopes have a different number of
neutrons Does not change the charge of the atom. Occur naturally and share the same
properties Some are unstable and the nucleus can
change composition (radioactive isotopes)
Isotope
Naming the Isotopes
►32He
►42He
► 126C
► 146C
► 23592U
► 23992U
Mass number of this atom
Atomic numberof the element
This atom of hydrogen has two protons and one
neutron. 1 + 1+ 1= 3 amu
Atomic MassAtomic Number
Element Symbol
Write the isotopes of Hydrogen shown.
11H
21H
31H
Atomic Mass
►The atomic mass is not a whole number because it is a weighted average of all the oxygen isotopes in the world.
Measuring Atomic Mass
►Atomic mass is measured in Atomic Mass Units or AMU’s and is the addition of the number of Protons and Neutrons in an atom. Same number of electrons &
Protons Neutrons different.
Atomic Mass=________
Atomic Mass=________
Elements Chapter 4 Section 1
►An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and have the same properties
► Classified by properties►Grouped into categories using these properties►Metals►Metalloids►Non-metals
Metals Shiny Good conductors of thermal energy Good conductors of electrical current Malleable Ductile Located on the left side of the periodic table
Three Categories of Elements
Nonmetals Dull Poor conductors of thermal energy Poor conductors of electric current Brittle/ unmalleable Located on the right side of the periodic table
Three Categories of Elements
Metalloids Sometimes called semi-metals or semiconductors Can be shiny or dull Somewhat malleable Somewhat ductile Some are good conductors of thermal energy and electrical
current
Three Categories of Elements