• atmospheric or aerial perspective • Chiaroscuro & tenebrism • cross-hatching and hatching • hue, value (key), and intensity (saturation) • local, perceptual, optically mixed, and arbitrary color • palette • pointillism & optical mixing of color• primary, secondary and intermediate colors • spectrum • Temperature• Symbolic or expressive color• Visual texture• Motion and time• Action painting• Outline or contour line• Implied line• Expressive line• Analytic or classic line• Shape and mass• 3-dimensional space• 2-dimensional space• Linear perspective• Vanishing point• One-point linear perspective• Foreshortening

FORMAL ELEMENTS OF ART

Test on April 2Entire section on Formal Elements of Art

Foreshortening

Illusion of depth // two-dimensions - 1490 (left) versus 1907 (right)

Atmospheric perspective The first object of the painter is to make a flat plane appear as a body in relief and

projecting from that plane. -- Leonardo da Vinci

Chiaroscuro: In drawing and painting, the use of light and dark to create the effect of 3-dimensional, modeled surfaces.

Tenebrism: A heightened form of chiaroscuro

Hatching and cross-hatching

Color Spectrum and color wheel (invented in the 18th century)

Test for red/green color blindness

Normal color vision should read the number 3.

Red-Green deficiencies should read the number 5.

Total color blindness should not be able to read any numeral.

Cool and warm temperaturemonochormatic palette

Value (key) scale: the relative lightness or darkness of a picture or the colors employed in it

Saturation and intensity // tints and shadesIntensity: the relative purity of a color’s hue and a function of its relative brightness

or dullness

Interaction of colors

Pointillism // optical mixing of color

Chuck Close, optical mixing

Arbitrary color versus local color

Symbolic or Expressive color

visual texture (versus actual texture based on touch)

Claude Monet, Waterlilies, late 19th century Impressionist oil on canvas panorama painting at the Jeu de Paume in Paris. No focal point gives sense of timeless time.

Time and motion // visual rhythm

Action Painting – Jackson Pollock (viewer has awareness of time – event of painting as verb)

Op art: visual motion / visual rhythmBridget Riley

Tinguely, Homage to New York, kinetic sculpture

Alexander Calder, Mobile, National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C // kinetic sculpture

Pattern

Miriam Schapiro, Mother Russia, Pattern as a feminist statement, 1994, Femmage