ATASA 5 Lubrication & Cooling Systems...Lubrication & Cooling Systems “Oil Consumption” can...

ATASA 5 th Study Guide Chapter 14 Pages 393432 Lubrication & Cooling Systems 44 Points

ATASA 5 th Lubrication & Cooling Systems

1. The life span of an engine depends largely upon its __________________ & _____________ systems.

Lube & Cooling


The American Petroleum Institute (API) rates oil service classification. (SM) ATASA 5 th Lubrication & Cooling Systems

The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) rates oil viscosity.


To formulate multiviscosity oils, numerous additives are blended into the oil.


Synthetic oil base stock is manufactured in a lab from the refining byproduct ethylene gas.

Synthetic oil is oil consisting of chemical compounds which were not originally present in crude oil (petroleum) but were artificially made (synthesized) from other compounds.

Semisynthetic oil Semisynthetic oils (also called

'synthetic blends') are blends of mineral oil with no more than 30% synthetic oil. Designed to have many of the benefits of synthetic oil without matching the

cost of pure oil.


“Oil Consumption” can result from external or internal leaks, piston rings, Valve guide & valve seal, or from faulty accessories like oil pressure sending units or oil filter adapters. A stuck open PCV valve can also cause oil burning!


2. The ______ ________ is the heart of the lubricating system. It generates a volume of oil flow.


Oil Pump

3. Located in the oil pan, the oil pump _______ is submerged in oil at all times. It has a screen filter.


Pick up

4. Since the oil pump is a positive displacement type, it needs an oil pressure __________ valve to prevent excessively high pressures.

Oil pressure is very dependent upon tight bearing clearances too! .0015”


Broken or missing spring results in no oil pressure

Excessive Oil pump clearances results in little or no oil pressure

ByPass Relief Regulator

5. The oil pan is also known as the _______ of the engine. A wet sump may have _________ or a windage tray to prevent oil sloshing.


Sump, Waffle Sump, Baffle Sump, Screen

6. Engine with ______ sump lubrication have 2 oil pumps: one to feed galleries and one to pull oil out of the sump and return it to a reservoir located elsewhere in the vehicle.


11. Oil filters have both a ____ ______ (relief) valve to allow flow if they get clogged & a ________ valve to prevent oil drainage from the filter when the engine is shut off.


12. Oil __________ are especially popular on turbocharged engines.


Heaters Chillers Coolers

13. Oil _____________ are passages for pressurized flow through the block. _____ bearings are fed oil first. Then the drillings in the crankshaft feed the rod journals. Lifter galleries are next in line.


14. Oil pumps may wear since they are lubricated with ________________ oil. Both gear & rotor pumps operate with very tight tolerances to maintain sufficient pressurization of the oil.

Unfettered Unfiltered Undiluted


15. Oil pressure sensors or _________ ______ are screwed into oil galleries & provide a signal for indicator lights and instrument cluster gauges. Engines also have low oil indicators & sensors.

Sending Units Mailing Units UPS Units


16. “Oil consumption” can be through either external or __________ leaks. Abnormally high crankcase pressure from bad rings, worn cylinders or malfunctioning PCV system can “pump” oil up past the piston rings & right into the combustion chamber.

Internal Intrinsic Initiative


17. Intake manifold __________ that leak can pull oil from the lifter valley on a Vengine & straight into the intake ports. Valve guides are oil burning culprits too.

Bolts Gaskets Runners


Oil pumps should be primed before installation by packing them with petroleum jelly…Not grease!


Distributordriven pumps may be used to prime the lubrication system before startup by turning the oil pump with an electric drill in the direction of distributor rotation.


A pressurized tank of oil can be used to prime the engine through the oil pressure sending unit hole. This equipment is known as a prelubricator.


18. An engine losing ___ drops of oil every 100 feet loses ___ quarts of oil every 1000 miles!


3, 3 10, 10 90, 90

19. Oil __________ can build up in an engine from infrequent oil changes. Oil flushing could help this.


Sludge Fudge Trudge

20. Liquid _______ engines circulate either an ethylene glycol or a propylene glycol coolant mixed in a 50% concentration w/ water to transfer heat from hot engine parts to the radiator.

Cooled Heated Exhausted



Ethylene glycol Propylene glycol

A closed cooling system utilizes an overflow or recovery reservoir/tank to capture any coolant that passes through the pressure relief valve on the radiator cap. A vacuum valve in the cap allows the coolant to siphon back into the system when the engine cools and the coolant contracts.


21. The _____________________ allows hot coolant to leave the water jackets and enter the radiator.


Heater Core Thermostat Radiator Cap

A thermostat bypass passage, hose, or jiggle valve allows coolant to circulate in the block & the heater core before the coolant temperature is hot enough to

cause the thermostat to open.


22. The heart of the liquid cooling system is a beltdriven, centrifugaltype _________ ________. Not a positive displacement pump like an oil pump

Weep Hole


Thermostat Radiator Water Pump

23. The _______________ is a tube & fin heat exchanger used to transfer coolant heat to the passing air.


Thermostat Radiator Water Pump

24. Radiators are either ___________ flow or _________ flow in design. They are constructed of either brass tanks with a copper core or of plastic tanks with an aluminum core.

ATF


Cross, Down Vertical, Horizontal Up, Down

25. The radiator cap allows pressure to increase in the system which _______ the coolant boil point.


Raises Lowers

26. For every 1# of pressure on the system, the coolant boil point is raised ______° F.


3.25 3 ¼

27. The radiator ____ is the device that controls coolant exchange between the radiator & expansion tank.


Neck Cap Hose

Caps can be pressure tested to determine if they meet their pressure relief rating. Vacuum valves cannot be tested. A collapsed top radiator hose on a cool engine is evidence of a bad vacuum valve in the radiator cap!


Note: Replacement thermostats with incorrect opening temperature will adversely affect driveability….and in some cases set DTC’s.

Overheating & Overcooling

Too cold for too long = open loop for too long


28. Passages in the block and cylinder heads for coolant to flow through are called water ____________.


29. ________ fans change their blade pitch with changes in engine speed. ________________ fans have their ontime controlled by the PCM from the ECT sensor signal using high & low cooling fan relays.


Flex, Electric Flux, Electric Flax, Electric

30. ____________ fan operation is sensitive to the temperature of air flowing through the radiator.


Clutch Fancy Torque

31. Coolant can get so acidic, that it will react with engine metal to produce electricity. True or False


32. Belt slippage due to decreased tension can result in the engine overheating. True or False


33. An easy way to test a thermostat is to measure engine temperature with an ___________ thermometer.


Mercury Submersible Infrared

34. Water pumps have _______ holes in their casting that will leak fluid as an early indicator of trouble.


Creep Sleep Weep

34. Water pumps have _______ holes in their casting that will leak fluid as an early indicator of trouble.


35. A steady stream of bubbles leaving the radiator into the expansion tank indicates ______ entering the cooling system. If a head gasket is suspect, check for combustion gas in the radiator with an emission analyzer.


Fuel Air Oil

36. To determine the source of coolant leaks, either a ____________ test or leak detection with a ______ can be done. There are also combustion gas leak testers to identify head gasket problems.


Pressure, Dye Vacuum, Dye Pressure, Weep

37. Caps can be ____________ tested to determine if they meet their pressure relief rating. Vacuum valves cannot be tested. A collapsed top radiator hose on a cool engine is evidence of a bad vacuum valve.


Spring Pressure Vacuum

No Water Jackets…What’s up with that?


38. There are many options for coolant _____________. Special cleaning chemicals are available too.


Flushing

Note: Automatic transmission fluid coolers are located in the coolant outlet tank of the radiator.


Note: Special belt tension gauges are available to verify proper belt tightness & adjustment. Also, belt wear gauges


39. After draining, flushing, & refilling with coolant, a system must be _______ to eliminate air pockets.


Sled Shred Bled

40. _________ vehicles will have special precautions and procedures to follow to service the cooling system. There may even be a cooling system for the engine and one for the motor electronics.


Hybrid LEV ULEV SULEV PZEV ZEV EV PIEV

ATASA 5 Lubrication & Cooling Systems...Lubrication & Cooling Systems “Oil Consumption” can...

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