ATACAMA

ATACAMAATACAMACCATCCAT : The Cornell-Caltech Atacama Telescope : The Cornell-Caltech Atacama Telescope

A joint project of Cornell University, A joint project of Cornell University, the California Institute of Technologythe California Institute of Technology and the Jet Propulsion Laboratoryand the Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Riccardo GiovanelliRiccardo Giovanelli

Guiding Principles

• Scientific Excellence• Institutional Synergy• Special Niche/High Visibility• Ride the technology wave of large format Bolometer Arrays• At the best possible, easily serviceable Earth location• High synergy with (and enabler to) ALMA

• A unique project geared towards the investigation of cosmic origins, from planets to galaxies, in the FIR/submm niche;• with a focus that emphasizes our institutions’ instrument building talents & development of forefront technologies;• that can sensibly achieve first light by 2012;• that will maintain the US in the forefront of research in one of the most rapidly developing observational/ technological fields;• that will provide strong opportunities for synergistic science with ALMA;• at cost affordable by a small consortium of academic institutions.

CCATCCAT

•A 25m-class FIR/submm telescope that will operate with high aperture efficiency down to = 200 an atmospheric limit

•Able to accomodate large format bolometer array cameras (large Field of View ~20’) and high spectral resolution heterodyne receivers

•At a very high (elevation > 5000m), very dry (Precipitable Water Vapor column PWV<1 mm) site with wide sky coverage

TheThe CCAT: CCAT:

Science Areas:Science Areas: • Early Universe CosmologyEarly Universe Cosmology• Galaxy Formation & EvolutionGalaxy Formation & Evolution• Disks, Star & Planet Forming RegionsDisks, Star & Planet Forming Regions• Cosmic Microwave Background, SZE andCosmic Microwave Background, SZE and• Solar System AstrophysicsSolar System Astrophysics

Major Science Role: Large Scale SurveysMajor Science Role: Large Scale Surveys (galaxies, debris disks, KBOs),(galaxies, debris disks, KBOs), feeder to ALMAfeeder to ALMA

How did we get from this:How did we get from this:

……to this:to this:

… … and thisand this

… … and this?and this?

Brief technical specs:Brief technical specs:•f/0.6, very large FOV•Better than 10 micron total budget•Conventional mount design•In a dome•Active primary control•Subarcsec pointing & tracking

Full 20’ x 20’ FOVFull 20’ x 20’ FOV

See G. Cortes paper at July Midterm Review

Mountain Facility: Observing LevelMountain Facility: Observing Level

M3M3 Engineering & Technology CorporationEngineering & Technology Corporation

Mountain Facility: First Level PlanMountain Facility: First Level Plan


Mountain Facility: Second Level PlanMountain Facility: Second Level Plan


Mountain Facility: Building SectionMountain Facility: Building Section


Mountain Facility: ExteriorMountain Facility: Exterior


Update: Reports from ContractorsUpdate: Reports from Contractors

Several Final Reports ReceivedSeveral Final Reports Received AMEC Dome Study ReportAMEC Dome Study Report All Three Panel Study Reports (CMA, Xinetics, ITT)All Three Panel Study Reports (CMA, Xinetics, ITT) Laser Metrology (JPL)Laser Metrology (JPL)

PendingPending M3 Architectural Study, Vertex RSI Mount StudyM3 Architectural Study, Vertex RSI Mount Study Calibration WFS Study, Systems EngineeringCalibration WFS Study, Systems Engineering Science & Requirements Report, Instrumentation ReportScience & Requirements Report, Instrumentation Report M2/M3 Report (CSA Engineering)M2/M3 Report (CSA Engineering) othersothers

Concept UpdatesConcept Updates

Dome ConceptDome Concept Structure Further Structure Further

DevelopedDeveloped Shutter Approach Shutter Approach

IllustratedIllustrated Mechanisms Further Mechanisms Further

DesignedDesigned

Cost EstimateCost Estimate ~$13m~$13m Consistent with Consistent with

Allocated CostAllocated Cost

Polyurethane Radial Roller

Steel Normal and Uplift Rollers

Bogie Frame

Normal Pivot Bearing

Central Mount

Calotte Enclosure ConceptCalotte Enclosure Concept

Zen=00 Zen=150 Zen=300 Zen=450 Zen=600 Zen=750

BASE

CAP

ApertureRing

Interface Ring

Azimuth Ring

Structural Design and AnalysisStructural Design and Analysis

General designGeneral design Steel triangulated frame structureSteel triangulated frame structure Stiffened ring sections at mechanical Stiffened ring sections at mechanical

interfaces interfaces Structural Analysis Structural Analysis

Preliminary FEA of all-steel enclosurePreliminary FEA of all-steel enclosure Members optimized under survival Members optimized under survival

load combinations (gravity, wind, load combinations (gravity, wind, snow, ice)snow, ice)

Mechanical interfaces modeled with Mechanical interfaces modeled with equivalent spring stiffnessesequivalent spring stiffnesses

Total Enclosure MassTotal Enclosure Mass Base structure:Base structure: 140 tonne140 tonne Cap structure:Cap structure: 120 tonne120 tonne Shutter structure:Shutter structure: 50 50

tonnetonne Cladding/Girts:Cladding/Girts: 80 tonne80 tonne Azimuth mechanical:Azimuth mechanical: 50 tonne50 tonne Calotte mechanical:Calotte mechanical: 25 tonne25 tonne

TOTAL:TOTAL: 465 465 tonnetonne

Element Plot

Gravity Deflections ~7mm max


Mount DevelopmentsMount Developments CAD Model Further CAD Model Further

DevelopedDeveloped Truss AddedTruss Added Mass EstimatedMass Estimated

Mount Cost Not Yet Mount Cost Not Yet in Handin Hand

Control Analysis Control Analysis Indicates that Mount Indicates that Mount Will Probably Meet Will Probably Meet Scanning/Pointing Scanning/Pointing RequirementsRequirements

CCAT Mount OverviewCCAT Mount Overview

PM Study Point DesignPM Study Point Design

SegmentationSegmentation 6 Annular Rings6 Annular Rings Segments Max 2m x 2mSegments Max 2m x 2m Wide Latitude in DesignWide Latitude in Design

Facilitates ReplicationFacilitates Replication Only 6 Different TypesOnly 6 Different Types Size Compatible With Size Compatible With

Several Manufacturing Several Manufacturing TechniquesTechniques

Three Panel Studies In WorkThree Panel Studies In Work

Composite Mirror Applications, Tucson, AZComposite Mirror Applications, Tucson, AZ Al SandwichAl Sandwich Successfully Used by MAN for SMT, Achieving 14 µ RMSSuccessfully Used by MAN for SMT, Achieving 14 µ RMS Low CTE, High Specific StiffnessLow CTE, High Specific Stiffness

Xinetics Inc., Devens, MAXinetics Inc., Devens, MA Nanolaminate Front Shell (LLNL Technology)Nanolaminate Front Shell (LLNL Technology) Laminated to SiC Lightweighted Support StructureLaminated to SiC Lightweighted Support Structure Proprietary Casting/Sintering ProcessProprietary Casting/Sintering Process

ITT Industries, Rochester, NY (Former part of ITT Industries, Rochester, NY (Former part of Kodak)Kodak)

Borosilicate Glass FormingBorosilicate Glass Forming Proprietary Process for Forming Lightweight Core Between Proprietary Process for Forming Lightweight Core Between

Face and Back SheetsFace and Back Sheets


Mirror SegmentsMirror Segments Xinetics (SiC) Provides a Xinetics (SiC) Provides a

Good Study but Cost is Good Study but Cost is >>> Than Acceptable>>> Than Acceptable

ITT and CMA Complete ITT and CMA Complete StudiesStudies

Both Have Feasible Both Have Feasible DesignsDesigns

Both Costs Somewhat Both Costs Somewhat Higher than TargetHigher than Target

Reasonable Way Forward Reasonable Way Forward with Bothwith Both

Corrugated Mirror AssembliesCorrugated Mirror AssembliesFuse top and bottom plates to corrugated core

(1 day)

Lightweighting efficiently stiffens face sheets.

Corrugated Mirror BenefitsCorrugated Mirror Benefits

Total process time per panel is short (~1 week)

Benefit: High production rates, low cost per panel

Areal densities below 10kg/m² have been demonstrated

Benefit: Meets system requirements for overall weight

Inexpensive raw material

Benefit: Low cost per panel

Several design approaches

Benefit: Adequate trade space

for design optimization

Traditional mirror materials plus innovative manufacturing processes can meet the cost , schedule, and technical requirements of CCAT

Submm CameraSubmm Camera

Strawman First light instrumentStrawman First light instrument FOV FOV

Nyquist sampling a 5’x5’ FOV at 350 Nyquist sampling a 5’x5’ FOV at 350 m: 170 m: 170 170 170 pixel arraypixel array

30,000 pixels, or 6 times that of SCUBA-230,000 pixels, or 6 times that of SCUBA-2 Primary bands Primary bands

200, 350, 450 200, 350, 450 m and 620 m and 620 mm Driven by similar backgrounds and adequate Driven by similar backgrounds and adequate

sampling requirementssampling requirements Filter wheel to change wavelengthsFilter wheel to change wavelengths

Telescope designed with ~20’x20’ FOV; future Telescope designed with ~20’x20’ FOV; future instruments will take advantage of the entire instruments will take advantage of the entire FOV FOV

Study ReportStudy Report

Study Report in WorkStudy Report in Work First Draft Book Assembled First Draft Book Assembled Process for Review & Revision DefinedProcess for Review & Revision Defined Target is to Go to Print in Mid DecemberTarget is to Go to Print in Mid December Study Review in preparation (Jan 2006)Study Review in preparation (Jan 2006)

In the highest, driest tropical region on Earth …

at an elevation of ~18,000 ft a.m.s.l. an elevation of ~18,000 ft a.m.s.l. (as high as you can drive a truck), (as high as you can drive a truck), in the Atacama region of Northern Chile,in the Atacama region of Northern Chile, it will be the highest observatory on it will be the highest observatory on Earth.Earth.

SiteSite

ChasconChascon

HonarHonar

NegroNegro

ChajnantorChajnantor

TocoToco

SairecaburSairecabur

ChicoChico

National Science PreserveNational Science Preserve (managed by CONICYT)(managed by CONICYT)

ALMAALMACBICBI

MPIMPI

JNAOJNAOACTACT

Sub-mm Atmospheric TransmissionSub-mm Atmospheric Transmission

Atmospheric transmission for different amounts of precipitable water vapor. The horizontal red bars represent the adopted bandpasses and the average transmission for 0.25 mm PWV.

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Frequency (GHz)

Tra

nsm

issi

on

0.125 mm

0.25 mm

0.50 mm

1.0 mm

0.25 mm Band Avg

0.20.30.40.50.60.81.023 1.5

Wavelength (mm)

C. Chajnantor

View to North

View to the South

Summit (5655m)Possible site (5575m)

• Spring 2003 : Partnership initiated Spring 2003 : Partnership initiated

• October 2003: Workshop in PasadenaOctober 2003: Workshop in Pasadena

• Feb 2004: MOU signed by Feb 2004: MOU signed by Caltech, JPL and CornellCaltech, JPL and Cornell

• Late 2004: Project Office established,Late 2004: Project Office established, PM, DPM hired, PM, DPM hired, Study Phase pace acceleratesStudy Phase pace accelerates

• July 2005: Study Phase Midterm ReviewJuly 2005: Study Phase Midterm Review

• Early 2006: Preliminary CDREarly 2006: Preliminary CDR

• 2006-2008 Engineering Design Phase,2006-2008 Engineering Design Phase, finalize Site Selectionfinalize Site Selection

• 2008-2012 Construction and First Light2008-2012 Construction and First Light

ProjectStatus

Estimated Construction Cost $100M (includes 1st light instrumentation)

Estimated cost of operations ~$5M/yr(excludes intrument upgrade and development)

Estimated cost of Instrument Upgrade & Development ~$1.5-2M/yr

Cumulative and Yearly Spending

$0.0

$20.0

$40.0

$60.0

$80.0

$100.0

$120.0

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Calendar Year

Do

llars

in M

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ATACAMA

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