Assembly Reforms France - Ms. McFarland's...
Transcript of Assembly Reforms France - Ms. McFarland's...
11/17/2014
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Monday, November 17, 2014
Take Out:
• HW!
– AKA Friday’s classwork
• Writing utensil
• Notes
Homework: Online – Revolution Brings Reform & Terror
Friday � Quiz! French Revolution
Today:
• The French Revolution
• Revolution Brings Reform & Terror
Revolution Brings Reform & Terror
Assembly Reforms France
• August 4, 1789 – action at the National
Assembly
• � Old Regime is dead
• Commoners = nobles = clergy = NO ESTATES
Assembly Reforms France
• Later in August, 1789:
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
Citizen
• � document declaring rights of man & key
ideas of the revolution
• “Men are born and remain free and equal in
rights.”
Assembly Reforms France
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
• Rights = “liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression”
• Guaranteed citizens: equal, justice, freedoms of speech and religion
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Assembly Reforms France
• Slogan of the Revolution:
• “Liberty,
Equality,
Fraternity”
Assembly Reforms France
• Assembly decides to take over
church land
• Sell land to pay off France’s
debt
Assembly Reforms France
• This means…
• Church taken under state
control
• � church officials work for
government
• Peasant reaction =
Assembly Reforms France
• This means…
• Church taken under state
control
• � church officials work for
government
• Peasant reaction = Angry!
Louis XVI & Family
• Louis XVI living in Paris with family
• June, 1791 – royal family tries to escape to Austrian Netherlands
• Captured and taken back to Paris
Divisions Grow in National Assembly
• Next 2 years: National Assembly argues over
constitution
• September, 1791 – Louis approves new gvt
• New gvt: Legislative Assembly
• � a constitutional monarchy
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• However: Old problems still remain (lack of food, government debt)
• Legislative Assembly splits into 3 groups over how to handle these problems
• � these groups arewithin the government
• Radicals: want major changes
• � on LEFT!
• Moderates: want some changes (nothing crazy)
• � MIDDLE!
• Conservatives: want no changes
• � on RIGHT!
• Legislative Assembly splits into 3 groups over
how to handle these problemsDivisions Grow
• Also groups outside of
government too
• Emigres: nobles and
others who had left France
• � want Old Regime back
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War & Terror
• Other countries in Europe worried
• � could revolution happen here?
War & Terror
• Austria and Prussia want Louis back as king
• April, 1792 � Legislative Assembly declares war
on Austria & Prussia
War & Terror
• By summer, 1792 � Prussian forces closing in on Paris
• Will destroy Paris if anything happensto royal family
• Threat angerspeople of Paris
War & Terror
• August 10, 1792 – 20,000 French men and
women invaded palace where royal family is
living
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War & Terror
• August 10, 1792 – 20,000 men and women
invaded palace where royal family is living
• Mob kills royal guards
• Takes Louis, Marie Antoinette, and children
prisoners
War & Terror• Rumors spread that prisoners plan to break
out and free King Louis
War & Terror
• “September Massacres”
• murder over 1,000 nobles, priests, and royal supporters
• Citizens in Paris angry and scared
• � respond by raiding prisons
Government Changes… Again• Legislative Assembly throws out constitution from
1791
• Fall, 1792: New government = National Convention
• � new election! New government!
Government Changes… Again
• New government = National Convention
• � new election! New government!
• France = now a Republic
(no more king & monarchy!)
• All adult male citizens can vote / hold office
– (but not women…)
French Revolution… So Far
1789 17991794
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Jacobins Take Control
• Jacobins: radical political organization
• - on LEFT!
• Most of people involved in changes in 1792
• Now take control of government
Jacobins Take Control• January 21, 1793 – King Louis XVI executed
– Ordered by Jacobins
Jacobins Take Control
• Maximilien Robespierre = Jacobin leader
• Head of Committee of
Public Safety
Jacobins Take Control
• “Reign of Terror” � period when Robespierre
controlled France
• 1793 – 1794
• Used the guillotine
to execute “enemies”
Reign of Terror• “Reign of Terror” � period when Robespierre
controlled France
• 1793 – 1794
- 40,000 executed
- 85% � peasants or
urban poor
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Reign of Terror Ends• Reign of Terror ends as people fear for their lives
July 28, 1794
– Robespierre sent to
the guillotine
Reign of Terror Ends• Reign of Terror ends � people fear for their lives
• Thermidorian Reaction
- radical revolution base
loses power
– More moderate,
central group takes over
LEFT – CENTER – RIGHT