Asphyxiation Training Material EIGA

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OXYGEN DEFICIENCY

ASPHYXIATION DANGER

29/10/02 Page 1EIGA

EIGA

AVENUE DES ARTS 3 5 B-1210 BRUSSELSPHONE +32 2 217 70 98 FAX + 32 2 219 85 14 E-mail : [email protected]

EIGA 2002 - EIGA grants permission to reproduce this publication provided the Association is acknowledged as the source


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DISCLAIMER

All technical publications ofEIGA or under EIGAs name, including Codes

of practice, Safety procedures and any other technical informationcontained in such publications were obtained from sources believed to be

re a e an are ase on tec n ca n ormat on an exper ence current y

available from members of EIGA and others at the date of their issuance.

While EIGA recommends reference to or use of its publications by itsmembers, such reference to or use of EIGAs publications by its members

or third parties are purely voluntary and not binding. Therefore, EIGA or its

members make no guarantee of the results and assume no liability or

respons y n connec on w e re erence o or use o n orma on or suggestions contained in EIGAs publications.

EIGA has no control whatsoever as regards, performance or non

performance, misinterpretation, proper or improper use of any information

or suggestions contained in EIGAs publications by any person or entity(including EIGA members) and EIGA expressly disclaims any liability in

connec on ere o.

EIGAs publications are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned

to obtain the latest edition.

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EIGA

EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL GASES ASSOCIATIONAVENUE DES ARTS 3 5 B-1210 BRUSSELS

PHONE +32 2 217 70 98 FAX + 32 2 219 85 14 E-mail : [email protected]


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A S IOUS HA AS IOUS HA AASPHYXIATION DANGER

A SERIOUS HAZARDSERIOUS HAZARDIt's a phenomenon SUDDEN

WITHOUT WARNING

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EIGA


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3 WEEKS WITHOUT FOOD3 DAYS WITHOUT DRINK

3 MINUTES WITHOUT BREATHING2 BREATHS WITHOUT OXYGEN

ENDANGER YOUR LIFEENDANGER YOUR LIFE

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IN CASE OF TOTAL OXYGEN DEFICIENCY

the blood suddenly loses its oxygen

SUDDEN O2 DEFICIENCYUDDEN O2 DEFICIENCYBLOOD

ATMOSPHERE

NORMAL CONDITIONORMAL CONDITIONBLOOD ATMOSPHERE

O2

CO2

O2

CO2

O2 contentin blood

O2 content

in blood

WITH 0% OXYGEN, THE SECOND BREATH WILL CAUSELOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS WITHOUT WARNINGITHOUT WARNING

WITHIN A FEW MINUTES,BRAIN DAMAGE MAY BE IRREVERSIBLERAIN DAMAGE MAY BE IRREVERSIBLE29/10/02 Page 5EIGAEIGA


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IN CASE OF PROGRESSIVE OXYGEN DEFICIENCYOxygen content is decreasing in bloodO P i2 content less than18%

Vertigoheadache

Progressiveasphyxiationreduction and loss ofconsciousness

These symptoms are similar to those of generalmalaise and are not recognised as asphyxiation by

headachespeech dif ficulties dulling of the mind

loss of muscle control

malaise and are not recognised as asphyxiation bythe victim (inert gases are odourless, colourless,tasteless)The victim tries to overcome this by himselfhe victim tries to overcome this by himself

THE VICTIM DOES NOT CALL FOR HELPHE VICTIM DOES NOT CALL FOR HELPOVER A CERTAIN THRESHOLD, THE VICTIM CAN'T REACTAN'T REACT :

THE LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS ISHE LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS ISSUDDENUDDEN29/10/02 Page 6EIGAEIGA


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In allll cases:THE VICTIM NEVEREVER REALISES THE RISK

With less than 6% of oxygen :ith less than 6% of oxygen :immediate loss of consciousnessmmediate loss of consciousness

If the Oxygen atmosphere deficiency is only between 100 and 188% :

THE VICTIM FEELS ONLY GENERAL MALAISEHE VICTIM FEELS ONLY GENERAL MALAISEHE VICTIM FEELS ONLY GENERAL MALAISEAND DOES NOT RELATE THISND DOES NOT RELATE THISND DOES NOT RELATE THISTO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATIONO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATIONO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATIONO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATIONO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATIONO THE ONSET OF ASPHYXIATION



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OXYGENOXYGEN IS ESSENTIAL FOR :

and BRAINBRAIN PROCESSESIf the blood fails in bringing oxygen:f the blood fails in bringing oxygen: Cells don't operate anymore Loss of consciousness

(paralysis, comatose state, ...)

.....



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AsphyxiationAsphyxiationis a phenomenon ...

INSIDIOUSINSIDIOUS

ASPHYXIATION DANGER

SUDDENSUDDEN WITHOUT WARNINGWITHOUT WARNING



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THE

OF

ASPHYXIATIONASPHYXIATION

may arise



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How can you identifya confined space ?confined space ?ASPHYXIATION DANGER

A confined spaceconfined space is a space which has anyany of

the following characteristics :

limited opening for entry and exitlimited opening for entry and exit

not designed for continuousnot designed for continuous

worker occupancyworker occupancy



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How can you identifya confined space ?confined space ?If ou are re uired to construct or work in a :

ASPHYXIATION DANGER

Boiler, cupola, degreaser, furnace, pipeline, pit,Boiler, cupola, degreaser, furnace, pipeline, pit,

pump ng s a on, reac on or process vesse ,pump ng s a on, reac on or process vesse ,septic tank, sewage digester, sewer, silo,septic tank, sewage digester, sewer, silo,

storage tank, ship's hold, utility vault, vat,storage tank, ship's hold, utility vault, vat, or

similar type of enclosure ...

You are working in a confined spaceYou are working in a confined space



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Attention !ttention !ASPHYXIATION DANGER

O deficient atmos heresdeficient atmos heres

can arisecan arise,,

when gases are stored orwhen gases are stored orusedused



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You must :ASPHYXIATION DANGERe aware o e r s ,

Always implement a safe system

of work before allowing people toenter

into a confined space



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You must :ASPHYXIATION DANGERMake operators aware of the risk

Implement a procedure to authorise the

accessWarn people of the danger, place signs at

entrances to areas where O2 deficiency

may arise

Develop and apply safety measures



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You must also :ASPHYXIATION DANGERDevelop and apply appropriate

ANDAND

Always monitor the oxygen content



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IN ALL CASES:IN ALL CASES:

PLACE SIGNSTO WARN OFO WARN OFTHE DANGERSPHYXIATION DANGER

TO ALERT THE OPERATORSI f b t th i knform about the riskTrain in the methodrain in the methodto detect the danger



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RESCUE

Rescuers must be trained in and follow

ASPHYXIATION DANGER

established emergency procedures and

use appropriate equipment and techniques

drills should be conducted frequentlyon emergency procedures

emem eremem er :

an unplanned rescue will probably be your last



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KEY WORD :KEY WORD :

When you design a gas installationWhen you install and commission a gashen you install and commission a gasinstallationWh k i t ll tihen you work on a gas installationBefore acting in an emergency or abnormal eventBefore reacting to any accident or incident



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MISTAKES IN GAS USE :Preventive measuresRESPECT PRODUCT SPECIFIC

Preventive measuresCONNECTIONS designed to segregateproduct

IDENTIFY PIPESusers : a e y a a s ee s,

safety notices

NEVER IMPROVISE REPAIRS oninstallations29/10/02 Page 20EIGAEIGA


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MISTAKES IN GAS USE :Preventive measuresreventive measuresALWAYS CHECK WHERE GAS RELEASES WILL GO:

the cold vapour from cryogenic liquids vent exhausts the outlets of safety valves and rupture discs

VERIFY periodically the extraction efficiencyInstall, if necessary, an ANALYSER with alarmVENT rooms where liquid gases are utilised or storedENT rooms where liquid gases are utilised or stored



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SPACES WHERE INERTING IS CARRIED OUTPACES WHERE INERTING IS CARRIED OUT : to protect a product, orSPACES WHERE INERTING IS CARRIED OUTPACES WHERE INERTING IS CARRIED OUT : to protect a product, oro protect a product, or to allow work, such as weldingto protect a product, or to allow work, such as welding

EXPLAIN ASPHYXIATION DANGERXPLAIN ASPHYXIATION DANGERCREATE A PROCEDURE TO ENTER : WORK PERMITORK PERMITPREPARE FOR EMERGENCIES with appropriateequipment :

self contained breathing apparatuself contained breathing apparatus oxygen meter safety harness ropesi h winchTRAIN PEOPLE to verify the equipment &procedures before issuing the permit ASPHYXIATION DANGER



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MEASURES FOR ENTERING A CONFINED SPACEEASURES FOR ENTERING A CONFINED SPACEBefore entering : assess risks and

MEASURES FOR ENTERING A CONFINED SPACEEASURES FOR ENTERING A CONFINED SPACEBefore entering : assess risks andconsequences to yourself and otheronsequences to yourself and other

; Pipe vents to a safearea; Look for leaks

; Any noise indicatinga possible leakAbnormal fluid flow; Do not rely on a closed

valve which may leak; Always use physical

Abnormal fluid flow

isolation methods, e.g.blind flanges29/10/02 Page 23EIGAEIGA


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CONCLUSION:CONCLUSION If you hear a gas leak, If you see cold vapours,

ASPHYXIATION DANGER

If you have symptoms of generalmalaise, If a colleague lies unconsciousf a colleague lies unconscious

CONSIDERCONSIDER IMPLEMENTIMPLEMENTLEAVELEAVEthethe

ASPHYXIATIONASPHYXIATION

thethe

APPROPRIATEAPPROPRIATE

thethe

DANGERDANGER


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