8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

1/36

Introduction of Dr Verghese Kurien

Born on november 26, 1921, in kozikhode, kerala.

Dr. Verghese Kurien graduated with Physics from Loyola College, Madras in 1940.

Subsequently, he did his B.E.(Mechanical) from the Madras University

After that he went to USA on a government scholarship to do his Masters in

Mechanical Engineering from Michigan State University.

In between, he completed special studies in engineering at the Tata Iron and Steel

Company Institute at Jamshedpur, Bihar.

in February 1946 he underwent nine months of specialized training in dairyengineering at the National Dairy Research Institute of Bangalore.

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

2/36

Profile of Dr Verghese Kurien

Background

In India, around two-thirds of the population is involved in agriculture. Most are small

farmers, and many work on other people's land. Even these landless laborers, however,

keep a few buffalo or cattle to produce milk. In the late 1940s and earlier, private dairies,

middlemen, and inefficient collection and distribution systems resulted in milk of varying

quality being erratically available across the country, often at high prices to consumers

but with little profit for the producers.

Personal life

Kurien belongs to the Syrian Christian community of India. He married his neighbor's

daughter Molly. Molly was a gracious host and Dr Kurien's house used to serve as a guest

house in Anand for the visiting dignitaries .He has one daughter Nirmala Kurien and a

grandson, Siddharth.

Early Years, Education, and Career

Dr. Kurien was born on November 26, 1921, in Kerala, India. He received a Bachelor of

Science degree from Madras University in 1940 and went on to receive a Bachelor of

Mechanical Engineering from the same university in 1943. He received a Master of

Science and Mechanical Engineering degree with distinction from Michigan State

University in 1948 while on a government scholarship. He also completed special studies

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

3/36

in engineering at the Tata Iron and Steel Company Institute at Jamshedpur, Bihar, in 1946

and did nine months of specialized training in dairy engineering at the National Dairy

Research Institute of Bangalore.

With his extensive background in mechanical engineering, Dr. Kurien began work for

the Dairy Department of the Government of India as a dairy engineer in Anand, Gujarat

at the Government Research Creamery in 1949.

In 1965, Dr. Kurien was named chairman of the National Dairy Development Board

(NDDB). While serving as chairman, he developed a dairy program known as

Operation Flood. He continued serving in this position until his retirement in 1998.

In 1973, Dr. Kurien set up the Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation

(GCMMF) to market the products produced by the Indian dairies (Amul brand) and

served as member and chairman until his resignation in 2006.

Founder of Dairy Cooperative System in India

The cornerstone of Dr. Kurien's endeavors is the individual dairy producer. In

collaboration with farmers, cooperative managers, and public officials, Dr. Kurien

successfully established the dairy program known across India as "Operation Flood that,

between 1970 and 1996, allowed dairy farmers to own and operate milk production,

processing, and marketing for the urban areas around the country.

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

4/36

Dr. Kurien used his experience to work with the manager of the local Kaira District

Cooperative Milk Producers Union to build an in-house processing plant and organize

the cooperative to handle its own marketing directly to consumers.

After years of initial struggle, the cooperative began to produce dramatic results,

involving over two million farmers. This led to the birth of Amul, the largest food product

business in India. Based on the cooperatives successes, Prime Minister Shri Lal Bahadur

Shastri created the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) in 1965 to replicate the

model nationally. The Prime Minister cited Dr. Kurien's "extraordinary and dynamic

leadership" upon naming him chairman.

When Operation Flood began in 1970, total annual milk procurement was only 190,000

tons, with 278,000 farmers involved in the program. By 1998, at the time of Dr Kuriens

retirement as chairman, the NDDBs programs involved more than ten million dairy

producers in 81,000 cooperatives, supplying almost five million tons of milk annually to

over 1,000 cities and towns throughout the country. Reaching nearly 250 million people,

Operation Flood was the largest agricultural development program in the world. India

emerged as the largest producer of milk in the world in 1998, surpassing the United

States.

During the last 40 years, India's annual milk production has increased from 23.3 million

tons (1968-69) to 100.9 million tons (2006-07) and is projected to reach 113 million tons

for 2010-2011. The NBBD hopes to raise milk production to180 million tons by 2021-

2022. Daily per capita milk consumption in India has more than doubled from a low of

107 grams in 1970 to over 230 grams; the countrys dairy supply has been growing about

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

5/36

4 percent annually, while the population has been growing by less than 2 percent, thus

increasing the per capita availability of dietary proteins, especially in areas identified as

suffering from nutritional deficits.

As a result of Dr. Kuriens leadership, domestic milk prices have stabilized, India's towns

and cities now receive an adequate supply of hygienic milk, and the 12 million small

farmers and landless laborers who make up the majority of dairy cooperative membership

now have a regular source of income. In addition, 95 percent of the equipment used in

NBBD cooperatives is domestically produced.

Despite these achievements, perhaps Dr. Kuriens greatest contribution with Operation

Flood was to put the farmer in command as the owner of his or her own cooperative a

pivotal factor in the programs success. "These cooperatives created a grassroots

foundation underpinning India's democracy," said Lalit Mansingh, Charge d'Affaires for

the Embassy of India in the United States. Endowed with decision-making capacities,

some leaders in cooperative-member communities have built facilities like libraries and

healthcare centers with their profits. The success of the Operation Flood management

model led to its application to other commodities. Fruits and vegetables are now produced

and marketed through a cooperative system involving a network of over 250 farmer-

owned retail stores in Delhi.

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

6/36

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

7/36

"Without effective methods of distribution, food has no way of reaching the tables of the

world's population," Dr. Borlaug said upon conferring the 1989 World Food Prize on Dr.

Kurien. With almost 60 years of dedication to improving the practice and teaching of

effective food distribution, Dr. Kurien educated and inspired food producers around the

world.

Verghese Kurien (born November 26, 1921 at Kozhikode, Kerala) is the founder of the

Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF), an apex cooperative

organization that manages the Amul food brand. He is recognised as the man behind the

success of the Amul brand. Amul had a revenue of $1b USD in 2006-07.

He is credited with being the architect of Operation Flood -- the largest dairy

development program in the world. Kurien helped modernise Anand model of

cooperative dairy development and thus engineered the White Revolution in India, and

made India the largest milk producer in the world.

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

8/36

Dr Verghese Kurien and his Contribution

Inception of Amul

About some 100 kms from Ahmedabad lies a small city named Anand. The city is known

as the Milk Capital of India due to presence of the famous Amul Dairy there. Amul one

of the most famous Dairy brands of our country came into existence in 1946. During that

time there was only one dairy in the district of Anand and in Gujarat known as Polson

Dairy which had been established in 1930. Polson Dairy was providing superior quality

dairy products to up-market consumers. However it was involved in the exploitation of

Indian farmers by not providing sufficient amount to them for milk and also not allowing

them to sell milk to other vendors. Indian national leader Sardar Patel along with agitated

farmers of that area initiated a non-cooperation movement against this process in the year

1946 and this lead to the foundation of Amul on 14 th December 1946. Initially it supplied

milk and other dairy products without any formalized distribution network or any supply

chain in place. The brand name Amul had not been adopted at that time and it was called

KDCMPUL (Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers union Limited). It started

initially with two dairy co-operative societies and 247 liters of milk only.

Dr. Verghese Kurien and Amul

It was on 13 th May 1949, a young engineer who had just completed his Masters Degree in

Dairy Engineering arrived at Anand to serve the bond period against the government

scholarship for his education. His name was Mr. Verghese Kurien, later to be known to

the whole world as Dr. Verghese Kurien. At the start of it all, he served there just to

complete his required period and was ready to leave Amul after that but he was persuaded

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

9/36

to stay back at Amul by Mr. Tribhuvandas Patel the founder of KDCMPUL. He along

with Mr. Patel started developing co-operatives in the Kheda district. The role of co-

operatives was to procure the milk from the farmers and to pay the farmers their

appropriate amount according to the quality of milk. Further detailed operation cycle of

the co-operatives is explained in the following section. Mr. Kurien however wanted to

give KDCMPUL a unique name which could be easily pronounced by all and which

could also help in growth of the union. Suggestions were asked from various employees

and farmers for an appropriate name. Soon, a quality control supervisor recommended the

name Amulya which is derived from a Sanskrit word meaning priceless and implies

unmatchable excellence. The name was modified to Amul to make the union also a part

of this name and hence brand AMUL- Anand Milk Union Limited, came into existence.

Operation of Co-operative Model

Amul formed several co-operative societies for a group of villages. These co-operative

societies had the task of collecting milk from the village farmers twice a day. The

payment was made to the farmers according to the fat content in the milk. Sufficient steps

(such as standard fat measurement machine, surprise checks, educating farmers etc.) were

taken to prevent malpractices and enhance the overall process. These milk cans were

then transferred to nearby Milk Chiller Unit on the same day. It was kept in storage there

for few hours then they were transferred for the pasteurization and finally to the cooling

and packaging unit. After that milk was delivered to the wholesale distributor and then to

the retailers and finally to the consumer thus following two-level distribution marketing

channel. The upstream supply chain was entirely designed by Dr. Kurien and Mr.

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

10/36

Tribhuvandas Patel as a result of which the co-operative mechanism kept getting better

and by the end of 1960 Amul had become a success story in Gujarat.

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

11/36

Dr. Verghese Kurien - Father of the Milk Revolution of India

Dr. Verghese Kurien, the father of the milk revolution or the white revolution of India, is

fondly remembered for playing a pivotal role in making India the world leader in milk

production. It is just 1 year since he passed away at the age of 91 years on September 9,

2012. He was born in Kozhikode, Kerala in 1921. He has won the World Food Prize, the

Padma Vibhushan and the Ramon Magasay Award.

Dr. Verghese Kurien spearheaded Operation Flood which led to India becoming the

leading nation in milk production and beat the USA in 1998. Due to Operation Flood,

India which was earlier struggling to provide milk for its own people became self-

sufficient for the first time in the production of milk and dairy-related products. Within

two decades, India transformed itself from a milk importer to a milk and dairy products

exporter. His name is synonymous with Amul, but apart from Amul, he established

approximately 30 institutions like the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB),

Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA) and Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing

Federation (GCMMF).

Dr. Verghese Kurien was mentored by Tribhuvandas Patel who shared the Ramon

Magasay Award with him and was the brainchild behind forming cooperatives for dairy

farming. Under the dynamic leadership of Dr. Verghese Kurien, the cooperative model of

dairy farming spread to many Gujarati districts and was then adopted all over India and

even spread abroad. Buffalo milk which is in abundance in India was used instead of

cows milk for making skimmed and condensed milk which helped the Amul brand

compete with brands like Nestle. Technological support and know-how was provided to

local dairy farmers and the cooperative movement also empowered women to be dairy

entrepreneurs. Dr. Verghese Kurien was thus heralded as the milkman of India and

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

12/36

helped in mitigating poverty due to the empowering dairy farming cooperative

movement. The ironic aspect of Dr. Verghese Kurien being the milkman of India was

that Dr. Kurien did not drink milk.

Fig 1. Flow Diagram of Amul Co-operatives Operation

Operation Flood The white Revolution

The year was 1964 when our Prime Minister Mr. Lal Bahadur Shastri was invited to

Anand to inaugurate the new cattle-feed plant of Amul. He was supposed to return

back by end of the day but after reaching Anand he insisted to stay there to learn

about the success of the co-operatives. He visited almost all the co-operatives with Dr.

Kurien and was impressed with the process with which Amul was sourcing the milk

from farmers and at the same time helping them to improve their economic condition.

Later, he returned to Delhi and asked Dr. Kurien to replicate the Amul pattern across

the country. The combined effort resulted in creation of the National Dairy

Development Board (NDDB) in the year 1965. Dr. Kurien took charge of NDDB and

began the herculean task of replicating the overall pattern of the working at Anand to

other parts of the country. By this time the demand for milk was growing at a faster

rate than the supply of milk. India could have easily become the largest importer of

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

13/36

milk like Sri Lanka were, had sufficient steps not been taken at that time by the Indian

government and NDDB. Money was the biggest problem faced by NDDB during that

period and was a critical resource needed to revolutionize the milk industry. To deal

with it, NDDB tried to pursue World Bank for loans and other grants with no

conditions at all. When the President of World Bank came to India in 1969, Dr.

Kurien told him Give me money and forget about it. A few days later, World

Bank approved the loan for NDDB without even a single condition. This help was

part of an operation, later known as Operation Flood which was done to replicate

the Anand working pattern across India. Operation Flood was subsequently

implemented in India in three phases adding around 0.1 million co-operatives and 5

million milk producers. Dr. Kurien also took several other measures such as

developing milk powder, developing several varieties of dairy products, emphasis on

the health of cattle and development of vaccines etc. In 1973, he also set up GCMMF

(Gujarat co-operative milk marketing federation) an individual marketing unit of

Amul to sell the Amul as a brand in India as well as abroad. He also founded IRMA

Institute of Rural Management Anand in 1979, to pass on the gained knowledge to

future generations and to place rural India on the front map.

As a result of these combined efforts, Amul currently boasts of 15 million milk

producers pouring their milk in 1,44,246 dairy co-operative societies across the

country a huge chain that has resulted in us being the largest milk producing

country today.

This has been the story of a young engineer who was born in Calicut and was later

known as the father of White Revolution and was honored with some of the most

prestigious Government awards like Padma Vibhushan, Ramon Magsaysay and

Krushi Ratna etc. He took his last breath on 9 thDecember 2012 but he will always be

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

14/36

remembered for his immense contribution to the farmers, to the Amul Brand and to

the millions of consumers of dairy products.

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

15/36

Inspirational Leadership & Qualities

Leadership

Father of the white revolution in india.

Architect behind the success of the largest dairy development programe in the world.

Chairman of the gujarat co-operative milk marketing federation ltd. (gcmmf).

His name was synonymous with the amul brand.

Under dr. Kurien's stewardship india became the as the largest producer of milk in the

world.

Kurien was committed to promoting cooperatives to empower the indian farmer.

Dr. Norman borlaug has called him one of the worlds great agricultural leaders of

this century.

Qualities

Clarity of vision and ability to share it with others .

Real passion and pride in what they believe .

Ability to inspire and motivate others

Willingness to take (calculated) risks

Lateral thinking and ability to find innovative ideas and solutions to problems.

Positive attitude at all times and an innate ability to be diplomatic in any

circumstances

Respect for all (team members, temps, customers, suppliers and directors alike)

Committed to making a significant difference

Clear standards of ethics and integrity; openness and honesty

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

16/36

Ability to drive, inspire and embrace change and continuous improvement

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

17/36

Father of White Revolution Passes Away

Dr. Verghese Kurien, the Father of the White Revolution, passed away in the early hours

of today, after a brief illness. He was 91 years old. He is survived by his wife, Molly

Kurien, daughter Nirmala and grandson, Siddharth.

Dr. Kurien, was the architect of India';s White Revolution, which helped India emerge as

the largest milk producer in the world. Founder Chairman of the National Dairy

Development Board (NDDB) from 1965 to 1998, the Gujarat Co-operative Milk

Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), from 1973 to 2006 and the Institute of Rural

Management (IRMA) from 1979 to 2006, his professional life has been dedicated to

empowering the Indian farmers through co-operatives. Dr. Kurien has helped to lay the

foundation of democratic enterprises at the grass roots. He believed that by placing

technology and professional management in the hands of the farmers, the standard of

living of millions of our poor people can be improved.

The cooperative movement, he helped to create became a model not only for India, but

for developing countries throughout the world. The Operation Flood Programme, of

which Milk Producers'; Cooperatives were the central plank, emerged as India';s largest

rural employment programme and unleashed the larger dimension of dairy development.

Dr. Kurien was the undisputed 'Milkman'; of India. Born on November 26, 1921 at

Kozhikode, Kerala, he graduated in Science from the Loyola College in 1940 and

obtained hisdegree in Engineering from the Guindy College of Engineering in Chennai.

After a stint at TISCO, Jamshedpur, he obtained the Govt. of India';s scholarship to study

Dairy Engineering. After some specialized training at the Imperial Institute of Animal

Husbandry & Dairying, Bangalore, he left for the United States where he completed his

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

18/36

Masters degree in Mechanical Engineering with Dairy Engineering as a minor subject

from the Michigan State University in 1948.

Upon his return to India, Dr. Kurien was assigned to a Government Creamery located at

Anand in Gujarat to serve his bond period. He arrived in Anand on Friday, the 13th May

1949. His only intention at that time was to obtain a release from his bond and get out of

Anand as quickly as possible. At the end of 1949, when he got release orders from his job

from the Government Creamery, he was all set and eager to pack off to Mumbai. Shri

Tribhuvandas Patel, the then Chairman of Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers

Union (popularly known as Amul), with whom Kurien had developed a friendship

requested him to stay on in Anand for some more time and help him put his co-operative

society';s dairy equipment together. Kurien decided to stay back for a few more days and

stayed there forever.

His forced tenure at Anand changed the destiny of Indian Dairy industry. He started

helping the fledgling dairy co-operative. The rest is history.

The first Dairy Co-operative Union in Gujarat was formed in 1946 with 2 Village Dairy

Co-operative societies as its members. The number of member societies has now

increased to 16,100, with 3.2 million members pouring milk every day- twice a day.

Today, the Billion Dollar GCMMF has emerged as the India';s largest integrated dairy

products manufacturing and marketing organization. NDDB, formed by the efforts of Dr.

Kurien ensured replication of Amul Model across India. Thereby, it played an

instrumental role in increasing the milk production of India significantly. India';s milk

procurement has increased from 20 million metric tonnes per year in the 60s to 122

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

19/36

million metric tonnes in 2011.

His work has received tremendous national and international recognition. The Govt. of

India conferred on him the "Padma Vibhushan", the second highest honour in the land

next only to Bharat Ratna. He is also the recipient of the World Food Price, the Ramon

Magsaysay award for Community Leadership, the Carnegie - Wateler World Peace Prize

and the International Person of the Year award from the U.S.

Dr. Kurien';s main contribution has been in designing of systems and institutions, which

enable people to develop themselves, as he believed the development of man can best be

achieved by putting in his hands the instruments of development. He believed that the

greatest assets of this country, were its people and he dedicated his life to the task of

harnessing the power of the people in a manner which promoted their larger interests.

Tribute by GCMMF Chairman :

Paying respectful homage to Dr V Kurien, Shri Vipul Chaudhary,Chairman,GCMMF said

" Dr. Kurien was the Father of the White Revolution. Dr Kurien guided the dairy co

operative movement in India and brought social and economic development in the lives

of milk producers of the country. Dr Kurien was always an advisor and mentor of milk

producers. Due to the efforts of the farmers of Kaira district and Gujarat, Amul brand has

emerged as the undisputed force to reckon with. Dr Kurien always dreamt that "Amul"

brand should be associated with all milk producers'; across India. He also wanted that

Amul brand in real sense should become the "Taste of India" when it is associated with

all India milk producers. We are committed to fulfilling his dream. This will be the real

tribute to Dr Kurien.".

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

20/36

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

21/36

Brands under his name

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

22/36

Some Quote of Dr Verghese Kurien

On milk pricing

"I am supposed to exploit the consumer; and I will (exploit them), but not in a way that

will create resentment. I have to milk the consumer. And milk them I will, but gently."

Farmer power

"What you need is good management with farmer power. Good management gives this

power the right direction and thrust. Nothing can stop the farmers then. Least of all the

MNCs."

To Nestle

"So, Mr Kreeber, what do you think of the natives now?" Kurien told a Nestle official

who had come to do business with farmers of Anand. The company had earlier refused

technology help to India as it could not let "natives handle a sensitive commodity like

milk ".

Emotional moment

"I could not go, when he (Tribhuvandas Patel) said Anand needs you." -Recounting a

turning point in his career

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

23/36

On Amul

"Who told you there is one Amul? There are more than 175 Amuls across various districts

(in Gujarat)."

Why cooperative model is must for milk

"Milk is the only commodity which has to be collected twice a day, every day of the year.

Thus, cooperatives are the only logical system for the dairy industry. About 85% of the

industry in the US, Denmark and Australia is run by cooperatives. No other system will

work for milk."

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

24/36

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

25/36

Turn Over of Amul

Members:

13 district cooperative milk producers' Union

No. of Producer Members:

2.79 million

No. of Village Societies:

13,328

Total Milk handling capacity:

11.22 million litres per day

Milk collection (Total - 2008-09):

3.05 billion litres

Milk collection (Daily Average 2008-09):

8.4 million litres

Milk Drying Capacity:

626 Mts. per day

Cattlefeed manufacturing Capacity:

3500 Mts per day

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

26/36

SWOT Analysis of Amul

Strengths

1. Creative advertising campaigns through print ads and TVCs

2.High brand presence and availability through retail and local stores

3.High visibility of the product with BTL marketing

4.Excellent product quality and trusted name

Weakness

1. Limited international and rural presence

2. Lot of competitors in the segment means limited market share

Oppurtunities

1. Smaller packages for instant consumption

2.No frills packaging for rural customers at lower cost

3. Newer tastes/varieties

4.Tieup with restaurants/food chains/pizza parlors

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

27/36

Threats

1. Growing market share of other players

2. Entry of other international or local players

3. Decline in consumption by health conscious people

Competitors

1. Britannia Cheese

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

28/36

Questionnaire

Name

Contact No. (Optional)..

Gender: Male/Female.

Staying: Single / With family.

Age: 10-24 25-39 40-54 55- and above

Occupation: Student Businessmen Serviceman

1. Do you consume milk & milk product? Yes No

2. What is your frequency of buying milk & milk products?

Daily Once in 2-3 days .

3. What would be your daily purchase of milk and milk products?

Less than 1lt/1kg 1 to 2 ltr/kg 2 to 4 lt/kg more than 4 ltr/kg

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

29/36

4. You buy:

Branded milk products Unbranded milk products

5. If you buy unbranded milk products then what kind of purchase you make

Packed Loose

6. If your preferred brand is not available, will you purchase Amul products?

Yes No

7. How many products of Amul you are aware of?

1 to 5 6 to 15 16 and above All 43 products

8. Do you buy Amul products?

Yes No

9. How will you rate Amul?

Good Better Best

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

30/36

10.How will you rate the performance of Amul Products?

Satisfied Unsatisfied

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

31/36

Conclusion to Questionnaire

1. Do you consume milk & milk product?

2. What is your frequency of buying milk & milk products?

3. What would be your daily purchase of milk and milk products?

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

32/36

4. You buy

5. If you buy unbranded milk products then what kind of purchase you make?

6. If your preferred brand is not available, will you purchase Amul products?

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

33/36

7. How many products of Amul you are aware of?

8.Do you buy Amul products?

9. How will you rate Amul?

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

34/36

10.How will you rate the performance of Amul Products?

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

35/36

Conclusion

This project have lead me to a conclusion that how a person can become a successful

person if he/she work with his full dedication. He/She should belives in dynamic

corporate culture. they favour creativity, in decision making . emphases is placed

onrelevant data and gut feel to make decision . He/She may have a flat and flexible

organizational structure

8/12/2019 Ash Rahul

36/36

Bibliography

http://www.amul.com/m/dr-v-kurien

http://www.amul.com/m/about-us

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-

10/news/33737197_1_verghese-kurien-tribhuvandas-patel-amuls

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-

10/news/33737195_1_verghese-kurien-white-revolution-amul

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-09-

10/news/33736954_1_verghese-kurien-nddb-amul-model http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-09/india/33713380_1_amul-

dairy-tribhuvandas-patel-father-of-white-revolution-verghese-kurien