Artificial Intelligence

What is AI?

• Turing’s definition

• Are we there yet?

• Eliza (the original)

• Alice

• Joan

My Definition

Artificial intelligence is the study of how to make computers do things that people are better at or would be better at if:

• they could extend what they do to a World Wide Web-sized amount of data and

• not make mistakes.

The Key Components

• Perception

• Knowledge

• Reasoning

• Language

• Moving around

We’re Still Ahead on Perception

http://www.captcha.net/

But What About Knowledge?

• Why do we need it?

• How can we represent it and use it?

• How can we acquire it?

Find me stuff about dogs who save people’s lives.

But What About Knowledge?

• Why do we need it?

• How can we represent it and use it?

• How can we acquire it?

Find me stuff about dogs who save people’s lives.

Two beagles spot a fire. Their barking alerts neighbors, who call 911.

Even Children Know a Lot

A story described in Charniak (1972):

Jane was invited to Jack’s birthday party. She wondered if he would like a kite. She went into her room and shook her piggy bank. It made no sound.

Distributed Knowledge Acquisition

• Acquiring knowledge for use by people

• Oxford English Dictionary (http://oed.com/about/contributors/ )

• Wikipedia

• Acquiring knowledge for use by programs

• ESP (http://www.espgame.org/)

• Open Mind (http://commons.media.mit.edu:3000/)

• CYC (http://www.cyc.com)

Language Processing Today

• WikiAnswers

• Newsblaster

Machine Translation

A day after launching a huge operation that ignited heavy fighting in two of Iraq’s largest cities, Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki gave the Shiite militias controlling the southern oil city of Basra an ultimatum on Wednesday: lay down their weapons within 72 hours or face more severe consequences.

Un día después de lanzar una gran operación que encendió una fuerte lucha en dos de las ciudades más grandes de Iraq, el Primer Ministro Nuri Kamal al-Maliki dio el control de las milicias chiítas del sur de la ciudad petrolera de Basora el miércoles un ultimátum: depongan las armas dentro de las 72 horas O se enfrentan a consecuencias más graves.

A day after launching a major operation that sparked a strong fight in two of the largest cities in Iraq, Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki gave control of the Shiite militias in the south of the oil city of Basra on Wednesday an ultimatum : lay down their weapons within 72 hours or face more serious consequences.

Machine Translation

I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I announced my name.

Acabo de regresar de una visita a mi dueño - el solitario vecino que se turbe con. Este es sin duda un hermoso país! En Inglaterra todos, no creo que yo podría haber fijado sobre una situación tan completamente eliminado de la conmoción de la sociedad. Un perfecto misanthropist del cielo: y el señor Heathcliff y yo somos una pareja adecuada para dividir a la desolación entre nosotros. Una capital compañeros! Él poco imaginar cómo mi corazón calentado hacia él cuando vi sus ojos negro retirar de manera sospechosamente bajo sus cejas, como me montaron a, y cuando sus dedos protegido a sí mismos, con un celoso de resolución, aún más lejos en su chaleco, como ya he anunciado mi nombre .

Machine Translation

I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I announced my name.

I have just returned from a visit to my landlord - the lonely neighbor who was troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In England all, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the commotion of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr. Heathcliff and I are a couple appropriate to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He just imagine how my heart warmed to him when I saw his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still further in his waistcoat, as I have already announced my name.

Machine Translation

I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I announced my name.

我剛剛訪問歸來，我的房東 - 孤獨的鄰居說，我會深感焦慮。這當然是一個美麗的國家！在所有英格蘭，我不相信我能對固定的情況下，所以完全清除出轟動的社 會。一個完美的 misanthropist 的天堂：議員及 heathcliff 和我是這樣一個合適的一雙分裂荒涼我們之間。資本同胞！他沒有想到，怎麼我 的心回暖，對他的，當我看到他的眼眶黑黑的撤回，所以，形跡可疑，根據他們的眉型，我就騎上了，而當他的手指庇護自己，一個嫉妒的決議，仍然遠在他的背 心，我宣布我的名字。

Machine Translation

I have just returned from a visit to my landlord--the solitary neighbour that I shall be troubled with. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I could have fixed on a situation so completely removed from the stir of society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: and Mr Heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair to divide the desolation between us. A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still farther in his waistcoat, as I announced my name.

I have just returned to my landlord - lonely neighbors said, I will deeply anxiety. This is certainly a beautiful country! In all England, I do not believe that I can to fixed circumstances, so completely removed from the sensational society. A perfect misanthropist's heaven: Members and heathcliff and I are such a suitable pair split the desolation between us. Capital compatriots! He did not expect, how my heart warmed up to him, when I saw his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously, on their own looking brows, I ride, but when his fingers sheltered themselves, a jealous resolution, still far in his vest, I announced my name.

Language Requires Knowledge

• Beijing Stops Construction for Olympics

Language Requires Knowledge

• Beijing Stops Construction for Olympics

• Hospital Pays $100,000 to Overdose Victim’s Family

Rossum’s Universal Robots

A play by Karel Čapek, 1920

The Three Laws of Robotics

1942

The Three Laws of Robotics

• A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.

• A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.

• A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

Household Robots

Exploiting Household Robots

• Create free time.

• Increase birth rate?

Industrial Robots

Factory Automation

http://videos.streetfire.net/video/82D220A1-BAB7-4BAA-AD46-72209AD5F6F3.htm

An Unpleasant Task

http://www.kuka.com/usa/en/solutions/solutions_search/L_R232_Robot_optimizes_cutting_of_pork_sides.htm

Robotic Surgery

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sS4hRxxKQlk

An aside on the da Vinci system: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5997080660276538391

Hominoid (or Animoid) Robots

Aibo

1999 Sony’s Aibo pet dog

What Can You Do with an Aibo?

1997 – First official Rob-Cup soccer match

Picture from 2003 competition

Big Dog

Boston Dynamics: http://www.bdi.com/content/sec.php?section=BigDog A shorter video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4lenvylxvkk&feature=related

Cog

http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-robotics-group/

1998 – now Cog

Humanoid intelligence requires humanoid interactions with the world.

Kismet

http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/kismet/affectSpeech_web.mov

http://www.iwaswondering.org/cynthia_video.html

Einstein

http://www.calit2.net/newsroom/release.php?id=1469

Fashion Model

http://www.pinktentacle.com/2009/03/video-hrp-4c-fashion-model-robot/

HRP-4C

QRIO

http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4845.html

Dancing: http://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2003/1218/sony_06.wmv

Rapping: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-1UJA94Hwgs

Kotaro

http://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~ikuo/kotaro/index-e.html

2005

Asimo

http://world.honda.com/HDTV/ASIMO/200712-press-demo/

2005

Wakamaru

http://www.mhi.co.jp/kobe/wakamaru/english/about/index.html

Elder Care

Nursebot

http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~nursebot/web/video.html

Bathbot

http://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/05/international/asia/05JAPA.html?ex=1393822800&en=eb854fe2a4e6c9bd&ei=5007&partner=USERLAND

Helping Yourself

Paro

http://paro.jp/english/index.html

Moving Around

Pioneer

http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/projects/pioneer/

At the Chernobyl power plant.

Military Missions

http://www.irobot.com/sp.cfm?pageid=109

Robots at war

Sandstorm

March 13, 2004 - A DARPA Grand Challenge: an unmanned offroad race, 142 miles from Barstow to Las Vegas.

http://www.redteamracing.org/

The 2005 Course

Stanley – the Winner

Completed the course in 6 hours, 53 minutes.

The 2007 Urban Grand Challenge

Autonomous ground vehicles must safely complete a 60-mile urban area course in fewer than six hours. First prize is $2 million, second prize is $500,000 and third prize is $250,000. To succeed, vehicles must autonomously obey traffic laws while merging into moving traffic, navigating traffic circles, negotiating busy intersections and avoiding obstacles.

The 2007 Urban Grand Challenge

Some Videos

• The Final race• CMU wins (déjà vu)• An accident• A Prius misbehaves

What Do You Trust?

Autonomous intersection management

Interacting with Us

http://tweenbots.com/

How Much Compute Power Does it Take?

From Hans Moravec, Robot Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind 1998.

How Much Compute Power is There?

Hans Moravec: http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~hpm/talks/revo.slides/power.aug.curve/power.aug.gif

The Singularity

It won’t stop just when the robots get as smart as we are.

The Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence

The Singularity

I am the Very Model of a Singularitarian