Articles, Ethical Standard, and Manuscript
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Articles, Ethical Standart, and Manuscript
Carrine Kezia Aulia :: 102183022
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OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Type of Articles
• Ethical and Legal Standards
• Manuscript Structure and Content
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INTRODUCTION
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CHARACTERISTIC
• Represent research not previously published
• Reviewed by peers
• Archival / retrievable for future reference
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JOURNAL ARTICLES
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TYPE OF ARTICLES
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TYPES OF ARTICLES
• Empirical Studies
• Literature Reviews
• Theoretical Articles
• Methodological Articles
• Case Studies
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EMPIRICAL STUDIESresearch article
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EMPIRICAL STUDIESresearch article
• Original research
Analysis that test hypotheses by presenting analysis of data not considered or addressed in previous reports.
Our study dealt with
… My research Is focused on
…
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EMPIRICAL STUDIES
The stages in research process :
1. introduction : development, historical antecedents, purpose
2.method : procedures used to conduct investigation
3. result : findings and analyses
4.discussion : summary, interpretation, implication
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EMPIRICAL STUDIES
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EMPIRICAL STUDIES
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LITERATURE REVIEW
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LITERATURE REVIEW
• Critical evaluation -> has been published
These researchers found this … These
researchers found that..
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LITERATURE REVIEW
The stages in literature review:
1.define the problem
2.summarize previous investigation
3. identify relations, contradiction, gaps, inconsistencies
4.suggest next step
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WHAT IS META ANALYSES
Quantitative approach for
systematically combining results of
previous research to
arrive at conclusions about the body of research
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Quantitative = Number
systematically = Methodical
combining = Putting together
previous research = What’s already done
conclusions = New knowledge
WHAT DOES IT MEANS?
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WHAT DOES IT MEANS?• The popularity of Meta Analyses
publications
0
500
1000
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93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 2000-1 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4
Year of Publications
Nu
mb
er
of
Pu
blic
ati
on
s
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WHY USE META-ANALYSIS?• Guide to answer a question
• Provide a systematic overview of quantitative research
• Combine all the research on one topic into large study with many participants
• Analyzing the result from a group of studies can allow for more accurate data analysis
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THEORETICAL ARTICLES
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THEORETICAL ARTICLES• Use existing research to advance theory
• Article that discussed theory
• Similar with Literature Review
• Present empirical information only when it advance a theoretical issue
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THEORETICAL ARTICLES• PROCESS :
– Trace the existing theory– Expand and refine – Examine consistency and validity
• RESULT :– A new theory– Analyzed the advantage of theory
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METHODOLOGICAL ARTICLES
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METHODOLOGICAL ARTICLES
• Focus on methodological or data analytic approaches
• Result : new methodological approaches, modifications of existing methods, or discussion of quantitative data analysis approaches
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CASE STUDIES
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CASE STUDIES• Reports of case material
• Illustrate the problem
• Purpose : solved problem or present the need for research, clinical applications or theoretical matters.
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ETHICAL AND LEGALSTANDARDS IN PUBLISHING
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THE GOALS
• Ensure the accuracy
• Protect the rights and welfare
• Protect intellectual property rights
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ENSURING THE ACCURACYOF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
ethical reporting, data sharing, duplicate & plagiarism
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ETHICAL REPORTING
Modifying Result
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ETHICAL REPORTING
inform the editor
correction notice
error!
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DATA RETENTION AND SHARING
EDITORduring the review
QUALIFIEDPROFESSIONALSfor verification after published
raw data (instruction, software, details
of procedures, etc)
5years
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DATA RETENTION AND SHARING
anotherRESEARCHER
WRITTEN AGREEMENT
• limit in used• limit on distribution• limit on dissemination
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DUPLICATE AND PIECEMEAL
DUPLICATEpublication
PIECEMEALpublication
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DUPLICATE PUBLICATION
PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED RESEARCH
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DUPLICATE PUBLICATION
ACKNOWLEDGING
AND CITINGPREVIOUS WORK • relatively small to total length
• clearly acknowledge (text, tables, figure)
• original publication venue
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DUPLICATE PUBLICATION
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PIECEMEAL PUBLICATION
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PIECEMEAL PUBLICATION
DVDV
DVDV
DVDV
IVIV
IVIV
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PIECEMEAL PUBLICATION
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PLAGIARISM and SELF-PLAGIARISM
LOREM IPSUM
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PLAGIARISM and SELF-PLAGIARISM
as I have previously
discussed ..
when author do not present the own previously published work
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MANUSCRIPT ELEMENTS
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1. TITLE
Effect of Transformed Letters on Reading Speed
Avoid words METHOD and RESULT, except research synthesis or meta analysis
2Summarize the main idea
(should be fully explanatory
when standing alone)1
Abbreviations3 4 Uppercase and Lowercase 5 No more than 12 words
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2. AUTHOR’S NAME AND AFFILIATION
123
4
5
M. S. Haggerty S. Haggerty
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2. AUTHOR’S NAME AND AFFILIATION
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3. AUTHOR’S NOTE
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4. ABSTRACT
• How to write abstract
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5. INTRODUCTION1. Why is this problem important?
2. How does the study relate to previous work in the area? If other aspect of this study have been reported previously, how does this report differ from, and build on, the earlier report?
3. What are the primary and secondary hypotheses and objectives of the study, and what, if any, are the links to the theory?
4. How do the hypotheses and research design relate to one another?
5. What are the theoretical and practical implications of the study?
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6. METHOD
1. Subjectdemographic (age, sex, ethnic, level of education, socioeconomic, etc)
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6. METHOD
2. Sampling Method
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6. METHOD3. Sampling Size -> slovin sampling formula
4. Measures -> questionnaires, interview, observations
Method to enhance quality -> factor analysis, reliability, cronbach’s alpha
5. Research Design -> provide a detailed summary of the procedures you will use and what the participants will do on study, and experimental manipulation (if any)
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7. RESULT1. Demographic characteristic
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7. RESULT2. Data processing result
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7. RESULT3. Hypothesis result
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8. DISCUSSION
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motivation