Arthropods (ticks) by Md. Abdul Alim, CVASU, Bangladesh
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Transcript of Arthropods (ticks) by Md. Abdul Alim, CVASU, Bangladesh
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Order: Acarina (Tick)
Introduction
Blood sucking arthopods Most important vectors of human and animal diseases Life threatening vector (rank second; 1st Mosquitos)Transmit greater variety of infections agentsPest of man, animal and wildlife Server toxic condition (Tick Parasysis, Tick Toxicosis)Economic lossesTick-borne diseases major threat to livestock industry Costs billions of dollars annually to protect livestock from
ticks and tick-borne diseases
1Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Order: Acarina (Ticks)
Zoological Classification/ Systematics of tickPhylum: ArthopodaSub phylum: Chelicerata (Chelicerae digit, shaft, base)Class: Arachnida (pedipalp, 4 pairs of legs)Sub-class: Acari (Fusion of body segment)Order: Acarina (Stigmatal pores)Sub-order: Ixodoidae (Metastigmata; spiracle, hypostome, sensory organs)Family: Ixodidae (Hard ticks) Argasidae (Soft ticks)Genus:
Species: Boophilus microplus Argus percicus
Argus sppOtobius sppOrnithodorus spp
Ixodes sppBoophilus sppRhipicephalus sppHaemaphysalis sppDermacentor sppHyalomma sppAmblyomma spp
2Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Terminology/Anatomy of Ticks
Mammillae 3
Scutum, Festoon, Ornate, Porose, Prostraite, Metastraite, Brevirostrate, Longistrate, Basis capituli, Haller’ s organ, Mammillae, Pulvillus, Punctations, Alloscutum, plates, orfice/apperture
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Basic Anatomy of Tick (hard tick)
Alimentary system
Salivary
gland
Respiratory system
Nervous system
Sensory structure
Reproductive system
Male
Female
4Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Mouth part of tick and Feeding Mechanism
5Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Soft tickHard tick
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Difference?????
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Morphological IdentificationIxodes
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Longistrate
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Boophilus
Brevirostrate
8Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Haemaphysalis
9Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Rhipicephalus
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Reddish or blackish brown
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Hyalomma
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Longistrate
Medium sized tickTick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Amblyomma
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large sized tick
Second palpal segment is about twice as long as thirdMouth part Much longer than basis capituli Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Dermacentor
13Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Life cycle of One Host tickEach stage feeds and developed on One Host
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Complete Metamophosis
Oviposition
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Life cycle of two Host tickLarva and Nymph feed on one host and adult ticks on a second host
15Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Life cycle of three Host tickEach stage feeds and developed on different Host
16Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Life cycle of soft tick (Multi host L/C) Several oviposition
7 nymphal stages
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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1. Trans-stadial : (stage to stage/One life stage to Next)
2. Trans-ovarian (Parent to progeny/ one generation to Next)
Vector Competency:
Strategies for Questing (seek) the host1. Hunter
2. Ambush (Waiter)
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Diapauses
1. Morphogenetic diapasue
2. Behavioural diapause (most common)
Related terminology:
Hibernation
Aestivation
Hypobiosis
Quiescence (larval stages in
Arthopods)
Related terminology:
Hibernation
Aestivation
Hypobiosis
Quiescence (larval stages in
Arthopods)
Behavior and Ecology
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Water balance by unfed tick
In adverse condition, Life cycle of Tick fall in tow dilemmas :How to maintain their energyHow maintain water balance
Have to counteract Overhydration (during feeding)(reinjection water into salivary secretion by Fcell of Type III Acini)
Have to counteract with dehydration (during fasting)
Prevention of dehydration:
Physical barriers
Physiological adaption
Behavioural Mechanisms
Can call some restore mechanisms for rehydration:
Passive water vapour absorption though cuticle
Catabolic and Anabolic water production
Active absorption of water (Type I salivary acini)
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU
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Pathological significance of Tick infestation/ OR Harm produced by • General Effect• Tick Paralysis• Tick Toxicosis• Vector importance: Tick-borne diseases
Available Cattle tick in Bangladesh
Control of ticks
Tick: A presentation by MAAlim, CVASU