Introduction to Arthropods

Order: Acarina (Ticks)

Zoological Classification/ Systematics of tickPhylum: ArthopodaSub phylum: Chelicerata (Chelicerae digit, shaft, base)Class: Arachnida (pedipalp, 4 pairs of legs)Sub-class: Acari (Fusion of body segment)Order: Acarina (Stigmatal pores)Sub-order: Ixodoidae (Metastigmata; spiracle, hypostome, sensory organs)Family: Ixodidae (Hard ticks) Argasidae (Soft ticks)Genus:

Species: Boophilus microplus Argus percicus

Argus sppOtobius sppOrnithodorus spp

Ixodes sppBoophilus sppRhipicephalus sppHaemaphysalis sppDermacentor sppAmblyomma sppHyalomma spp

3

Diptera

Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa

Ceratopognidae(Midges) Simulidae

(Black fly)Psychodidae

(Sand fly)Culicidae

(Mosquitoes)

Muscidea(House & Stable fly)

Calliphoridae(Blow fly)

Hippoboscidae(Forest fly &

keds)

Oestridae(bot fly)

Tabanidae(Horse fly)

Classification of Diptera

Order

Sub-Order

Family

Arthopoda

InsectaClass

Phylum

External Anatomy

External Anatomy Chitin??

Head

Head:Eyes: Simple or compoundMouth partsAntenna

Diochoptic (female)

Holoptic (male)

Antenna

Pilose type

Plumose type

Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa

Antenna

Mouth part&

Maxillary Palps

Piercing-sucking Mouthparts Slashing-sponging Mouthparts Sponging Mouthparts

Plumose

Pilose

Stylet typeArista Type

Palp

Empodium, pad like structure

Pulvilli

Claw

Leg of a Mosquito

LegsWings

Neck:

Nematocera Brachycera Cyclorrhapa

Wing(Cross Vein)

Black fly

Tabanus Musca domestica

Stomoxys calcitrans

Sand fly

Butcher's Cleaver

Fig: Wing of Tsetse fly( Butcher's Cleaver shaped discal cell)

Abdomen

Circulatory system

Bood: Plasma/Haemolymph/fluid partBood corpuscles/ Haemocytes

Internal Anatomy

Internal AnatomyDigestive system

1. Fore gut/Stomodeum (Buccal cavity, Pharynx, esophagus, crop, Proventiculus)/Gizzard have vulve and teeth)

2. Mid gut 3. Hind gut /proctodeum

Most absorption take place in gasrtic caecca

Respiratory system

Diffusion

O2

CO2

Excretory system

Nervous system

Nervous system:

Supraoesophageal ganglion=Brain

GanglionatedNerve Cord

Sensory Organ:EyeAntennaPlapVarious receptors of the body

Genital system

Vector:

1. Mechanical Vector2. Biological vector a. Cyclopropagative transmission (multiplication + Cyclical changes) b. Cyclodevelopmental transmission (only multiplication)