ARTH 101TEST 2

Geometric– Hellenistic

Test Format• 1) 5 slides• Artist: • Date: • Culture: • Significant Fact:

• 2) 1-2 mystery slide• Compare to another piece and give reason to why it's similar to

that• piece and it's time period/culture

Test Format, cont.• 3) Vocab • Could range from 5-10 vocabulary words. Remember to also connect the

word with a work of art/architecture learned in that unit, so should be about 2-3 sentences

• 4) Extra Credit• Questions/fill-in-the-blanks from subjects talked about in class or in the

readings

• 5) Essay• Could range from 3-5 questions, usually have to answer 2 in short essay

format. I always do an intro paragraph, 2 body paragraphs, and a conclusion. I make sure to AT LEAST have 4 works to relate to when answering the prompt

EXAMPLE TEST FORMAT: SlidesSlide #1:

Nude female (Venus of Willendorf), ca 28,000-25,000 BCE, Paleolithic; In this work, the artist shows no emphasis on face, but does show very enlarged breasts and swollen belly, which may have something to do with pregnancy and fertility.

EXAMPLE TEST FORMAT: Mystery slide

Slide #1:This work is comparable to the Nude

Female, also known as Venus of Willendorf, from ca 28,000-25,000 BCE of the Paleolithic period. It is comparable due to it’s emphasis on the enlarged breasts and belly, along with the triangular genital area, indicating it is a female. It also does not display a face which it shares in common with the Nude Female.

EXAMPLE TEST FORMAT: Vocab• Example:• Convention: • A convention is a specific way of depicting something by an

individual or a group that differs from optical reality. An example of a convention could be the convention of the flying gallop in Paleolithic art, seen in Lascaux’s Hall of Bulls from c 15,000-13,000 BCE of the Paleolithic period.

VOCAB• Early Greek art: Mycenaean fell, Greece entered dark ages, but around 9th c BCE began to start

writing things down and producing art.• Geometric Period 900-700 B.C.E.: great deal of sharp shapes (triangles, zig-zags, rectangles) ,

convention of small markers for gender, use of registers, fill up the space with figures and pattern• Orientalizing Period 700-600 B.C.E.: reestablish contact with east• Archaic Period 600-480 B.C.E.: conventions: archaic smile, idealizations in statues, nudity in males• Kouros, kouroi: statue of young man, • kore, korai: statue of a young girl• caryatid: statues of young women used as columns in the ionic order in the archaic period• entasis: cigar shape of column; don’t go straight up, they take more of a curving form to seem

more swelling in the middle• idealization: making something looking more perfect than they really are

Parts of a Greek Temple• pediment (triangular part), frieze (horizontal part right under the

pediment), architrave (support blocks), capital (top of the column), shaft (the column), stylobate (top step of a greek temple)• Triglyph and metope friezes: only in Doric• Cella: interior room of a greek temple used for housing the statue of

god• Peristyle: columns going all the way around a plan in greek

architecture

Architectural orders•Doric ~ plan/round capital, sits directly on top step• Ionic ~ scroll capital, base at bottom of Column,

coninutes frieze•Corinthian ~ variation of ionic with leaves

-Geometric krater from Dipylon cemetery, Athens-8th c. B.C.E.-Geometric-served as a grave marker for an elite man

-Mantiklos Apollo-c. 700-680 B.C.E. -Geometric-triangular shape body and head, greatly seen in geometric art-dedication to god Apollo with writing stating it is a “gift for god” to either thank god for doing a favor/to ask for a favor

-Lady of Auxerre-c. 650-625 B.C.E.-Orientalizing Period-had pattern on skirt indicating where it would have been painted

-Kouros-600 B.C.E.-Archaic- inspiration from Egyptians; position of feet, hands to side, proportions, obsession with the idealized male body

-Kroisos-c. 530 B.C.E.-Archaic-example as idealization in early greek art, can see traces of paint

- Peplos kore- c. 530 B.C.E.- Archaic- thought that it may be a goddess

due to her outfit- archaic smile

-Temple of Hera I (“Basilica”)-c. 550 B.C.E. -plan & view-Archaic-9 columns in the front which then caused them to put central columns in the middle, blocking views of the cella

- Temple of Artemis, Corfu- c. 600-580 B.C.E.- Archaic- doric order due to its plain capitals

and triglyph and metope frieze, depict medusa, a monster, on the building in attempts to protect and guard

-Siphnian Treasury, Delphi-c. 530 B.C.E.-Archaic-used to keep precious offering left for gods, use human bodies as the columns

-Ergotimos (made the pot) and Kleitias (painter)-François vase-ca. 570 B.C.E.-Archaic-shows that the artists were literate and wanted to show who was responsible for making the vases

-Exekias-Achilles & Ajax playing a game-c. 540 B.C.E.-Archaic-starting to understand more of the human anatomy

-Andokides Painter-bilingual vase-ca. 525 B.C.E.-Archaic-reversed the pot panting order; red figure style- paint the details with the brush which makes lines more fluid

-Euthymides-Revelers vase-c. 510 B.C.E.-Archaic-depicts older men drinking, painted a different perspective of movement of the human body

VOCAB• Early Classical 480-450 B.C.E. = Transitional Period : After Persian war, inspired the arts; showing a little bit of emotion and age, one plane

view, beginnings of contrapposto• Severe Style sculpture: simplified folds, smooth faces, little bit of age and emotion, thick eyeids• High Classical 450-400 B.C.E.: fully developed contrapposto, bland faces/no emotions, idealization• Late Classical Greek Art, 400-323 B.C.E.: Peloponnesian war breaks out, Athens defeated by Sparta, see first female nude• Persian Wars 490 and 480 B.C.E.: Persia attacked a city in Turkey, Greek sent troops to aid fellow Greeks, so then Perisians attacked Greece in

490; a tiny Athenian army then beats them, but Perisa came back in 480; Greece built up mainland army and navy and still beat them• Contrapposto: the weight shift of the human body; one leg bent and one leg flexed (weight barring leg) that creates movement throughout

the body• lost-wax bronzes: a hallow statue that are cast in different pieces and put together; less weight and less expensive• Athens: greek city state• Attica : region around Athens• Attic: art works from Attica/Athens• Akropolis: “high city” in Athens that most greek buildings are located ex) Parthenon, Propylaia, Temple of Athena Nike, Erechtheion• Perikles: General of Athens during Golden Age• optical refinements: used to make adjustments to buildings to make them look more perfect, everything curves slightly turn inwards and/or

the base is curved like a dome• Peloponnesian War 431-404 B.C.E.: war between Athens and Sparta, Athens looses

-Temple of Aphaia, Aigina, Plan,view -500-490 B.C.E-Early Classical -has standard number of columns which is 6 across

West pediment warrior, 500-490 B.C.E. maybe done in archaic period, or done by poorer artist; archaic smile, stiff

East pediment warrior, 490-480 B.C.E. maybe done in early classical, or done by better artist; emotion

-Temple of Zeus, Olympia-470-460 B.C.E.-Early Classical-shows a standard 6x13 doric temple that had a giant statue of Zeus in the cella

-Temple of Zeus, Olympia-470-460 B.C.E.-Early Classical

-East pediment with chariot race of Pelops: most important/formal pediment since it is on top of the doorway; usually more professional and simpleAthena, Herakles, and Atlas metope: Herakles is holding up heavens and Athena is helping Herakles, severe style sculpture (flat folds, smooth faces)

-Kritios Boy-c. 480 B.C.E.-Early Classical-shows the beginning of contrapposto

-Charioteer of Delphi-c. 470 B.C.E.-Early Classical-example of a lost wax bronze, which is a hallow statue that are cast in different pieces and put together; less weight and less expensive

-Zeus from Artemision-c. 460-450 B.C.E.-Early Classical-found in the sea after a ship wreck, most likely Zeus because it looks like it’s throwing a lightning bolt OR Poseidon, maybe holding a trident

-Riace warriors-460-450 B.C.E.-Early Classical-also found in the sea, see contrapposto usage

-Polykleitos, Doryphoros-450-440 B.C.E.-Early Classical-“Spear barer” use to hold a spear, fully developed contrapposto, came up with a system of proportions but method is lost

-Stele of Hegeso-c. 400 B.C.E.-Early Classical-starting to see the body through the clothing “wet drapery look,” mainly for women, females shown in home

-Achilles Painter-Warrior and wife-c. 440 B.C.E.-Early Classical-significance in the fact they finally got down the profile eye

-Niobid Painter-Artemis and Apollo killing Children of Niobe-c. 450 B.C.E.-Early Classical-shows how painters were exploring with space and how bodies are moving in space

-Iktinos and Kallikrates, View and plan -Parthenon-447-438 B.C.E.-Early Classical -approach from west, view from corner, architect wants you to appreciate the building as a whole mass, doric order, 8x17 to make room for statue of Athena, 4 ionic columns in the middle and continuous frieze-optical refinements; dome base

-Sculptures supervised by Phidias @ Parthenon -447-432 B.C.E.-Early Classical

Statue of Athena: building made in honor of her, not there anymore

Three goddesses, East pediment: see the use of the wet drapery look, one could be Aphrodite

metope with centaur: 92 sculptured metopes, centaur wedding which is a metaphor for the Persian wars, centaur triumphs human

-Mnesikles-Propylaia-437-432 B.C.E.-High Classical - monumental gateway- made a double pediment so it

wasn’t awkward- no sculpture in metopes so it

wouldn’t overpower the Parthenon

-Kallikrates-Temple of Athena Nike-427-424 B.C.E.-High Classical-ionic, no peristyle

-Erechtheion-421-405 B.C.E.-High Classical-asymmetrical and multilevels; unlike most classical greek buildings, multiple cults celebrated

-Praxiteles-Aphrodite of Knidos-c. 350-340 B.C.E.-Late Classical-first female nude

-Praxiteles-Hermes and Dionysos-c. 340 B.C.E.-Late Classical-exaggerated contrapposto “s-curve”-more intimacy, melting gaze (very soft face)

-Grave stele of hunter-c.340-330 B.C.E.-Late Classical-In the style of Skopas-known for showing age, emotion, and deep set eyes

-Lysippos-Apoxyomenos- c. 330 B.C.E.- Late Classical- “the sweat scraper” an athlete that

is scraping off the sweat on him- known for making sculptures break

the plane

-Gnosis-Stag hunt-c. 300 B.C.E.-Late Classical-shows what is missing in wall paintings-ability of expressing anatomy and shading through pebbles

-Philoxenos of Eretria-Battle of Issus (Alexander Mosaic)-copy of painting of c. 310 B.C.E.-Late Classical -don’t see a lot of depth, more stacking-maybe a representation of what greek paintings may have looked like

-Theater at Epidauros-4th c. B.C.E.-late classical-not free standing; built into the hill slide and based off rank-closest to stage was for the wealthy

-Lysikrates monument-334 B.C.E.-Late Classical-not a temple, a monument given to a theater producer-first building to be built in the Corinthian order that’s outside the building

Vocab - Hellenistic• Hellenistic Greek Art: 323-31 B.C.E., starts with death of Alexander

the Great, exaggerated emotion, dramatic architecture and sculpture, twisted poses and seen in at different angles• Philip of Macedon: conquered Greece, father of Alexander the Great• Alexander the Great: general and military strategist, created a huge

empire from Greece to northern india• Agora: the heart of any ancient greek city that holds the markets,

important temples, city councils • Stoa: long skinny multipurpose building, most likely shopping malls

-Paionios of Ephesos and Daphnis of Miletos-Temple of Apollo, Didyma, Plan and interior view-begun 313 B.C.E. -Hellenistic-dramatic architecture, have to go inside side entrances to enter

-Stoa of Attalos, Athens-c. 150 B.C.E.-Hellenistic-example of a stoa, which is a long skinny multipurpose building, this one being a shopping mall-bottom is doric more sturdier), top is ionic

-Altar of Zeus, Pergamon-c. 175 B.C.E.-Hellenistic-war memorial, contains sculpture pouring over the reliefs

-Athena relief: shows the dramatic emotion and sculpture, open mouth, deep set eyes, ridged/wrinkle foreheads, diagonal poses

-Nike of Samothrace-c. 190 B.C.E.-Hellenistic-war memorial of naval battle-twisting dramatic pose

Alexandros of Antioch-on-the-Meander-Aphrodite (Venus de Milo)-c. 150-125 B.C.E.-Hellenistic-know its Hellenistic due to her twisted pose

-Old Market Woman-c. 150-100 B.C.E.-Hellenistic-extreme realism of Hellenistic sculpture