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Appendix legends

Eq. (A.1): Composition of development committee (2 p)

Eq. (B.1) ~ (B.6): Search strategy for the Patients/Populations and Intervention components (3~40p)

Eq. (C.1) ~ (C.5): PRISMA flow chart (41~45p)

Eq. (D.1) ~ (D.5): Evidence table (46~58P)

Eq. (E.1) ~ (E.5): Forest plot & risk of bias table (59~70p)

Eq. (F.1): Details of the four levels of evidence (71p)

Eq. (G.1): Details of the five grades of recommendation (71p)

Eq. (A.1) Composition of development committee

Group Member of name Information of members AffiliationWorking group Jae-Heung Cho Professor Korean medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University

In-Hyuk Ha Researcher Jaseng Korean medicine hospitalYoon-Jae Lee Researcher Jaseng Korean medicine

1

hospitalByung-cheul Shin Professor Pusan National University Korean Medicine HospitalEun-jung Kim Professor Korean Medicine Hospital, Dongguk University

Yeon-Cheol Park Professor Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee UniversityKoh-Woon Kim Professor Korean medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee UniversityMi-Riong Kim Researcher Jaseng Korean medicine hospital

Jae-Young Jung Clinical Practitioner Mokhuri Korean medicine hospitalReview committee group

Seung-Ryong Yeom Professor (Korean Academy of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine)Korean Medicine Hospital, Wonkwang University

Yun-Yeop Cha Professor (Korean Academy of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine)Korean Medicine Hospital, Sangji University

Youn-Seok Ko Professor (Korean Academy of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine)Korean Medicine Hospital, Woosuk University

Byung-Kwan Seo Professor (Korea Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine Society)Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University

Hyun-Seok Cho Professor (Korea Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine Society)Korean Medicine Hospital, Dongguk University

Dongwoo Nam Professor (Korea Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine Society)Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University

Ju-Ah Lee EBM specialist Korea Institute Oriental MedicineJiae Choi EBM specialist Korea Institute Oriental Medicine

You-Suk Youn Clinical Practitioner Mokhuri Korean medicine hospitalHa-Neul Kim Clinical Practitioner Jaseng Korean medicine hospitalYoung-Kwang Seo Clinical Practitioner Kyung Hee Naeum Korean medicine clinic

Professional group Young-Jun Lee Clinical Practitioner (Association of Temporomandibular Joint Balancing Medicine)

Lee Young-Jun Korean medicine clinic

Geun-Yong Park Clinical Practitioner Kyung Hee Jeongham Korean medicine clinicJae-Joong Kim Clinical Practitioner Jaseng Korean medicine hospitalJun-Hwan Lee EBM specialist Korea Institute Oriental MedicineMin-Beom Kim Clinical Practitioner Kyung Hee 365 Neul Korean medicine clinic

Search strategy for the Patients/Populations and Intervention components

Eq. (B.1) Acupuncture and laser acupuncture (Q1-3)

* Ovid-Medline 1 exp Temporomandibular Joint/2 exp Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/3 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporo mandibular).mp.4 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.5 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular or craniomandibular disease$).mp.6 exp masticatory muscles/7 Mandibular Condyle/8 exp mandibular diseases/9 exp Craniomandibular Disorders/10 exp Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/11 Myofascial Pain Syndromes/12 masticatory muscle$.mp.13 masseter muscle$.mp.

2

14 pterygoid muscle$.mp.15 temporal muscle$.mp.16 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.17 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.18 mandibular condyle$.mp.19 temporal bone$.mp.20 mandibular disease$.mp.21 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.22 prognathism.mp.23 retrognathism.mp.24 masticatory muscle pain.mp.25 internal derangement.mp.26 myofacial pain.mp.27 disc displacement.mp.28 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds).mp.29 myogenous pain.mp.30 arthrogenous.mp.31 localized myalgia.mp.32 crepitation.mp.33 costen$.mp.34 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.35 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.36 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.37 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.38 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp. 39 exp Acupuncture/40 exp Acupuncture Therapy/41 acupuncture.mp.42 exp acupuncture, ear/43 exp electroacupuncture/44 exp meridians/45 exp acupuncture points/46 acupressure.mp.47 electroacupuncture.mp.48 meridian$.mp.49 needling.mp.50 (trigger adj3 point$).mp.51 acup$ point$.mp.52 or/395153 exp Jaw Diseases/54 (or/138) or 5355 52 and 5456 randomized controlled trial.pt.57 controlled clinical trial.pt.58 randomized.ab.59 placebo.ab.60 drug therapy.fs.61 randomly.ab.62 trial.ab.63 groups.ab.64 or/566365 exp animals/ not humans.sh.66 64 not 6567 55 and 66

* Ovid-EMBASE3

1 exp temporomandibular joint/2 exp temporomandibular joint disorder/3 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporomandibular).mp.4 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.5 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular or craniomandibular disease$).mp.6 exp masticatory muscle/7 exp mandible condyle/8 exp jaw disease/9 masticatory muscle$.mp.10 masseter muscle$.mp.11 pterygoid muscle$.mp.12 temporal muscle$.mp.13 temporal muscle$.mp.14 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.15 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.16 mandibular condyle$.mp.17 temporal bone$.mp.18 mandibular disease$.mp.19 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.20 prognathism.mp.21 retrognathism.mp.22 masticatory muscle pain.mp.23 internal derangement.mp.24 myogenous pain.mp.25 arthrogenous.mp.26 localized myalgia.mp.27 crepitation.mp.28 costen$.mp.29 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.30 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.31 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.32 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.33 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp.34 exp acupuncture/35 exp acupuncture needle/36 exp auricular acupuncture/37 exp electroacupuncture/38 acupuncture.mp.39 acupressure.mp.40 electroacupuncture.mp.41 meridian$.mp.42 needling.mp.43 (trigger adj3 point$).mp.44 acup$ point$.mp.45 or/1-3346 or/34-4447 45 and 4648 Clinical trial/49 Randomized controlled trial/50 Randomization/51 Single blind procedure/52 Double blind procedure/53 Crossover procedure/54 Placebo/55 Randomi?ed controlled trial$.tw.56 Rct.tw.

4

57 Random allocation.tw.58 Randomly allocated.tw.59 Allocated randomly.tw.60 (allocated adj2 random).tw.61 Single blind$.tw.62 Double blind$.tw.63 ((treble or triple) adj blind$).tw.64 Placebo$.tw.65 Prospective study/66 or/48-6567 47 and 66

* Cochrane Library#1 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint] explode all trees#2 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint Disorders] explode all trees#3 MeSH descriptor: [Mandibular Condyle] explode all trees#4 MeSH descriptor: [Masticatory Muscles] explode all trees#5 MeSH descriptor: [Mandibular Diseases] explode all trees#6 MeSH descriptor: [Craniomandibular Disorders] explode all trees#7 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome] explode all trees#8 MeSH descriptor: [Jaw Diseases] explode all trees#9 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporomandibular):ti,ab,kw #10 (TMJ or TMD or CMD):ti,ab,kw #11 (craniomandibular disorder$ or craniomandibular or craniomandibular disease$):ti,ab,kw

(Word variations have been searched)#12 masticatory muscle$:ti,ab,kw #13 masseter muscle?:ti,ab,kw #14 pterygoid muscle?:ti,ab,kw #15 temporal muscle?:ti,ab,kw #16 (arthralgia and temporomandibular):ti,ab,kw #17 mandibular condyle$:ti,ab,kw #18 temporal bone$:ti,ab,kw #19 mandibular disease$:ti,ab,kw #20 mandibular neoplasm$:ti,ab,kw #21 prognathism:ti,ab,kw #22 retrognathism:ti,ab,kw #23 masticatory muscle pain:ti,ab,kw #24 internal derangement:ti,ab,kw #25 myofacial pain:ti,ab,kw #26 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds):ti,ab,kw #27 myogenous pain:ti,ab,kw #28 arthrogenous:ti,ab,kw #29 localized myalgia:ti,ab,kw #30 crepitation:ti,ab,kw #31 costen$:ti,ab,kw #32 (tooth near/5 grind$):ti,ab,kw #33 (teeth near/5 grind$):ti,ab,kw #34 (jaw near/5 clench$):ti,ab,kw #35 (ear near/5 (click$ or pop$)):ti,ab,kw #36 (jaw near/5 lock$):ti,ab,kw #37 #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13 or

#14 or #15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 or #23 or #24 or #25 or #26 or #27 or #28 or #29 or #30 or #31 or #32 or #33 or #34 or #35 or #36

#38 MeSH descriptor: [Acupuncture] explode all trees#39 MeSH descriptor: [Acupuncture Therapy] explode all trees#40 MeSH descriptor: [Acupuncture, Ear] explode all trees

5

#41 MeSH descriptor: [Electroacupuncture] explode all trees#42 MeSH descriptor: [Meridians] explode all trees#43 MeSH descriptor: [Acupuncture Points] explode all trees#44 acupuncture:ti,ab,kw #45 acupressure:ti,ab,kw #46 electroacupuncture:ti,ab,kw #47 meridian$:ti,ab,kw #48 needling:ti,ab,kw #49 (trigger near/3 point$):ti,ab,kw #50 acup$point$:ti,ab,kw #51 #38 or #39 or #40 or #41 or #42 or #43 or #44 or #45 or #46 or #47 or #48 or #49 or

#50 #52 #37 and #51

* Ovid-AMED1 exp Temporomandibular joint/2 exp Temporomandibular joint disease/3 exp Mandibular disease/4 exp Jaw/5 exp Temporomandibular joint syndrome/6 temporomandibular.mp.7 temporo mandibular.mp.8 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.9 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular).mp.10 masticatory muscle$.mp.11 masseter muscle$.mp.12 pterygoid muscle$.mp.13 temporal muscle$.mp.14 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.15 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.16 mandibular condyle$.mp.17 temporal bone$.mp.18 mandibular disease$.mp.19 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.20 prognathism.mp.21 retrognathism.mp.22 masticatory muscle pain.mp.23 internal derangement.mp.24 myofacial pain.mp.25 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds).mp.26 myogenous pain.mp.27 arthrogenous.mp.28 localized myalgia.mp.29 crepitation.mp.30 costen$.mp.31 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.32 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.33 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.34 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.35 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp.36 or/1-3537 exp Acupuncture/38 exp Acupuncture Therapy/39 acupuncture.mp.40 exp electroacupuncture/41 exp meridians/

6

42 acupressure.mp.43 electroacupuncture.mp.44 meridian$.mp.45 needling.mp.46 (trigger adj3 point$).mp.47 acup$ point$.mp.48 exp Acupoints/49 exp Ear acupuncture/50 or/37-4951 36 and 50

Eq. (B.2) Pharmacopuncture (including bee venom therapy) (Q4)

* Ovid-Medline1 exp Temporomandibular Joint/2 exp Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/3 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporo mandibular).mp.4 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.5 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular or craniomandibular disease$).mp.6 exp masticatory muscles/7 Mandibular Condyle/8 exp mandibular diseases/9 exp Craniomandibular Disorders/10 exp Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/11 Myofascial Pain Syndromes/12 masticatory muscle$.mp.13 masseter muscle$.mp.14 pterygoid muscle$.mp.15 temporal muscle$.mp.16 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.17 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.18 mandibular condyle$.mp.19 temporal bone$.mp.20 mandibular disease$.mp.21 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.22 prognathism.mp.23 retrognathism.mp.24 masticatory muscle pain.mp.25 internal derangement.mp.26 myofacial pain.mp.27 disc displacement.mp.28 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds).mp.29 myogenous pain.mp.30 arthrogenous.mp.31 localized myalgia.mp.32 crepitation.mp.33 costen$.mp.34 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.35 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.36 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.37 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.38 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp39 exp Jaw Diseases/40 (or/138) or 3941 exp Bee Venoms/42 pharmacopuncture.mp.

7

43 bee venom acupuncture.mp.44 exp Acupuncture Points/45 exp Injections/46 acupoint$.mp.47 bee venom$.mp.48 aquapuncture.mp.49 exp Trigger Points/50 aqua acupuncture.mp.51 herbal acupuncture.mp.52 point injection.mp.53 hydro acupuncture.mp.54 injection$.mp.55 45 or 5456 44 or 46 or 4957 55 and 5658 41 or 42 or 43 or 47 or 48 or 50 or 51 or 52 or 53 or 5759 40 and 58

* Ovid-EMBASE1 exp temporomandibular joint/2 exp temporomandibular joint disorder/3 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporomandibular).mp.4 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.5 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular or craniomandibular disease$).mp.6 exp masticatory muscle/7 exp mandible condyle/8 exp jaw disease/9 masticatory muscle$.mp.10 masseter muscle$.mp.11 pterygoid muscle$.mp.12 temporal muscle$.mp.13 temporal muscle$.mp.14 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.15 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.16 mandibular condyle$.mp.17 temporal bone$.mp.18 mandibular disease$.mp.19 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.20 prognathism.mp.21 retrognathism.mp.22 masticatory muscle pain.mp.23 internal derangement.mp.24 myogenous pain.mp.25 arthrogenous.mp.26 localized myalgia.mp.27 crepitation.mp.28 costen$.mp.29 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.30 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.31 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.32 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.33 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp.34 or/1-3335 exp Bee Venoms/36 pharmacopuncture.mp.37 bee venom acupuncture.mp.

8

38 exp Acupuncture Points/39 exp Injections/40 acupoint$.mp.41 bee venom$.mp.42 aquapuncture.mp.43 exp Trigger Points/44 aqua acupuncture.mp.45 herbal acupuncture.mp.46 point injection.mp.47 hydro acupuncture.mp.48 injection$.mp.49 39 or 4850 38 or 40 or 4351 49 AND 5052 35 or 36 or 41 or 42 or 44 or 45 or 46 or 47 or 5153 34 AND 52

* Cochrane Library #1 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint] explode all trees#2 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint Disorders] explode all trees#3 MeSH descriptor: [Mandibular Condyle] explode all trees#4 MeSH descriptor: [Masticatory Muscles] explode all trees#5 MeSH descriptor: [Mandibular Diseases] explode all trees#6 MeSH descriptor: [Craniomandibular Disorders] explode all trees#7 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome] explode all trees#8 MeSH descriptor: [Jaw Diseases] explode all trees#9 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporomandibular):ti,ab,kw #10 (TMJ or TMD or CMD):ti,ab,kw #11 (craniomandibular disorder$ or craniomandibular or craniomandibular disease$):ti,ab,kw


9


#38 MeSH descriptor: [Bee Venoms] explode all trees#39 pharmacopuncture:ti,ab,kw #40 bee venom$:ti,ab,kw #41 aquapuncture:ti,ab,kw #42 aqua acupuncture:ti,ab,kw #43 herbal acupuncture:ti,ab,kw #44 point injection:ti,ab,kw #45 hydroacupuncture:ti,ab,kw #46 bee venom acupuncture:ti,ab,kw #47 [mh "AcupuncturePoints"] #48 [mh Injections] #49 [mh "TriggerPoints"] #50 acupoint*:ti,ab,kw #51 injection*:ti,ab,kw #52 #47 or #48 or #50 #53 #48 or #51 #54 #52 and #53 #55 #38 or #39 or #40 or #41 or #42 or #43 or #44 or #45 or #46 or #54 #56 #37 and #55

* Ovid-AMED1 exp Temporomandibular joint/2 exp Temporomandibular joint disease/3 exp Mandibular disease/4 exp Jaw/5 exp Temporomandibular joint syndrome/6 temporomandibular.mp.7 temporo mandibular.mp.8 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.9 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular).mp.10 masticatory muscle$.mp.11 masseter muscle$.mp.12 pterygoid muscle$.mp.13 temporal muscle$.mp.14 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.15 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.16 mandibular condyle$.mp.17 temporal bone$.mp.18 mandibular disease$.mp.19 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.20 prognathism.mp.21 retrognathism.mp.22 masticatory muscle pain.mp.23 internal derangement.mp.24 myofacial pain.mp.25 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds).mp.26 myogenous pain.mp.27 arthrogenous.mp.28 localized myalgia.mp.29 crepitation.mp.30 costen$.mp.31 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.32 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.33 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.

10

34 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.35 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp.36 or/1-3537 pharmacopuncture.mp.38 bee venom acupuncture.mp.39 exp Injections/40 acupoint$.mp.41 bee venom$.mp.42 aquapuncture.mp.43 aqua acupuncture.mp.44 herbal acupuncture.mp.45 point injection.mp.46 hydro acupuncture.mp.47 injection$.mp.48 39 or 4749 exp Venoms/50 exp Acupoints/51 40 or 5052 48 and 5153 37 or 38 or 41 or 42 or 43 or 44 or 45 or 46 or 49 or 5254 36 and 53

Eq. (B.3) Herbal medicine (Q5,6)

* Ovid-Medline1 exp Temporomandibular Joint/2 exp Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/3 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporo mandibular).mp.4 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.5 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular or craniomandibular disease$).mp.6 exp masticatory muscles/7 Mandibular Condyle/8 exp mandibular diseases/9 exp Craniomandibular Disorders/10 exp Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/11 Myofascial Pain Syndromes/12 masticatory muscle$.mp.13 masseter muscle$.mp.14 pterygoid muscle$.mp.15 temporal muscle$.mp.16 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.17 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.18 mandibular condyle$.mp.19 temporal bone$.mp.20 mandibular disease$.mp.21 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.22 prognathism.mp.23 retrognathism.mp.24 masticatory muscle pain.mp.25 internal derangement.mp.26 myofacial pain.mp.27 disc displacement.mp.28 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds).mp.29 myogenous pain.mp.30 arthrogenous.mp.31 localized myalgia.mp.

11

32 crepitation.mp.33 costen$.mp.34 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.35 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.36 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.37 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.38 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp39 exp Jaw Diseases/40 (or/138) or 3941 exp Medicine, Herbal/42 exp Plants, Medicinal/43 exp Medicine, Traditional/44 exp Drugs, Chinese Herbal/45 phytomedicine.tw.46 botanical.tw.47 ((traditional or chinese or herbal) adj medicine).tw.48 ((oriental or chinese) adj tradition$).tw.49 herbal drugs.tw.50 herbal medicine.tw.51 herbal preparations.tw.52 herbs medicinal.tw.53 herbs preparations.tw.54 plants extract.tw.55 plants medicinal.tw.56 traditional Chinese medicine.tw.57 traditional medicine.tw.58 kampo medicine.tw. 59 decoction.tw. 60 $tang.mp.61 &san.mp.62 (herbal and (remed* or extract* or preparation* or mixture* or medic*)).tw.63 (phyto and (drug* or pharmaceutical* or therap* or treatment* or medic*)).tw.64 (plant* and (preparation* or extract* or medic*)).tw.65 (chinese and (herb* or plant* or medic* or drug* or formul* or prescri*)).tw.66 or/416567 40 and 66

* Ovid-EMBASE1 exp temporomandibular joint/2 exp temporomandibular joint disorder/3 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporomandibular).mp.4 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.5 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular or craniomandibular disease$).mp.6 exp masticatory muscle/7 exp mandible condyle/8 exp jaw disease/9 masticatory muscle$.mp.10 masseter muscle$.mp.11 pterygoid muscle$.mp.12 temporal muscle$.mp.13 temporal muscle$.mp.14 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.15 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.16 mandibular condyle$.mp.17 temporal bone$.mp.18 mandibular disease$.mp.

12

19 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.20 prognathism.mp.21 retrognathism.mp.22 masticatory muscle pain.mp.23 internal derangement.mp.24 myogenous pain.mp.25 arthrogenous.mp.26 localized myalgia.mp.27 crepitation.mp.28 costen$.mp.29 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.30 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.31 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.32 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.33 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp.34 OR/1-3335 exp herbal medicine/36 exp medicinal plant/37 exp Chinese medicine/38 exp Chinese herb/39 exp Chinese drug/40 phytomedicine.tw.41 botanical.tw.42 ((traditional or chinese or herbal) adj medicine).tw.43 ((oriental or chinese) adj tradition$).tw.44 herbal drugs.tw.45 herbal medicine.tw.46 herbal preparations.tw.47 herbs medicinal.tw.48 herbs preparations.tw.49 plants extract.tw.50 plants medicinal.tw.51 traditional Chinese medicine.tw.52 traditional medicine.tw.53 kampo medicine.tw.54 decoction.tw.55 $tang.mp.56 &san.mp.57 (herbal and (remed* or extract* or preparation* or mixture* or medic*)).tw.58 (phyto and (drug* or pharmaceutical* or therap* or treatment* or medic*)).tw.59 (plant* and (preparation* or extract* or medic*)).tw.60 (chinese and (herb* or plant* or medic* or drug* or formul* or prescri*)).tw.61 or/35-6062 34 and 61

* Ovid-AMED1 exp Temporomandibular joint/2 exp Temporomandibular joint disease/3 exp Mandibular disease/4 exp Jaw/5 exp Temporomandibular joint syndrome/6 temporomandibular.mp.7 temporo mandibular.mp.8 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.9 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular).mp.10 masticatory muscle$.mp.

13

11 masseter muscle$.mp.12 pterygoid muscle$.mp.13 temporal muscle$.mp.14 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.15 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.16 mandibular condyle$.mp.17 temporal bone$.mp.18 mandibular disease$.mp.19 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.20 prognathism.mp.21 retrognathism.mp.22 masticatory muscle pain.mp.23 internal derangement.mp.24 myofacial pain.mp.25 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds).mp.26 myogenous pain.mp.27 arthrogenous.mp.28 localized myalgia.mp.29 crepitation.mp.30 costen$.mp.31 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.32 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.33 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.34 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.35 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp.36 or/1-3537 exp Herbs/38 exp plant extracts/39 exp plants medicinal/40 exp traditional medicine chinese/41 exp drugs chinese herbal/42 phytomedicine.tw.43 botanical.tw.44 ((traditional or chinese or herbal) adj medicine).tw.45 ((oriental or chinese) adj tradition$).tw.46 herbal drugs.tw.47 herbal medicine.tw.48 herbal preparations.tw.49 herbs medicinal.tw.50 herbs preparations.tw.51 plants extract.tw.52 plants medicinal.tw.53 traditional Chinese medicine.tw.54 traditional medicine.tw.55 kampo medicine.tw.56 decoction.tw.57 $tang.mp.58 &san.mp.59 (herbal and (remed* or extract* or preparation* or mixture* or medic*)).tw.60 (phyto and (drug* or pharmaceutical* or therap* or treatment* or medic*)).tw.61 (plant* and (preparation* or extract* or medic*)).tw.62 (chinese and (herb* or plant* or medic* or drug* or formul* or prescri*)).tw.63 or/37-6264 36 and 63

* Cochrane Library14

#1 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint] explode all trees#2 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint Disorders] explode all trees#3 MeSH descriptor: [Mandibular Condyle] explode all trees#4 MeSH descriptor: [Masticatory Muscles] explode all trees#5 MeSH descriptor: [Mandibular Diseases] explode all trees#6 MeSH descriptor: [Craniomandibular Disorders] explode all trees#7 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome] explode all trees#8 MeSH descriptor: [Jaw Diseases] explode all trees#9 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporomandibular):ti,ab,kw #10 (TMJ or TMD or CMD):ti,ab,kw #11 (craniomandibular disorder$ or craniomandibular or craniomandibular disease$):ti,ab,kw



#38 MeSH descriptor: [Herbal Medicine] explode all trees#39 MeSH descriptor: [Medicine, Chinese Traditional] explode all trees#40 MeSH descriptor: [Plants, Medicinal] explode all trees#41 MeSH descriptor: [Drugs, Chinese Herbal] explode all trees#42 phytomedicine:ti,ab,kw #43 botanical:ti,ab,kw #44 herbal drugs:ti,ab,kw #45 herbal medicine:ti,ab,kw #46 herbal preparations:ti,ab,kw #47 herbs medicinal:ti,ab,kw #48 herbs preparations:ti,ab,kw #49 plants extract:ti,ab,kw #50 plants medicinal:ti,ab,kw #51 traditional Chinese medicine:ti,ab,kw #52 traditional medicine:ti,ab,kw #53 kampo medicine:ti,ab,kw

15

#54 decoction:ti,ab,kw #55 *tang:ti,ab,kw #56 *san:ti,ab,kw #57 (herbal and (remed* or extract* or preparation* or mixture* or medic*)):ti,ab,kw #58 (phyto and (drug* or pharmaceutical* or therap* or treatment* or medic*)):ti,ab,kw #59 (plant* and (preparation* or extract* or medic*)):ti,ab,kw #60 (chinese and (herb* or plant* or medic* or drug* or formul* or prescri*)):ti,ab,kw #61 #26 or #27 or #28 or #29 or #30 or #31 or #32 or #33 or #34 or #35 or #36 or #37 or

#38 or #39 or #40 or #41 or #42 or #43 or #44 or #45 or #46 or #47 or #48

Eq. (B.4) Chuna manual therapy/Exercise therapy/Intra-oral balancing device/Korean medicine physiotherapy (Q7-10,12,13)

* Ovid-Medline1 exp Temporomandibular Joint/2 exp Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/3 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporo mandibular).mp.4 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.5 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular or craniomandibular disease$).mp.6 exp masticatory muscles/7 Mandibular Condyle/8 exp mandibular diseases/9 exp Craniomandibular Disorders/10 exp Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/11 Myofascial Pain Syndromes/12 masticatory muscle$.mp.13 masseter muscle$.mp.14 pterygoid muscle$.mp.15 temporal muscle$.mp.16 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.17 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.18 mandibular condyle$.mp.19 temporal bone$.mp.20 mandibular disease$.mp.21 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.22 prognathism.mp.23 retrognathism.mp.24 masticatory muscle pain.mp.25 internal derangement.mp.26 myofacial pain.mp.27 disc displacement.mp.28 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds).mp.29 myogenous pain.mp.30 arthrogenous.mp.31 localized myalgia.mp.32 crepitation.mp.33 costen$.mp.34 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.35 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.36 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.37 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.38 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp39 exp Jaw Diseases/40 (or/138) or 3941 randomized controlled trial.pt.42 controlled clinical trial.pt.

16

43 randomized.ab.44 placebo.ab.45 drug therapy.fs.46 randomly.ab.47 trial.ab.48 groups.ab.49 or/414850 exp animals/ not humans.sh.51 49 not 5052 (Tui Na or Tuina).tw.53 Chuna.tw.54 exp Manipulation, Orthopedic/ or exp Manipulation, Chiropractic/ or exp Manipulation,

Spinal/ or exp Manipulation, Osteopathic/55 exp Massage/56 massage.tw.57 mobili?ation.tw.58 (manual adj therap*).tw.59 (manipulati* adj (therap* or medicine)).tw.60 massag*.tw.61 (Chih Ya or Shiatsu or Shiatzu or Zhi Ya).tw.62 exp Physical Therapy Modalities/63 physiotherapy.mp.64 exp Rehabilitation/65 rehabilitation.mp.66 exp Exercise/67 exp Exercise Movement Techniques/68 exercise.mp.69 exp Patient Education as Topic/70 exp Behavior Therapy/71 patient education.mp.72 behavior therapy.mp.73 cupping.mp.74 exp Lasers/75 laser.mp.76 exp splints/77 occlusal splint$.mp.78 oral splint$.mp.79 stabilisation splint$.mp.80 stabilization splint$.mp.81 bite plate$.mp.82 exp orthodontic appliances/83 splint$.mp.84 orthodontic appliance$.mp.85 occlusal splint$.mp.86 orthodontic Bracket$.mp.87 orthodontic retainer$.mp.88 orthodontic Wire$.mp.89 orthopedic appliance$.mp.90 (stabilization adj5 orthopedic).mp.91 occlusal stabilization$.mp.92 (stabilization adj5 bite adj5 splint$).mp.93 stabilization splint$.mp.94 muscle deprograming device$.mp.95 gelb appliance$.mp.96 tmj appliance$.mp.97 tanner appliance$.mp.

17

98 (anterior adj5 repositioning adj5 appliance$).mp.99 michigan splint$.mp.100 (orthopedic adj5 stabilization).mp.101 daoyin.mp.102 or/52101103 40 and 51 and 102

* Ovid-EMBASE1 exp temporomandibular joint/2 exp temporomandibular joint disorder/3 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporomandibular).mp.4 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.5 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular or craniomandibular disease$).mp.6 exp masticatory muscle/7 exp mandible condyle/8 exp jaw disease/9 masticatory muscle$.mp.10 masseter muscle$.mp.11 pterygoid muscle$.mp.12 temporal muscle$.mp.13 temporal muscle$.mp.14 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.15 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.16 mandibular condyle$.mp.17 temporal bone$.mp.18 mandibular disease$.mp.19 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.20 prognathism.mp.21 retrognathism.mp.22 masticatory muscle pain.mp.23 internal derangement.mp.24 myogenous pain.mp.25 arthrogenous.mp.26 localized myalgia.mp.27 crepitation.mp.28 costen$.mp.29 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.30 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.31 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.32 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.33 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp.34 OR/1-3335 Clinical trial/36 Randomized controlled trial/37 Randomization/38 Single blind procedure/39 Double blind procedure/40 Crossover procedure/41 Placebo/42 Randomi?ed controlled trial$.tw.43 Rct.tw.44 Random allocation.tw.45 Randomly allocated.tw.46 Allocated randomly.tw.47 (allocated adj2 random).tw.48 Single blind$.tw.

18

49 Double blind$.tw.50 ((treble or triple) adj blind$).tw.51 Placebo$.tw.52 Prospective study/53 or/35-5254 (Tui Na or Tuina).tw.55 Chuna.tw.56 exp Rehabilitation/57 exp Exercise/58 exp orthopedic manipulation/59 exp manipulative medicine/60 exp physiotherapy practice/ or exp physiotherapy/61 exp massage/62 exp patient education/63 exp splint/ or exp dental splint/64 exp behavior therapy/65 exp laser/66 massage.tw.67 mobili?ation.tw.68 (manual adj therap*).tw.69 (manipulati* adj (therap* or medicine)).tw.70 massag*.tw.71 (Chih Ya or Shiatsu or Shiatzu or Zhi Ya).tw.72 physiotherapy.mp.73 rehabilitation.mp.74 exercise.mp.75 patient education.mp.76 behavior therapy.mp.77 cupping.mp.78 laser.mp.79 occlusal splint$.mp.80 oral splint$.mp.81 stabilisation splint$.mp.82 stabilization splint$.mp.83 bite plate$.mp.84 splint$.mp.85 orthodontic appliance$.mp.86 orthodontic Bracket$.mp.87 exp orthodontic device/88 orthodontic retainer$.mp.89 orthodontic Wire$.mp.90 orthopedic appliance$.mp.91 (stabilization adj5 orthopedic).mp.92 occlusal stabilization$.mp.93 (stabilization adj5 bite adj5 splint$).mp.94 stabilization splint$.mp.95 muscle deprograming device$.mp.96 gelb appliance$.mp.97 tmj appliance$.mp.98 tanner appliance$.mp.99 (anterior adj5 repositioning adj5 appliance$).mp.100 michigan splint$.mp.101 (orthopedic adj5 stabilization).mp.102 daoyin.mp.103 or/54-102104 34 and 53 and 103

19

* Ovid-AMED1 exp Temporomandibular joint/2 exp Temporomandibular joint disease/3 exp Mandibular disease/4 exp Jaw/5 exp Temporomandibular joint syndrome/6 temporomandibular.mp.7 temporo mandibular.mp.8 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.9 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular).mp.10 masticatory muscle$.mp.11 masseter muscle$.mp.12 pterygoid muscle$.mp.13 temporal muscle$.mp.14 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.15 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.16 mandibular condyle$.mp.17 temporal bone$.mp.18 mandibular disease$.mp.19 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.20 prognathism.mp.21 retrognathism.mp.22 masticatory muscle pain.mp.23 internal derangement.mp.24 myofacial pain.mp.25 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds).mp.26 myogenous pain.mp.27 arthrogenous.mp.28 localized myalgia.mp.29 crepitation.mp.30 costen$.mp.31 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.32 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.33 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.34 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.35 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp.36 or/1-3537 exp Manipulation/38 (Tui Na or Tuina).tw.39 Chuna.tw.40 exp Spinal manipulation/41 exp Musculoskeletal manipulations/42 exp Manipulation osteopathic/43 exp physical therapy modalities/44 exp Rehabilitation/45 exp Exercise/46 exp Massage/47 massage.tw.48 mobili?ation.tw.49 (manual adj therap*).tw.50 (manipulati* adj (therap* or medicine)).tw.51 massag*.tw.52 (Chih Ya or Shiatsu or Shiatzu or Zhi Ya).tw.53 physiotherapy.mp.54 rehabilitation.mp.

20

55 exercise.mp.56 exp Patient education/57 exp Behavior therapy/58 patient education.mp.59 behavior therapy.mp.60 cupping.mp.61 exp Lasers/62 laser.mp.63 exp Splints/64 occlusal splint$.mp.65 oral splint$.mp.66 stabilisation splint$.mp.67 stabilization splint$.mp.68 bite plate$.mp.69 splint$.mp.70 orthodontic appliance$.mp.71 occlusal splint$.mp.72 orthodontic Bracket$.mp.73 orthodontic retainer$.mp.74 orthodontic Wire$.mp.75 orthopedic appliance$.mp.76 (stabilization adj5 orthopedic).mp.77 occlusal stabilization$.mp.78 (stabilization adj5 bite adj5 splint$).mp.79 stabilization splint$.mp.80 muscle deprograming device$.mp.81 gelb appliance$.mp.82 tmj appliance$.mp.83 tanner appliance$.mp.84 (anterior adj5 repositioning adj5 appliance$).mp.85 michigan splint$.mp.86 (orthopedic adj5 stabilization).mp.87 daoyin.mp.88 or/37-8789 36 and 88

* Cochrane Library#1 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint] explode all trees#2 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint Disorders] explode all trees#3 MeSH descriptor: [Mandibular Condyle] explode all trees#4 MeSH descriptor: [Masticatory Muscles] explode all trees#5 MeSH descriptor: [Mandibular Diseases] explode all trees#6 MeSH descriptor: [Craniomandibular Disorders] explode all trees#7 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome] explode all trees#8 MeSH descriptor: [Jaw Diseases] explode all trees#9 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporomandibular):ti,ab,kw #10 (TMJ or TMD or CMD):ti,ab,kw #11 (craniomandibular disorder$ or craniomandibular or craniomandibular disease$):ti,ab,kw

(Word variations have been searched)#12 masticatory muscle$:ti,ab,kw #13 masseter muscle?:ti,ab,kw #14 pterygoid muscle?:ti,ab,kw #15 temporal muscle?:ti,ab,kw #16 (arthralgia and temporomandibular):ti,ab,kw #17 mandibular condyle$:ti,ab,kw #18 temporal bone$:ti,ab,kw

21

#19 mandibular disease$:ti,ab,kw #20 mandibular neoplasm$:ti,ab,kw #21 prognathism:ti,ab,kw #22 retrognathism:ti,ab,kw #23 masticatory muscle pain:ti,ab,kw #24 internal derangement:ti,ab,kw #25 myofacial pain:ti,ab,kw #26 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds):ti,ab,kw #27 myogenous pain:ti,ab,kw #28 arthrogenous:ti,ab,kw #29 localized myalgia:ti,ab,kw #30 crepitation:ti,ab,kw #31 costen$:ti,ab,kw #32 (tooth NEAR/5 grind$):ti,ab,kw #33 (teeth NEAR/5 grind$):ti,ab,kw #34 (jaw NEAR/5 clench$):ti,ab,kw #35 (ear near/5 (click$ or pop$)):ti,ab,kw #36 (jaw near/5 lock$):ti,ab,kw #37 #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13 or


#38 MeSH descriptor: [Manipulation, Osteopathic] explode all trees#39 MeSH descriptor: [Manipulation, Orthopedic] explode all trees#40 MeSH descriptor: [Massage] explode all trees#41 MeSH descriptor: [Manipulation, Chiropractic] explode all trees#42 MeSH descriptor: [Physical Therapy Modalities] explode all trees#43 MeSH descriptor: [Rehabilitation] explode all trees#44 MeSH descriptor: [Exercise] explode all trees#45 MeSH descriptor: [Exercise Movement Techniques] explode all trees#46 MeSH descriptor: [Patient Education as Topic] explode all trees#47 MeSH descriptor: [Behavior Therapy] explode all trees#48 MeSH descriptor: [Lasers] explode all trees#49 MeSH descriptor: [Splints] explode all trees#50 MeSH descriptor: [Orthodontic Appliances] explode all trees#51 (Tui Na or Tuina):ti,ab,kw #52 Chuna:ti,ab,kw #53 massage:ti,ab,kw #54 mobili?ation:ti,ab,kw #55 (manual near therap*):ti,ab,kw #56 (manipulati* near (therap* or medicine)):ti,ab,kw #57 massag*:ti,ab,kw #58 (Chih Ya or Shiat su or Shiatzu or Zhi Ya):ti,ab,kw #59 physiotherapy:ti,ab,kw #60 rehabilitation:ti,ab,kw #61 exercise:ti,ab,kw #62 patient education:ti,ab,kw #63 behavior therapy:ti,ab,kw #64 cupping:ti,ab,kw #65 laser:ti,ab,kw #66 occlusal splint$:ti,ab,kw #67 oral splint$:ti,ab,kw #68 stabilisation splint$:ti,ab,kw #69 stabilization splint$:ti,ab,kw #70 biteplate$:ti,ab,kw #71 splint$:ti,ab,kw #72 orthodontic appliance$:ti,ab,kw

22

#73 occlusal splint$:ti,ab,kw #74 orthodontic Bracket$:ti,ab,kw #75 orthodontic retainer$:ti,ab,kw #76 orthodontic Wire$:ti,ab,kw #77 orthopedic appliance$:ti,ab,kw #78 (stabilization near/5 orthopedic):ti,ab,kw #79 occlusal stabilization$:ti,ab,kw #80 (stabilization near/5 bite near/5 splint$):ti,ab,kw #81 stabilization splint$:ti,ab,kw #82 muscle deprograming device$:ti,ab,kw #83 gelb appliance$:ti,ab,kw #84 tmj appliance:ti,ab,kw #85 tanner appliance:ti,ab,kw #86 (anterior near/5 repositioning near/5 appliance$):ti,ab,kw #87 michigan splint$:ti,ab,kw #88 (orthopedic near/5 stabilization):ti,ab,kw #89 daoyin:ti,ab,kw #90 #38 or #39 or #40 or #41 or #42 or #43 or #44 or #45 or #46 or #47 or #48 or #49 or


or #73 or #74 or #75 or #76 or #77 or #78 or #79 or #80 or #81 or #82 or #83 or #84 or #85 or #86 or #87 or #88 or #89

#91 #37 and #90

Eq. (B.5) Mae-seon (thread embedding acupuncture) (Q11)

* Ovid-Medline1 exp Temporomandibular Joint/2 exp Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/3 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporomandibular).mp.4 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.5 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular or craniomandibular disease$).mp.6 exp masticatory muscles/7 Mandibular Condyle/8 exp mandibular diseases/9 exp Craniomandibular Disorders/10 exp Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome/11 Myofascial Pain Syndromes/12 masticatory muscle$.mp.13 masseter muscle$.mp.14 pterygoid muscle$.mp.15 temporal muscle$.mp.16 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.17 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.18 mandibular condyle$.mp.19 temporal bone$.mp.20 mandibular disease$.mp.21 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.22 prognathism.mp.23 retrognathism.mp.24 masticatory muscle pain.mp.25 internal derangement.mp.26 myofacial pain.mp.27 disc displacement.mp.28 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds).mp.29 myogenous pain.mp.

23

30 arthrogenous.mp.31 localized myalgia.mp.32 crepitation.mp.33 costen$.mp.34 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.35 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.36 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.37 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.38 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp.39 exp Jaw Diseases/40 (or/138) or 3941 exp Catgut/42 catgut implantation.tw.43 catgut emb*.tw.44 thread emb*.tw.45 thread implantation.tw.46 41 or 42 or 43 or 44 or 4547 40 and 46

* Ovid-EMBASE1 exp Temporomandibular Joint/2 exp Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/3 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporomandibular).mp.4 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.5 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular or craniomandibular disease$).mp.6 exp masticatory muscles/7 Mandibular Condyle/8 Myofascial Pain Syndromes/9 masticatory muscle$.mp.10 masseter muscle$.mp.11 pterygoid muscle$.mp.12 temporal muscle$.mp.13 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.14 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.15 mandibular condyle$.mp.16 temporal bone$.mp.17 mandibular disease$.mp.18 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.19 prognathism.mp.20 retrognathism.mp.21 masticatory muscle pain.mp.22 internal derangement.mp.23 myofacial pain.mp.24 disc displacement.mp.25 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds).mp.26 myogenous pain.mp.27 arthrogenous.mp.28 localized myalgia.mp.29 crepitation.mp.30 costen$.mp.31 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.32 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.33 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.34 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.35 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp.36 exp Jaw Diseases/

24

37 exp Catgut/38 catgut implantation.tw.39 catgut emb*.tw.40 thread emb*.tw.41 thread implantation.tw.42 37 or 38 or 39 or 40 or 4143 or/13644 42 and 43

* Ovid-AMED1 exp Catgut/2 catgut implantation.tw.3 catgut emb*.tw.4 thread emb*.tw.5 thread implantation.tw.6 exp Temporomandibular joint/7 exp Temporomandibular joint disease/8 exp Mandibular disease/9 exp Jaw/10 exp Temporomandibular joint syndrome/11 temporomandibular.mp.12 temporo mandibular.mp.13 (TMJ or TMD or CMD).mp.14 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular).mp.15 masticatory muscle$.mp.16 masseter muscle$.mp.17 pterygoid muscle$.mp.18 temporal muscle$.mp.19 (arthralgia and temporomandibular).mp.20 (myofascial pain or mpd).mp.21 mandibular condyle$.mp.22 temporal bone$.mp.23 mandibular disease$.mp.24 mandibular neoplasm$.mp.25 prognathism.mp.26 retrognathism.mp.27 masticatory muscle pain.mp.28 internal derangement.mp.29 myofacial pain.mp.30 (pain dysfunction syndrome or pds).mp.31 myogenous pain.mp.32 arthrogenous.mp.33 localized myalgia.mp.34 crepitation.mp.35 costen$.mp.36 (tooth adj5 grind$).mp.37 (teeth adj5 grind$).mp.38 (jaw adj5 clench$).mp.39 (ear adj5 (click$ or pop$)).mp.40 (jaw adj5 lock$).mp.41 or/64042 or/1543 41 and 42

* cochrane#1 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint] explode all trees

25

#2 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint Disorders] explode all trees#3 MeSH descriptor: [Mandibular Condyle] explode all trees#4 MeSH descriptor: [Masticatory Muscles] explode all trees#5 MeSH descriptor: [Mandibular Diseases] explode all trees#6 MeSH descriptor: [Craniomandibular Disorders] explode all trees#7 MeSH descriptor: [Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome] explode all trees#8 MeSH descriptor: [Jaw Diseases] explode all trees#9 (temporomandibular or temporo mandibular or temporo mandibular):ti,ab,kw #10 (TMJ or TMD or CMD):ti,ab,kw #11 (craniomandibular disorder$ or cranio mandibular or craniomandibular disease$):ti,ab,kw



#38 MeSH descriptor: [Catgut] explode all trees#39 catgut implantation:ti,ab,kw #40 catgut emb*:ti,ab,kw #41 thread emb*:ti,ab,kw #42 thread implantation:ti,ab,kw #43 #38 or #39 or #40 or #41 or #42 #44 #37 and #43

Eq. (B.6) Korean, Chinese, and Japanese DB

(1) Korean

* OASISTMJ OR temporomandibular OR 턱관절장애 OR TMD OR CMD OR craniomandibular OR 턱관절* NDSL 전체:(TMJ OR temporomandibular OR 턱관절장애 OR TMD OR CMD OR craniomandibular)* KISS

26

TMJ OR temporomandibular OR TMD OR CMD OR craniomandibular턱관절장애* KoreaMedTMJ OR temporomandibular OR TMD OR CMD OR craniomandibular* KMBASETMJ OR temporomandibular OR 턱관절장애 OR TMD OR CMD OR craniomandibular

(2) Chinese

* CNKI1 (SU='颞下颌关节' or SU='颞下颌关节紊乱综合征'or SU='颞下颌关节紊乱病'or SU='下颌骨病变') AND (SU='电针' OR SU='针')2 (SU='颞下颌关节' or SU='颞下颌关节紊乱综合征'or SU='颞下颌关节紊乱病'or SU='下颌骨病变') AND (SU='水针' OR SU='穴位封闭' OR SU='穴位注射' OR SU='acupoint injection' OR SU='蜂毒' OR SU='蜂针' OR SU='蜂') 3 (SU='颞下颌关节' or SU='颞下颌关节紊乱综合征'or SU='颞下颌关节紊乱病'or SU='下颌骨病变') AND (SU='中药' OR SU='herbal medicine' OR SU='丹' or SU='汤' or SU='丸' or SU='散')4 ((SU='颞下颌关节' or SU='颞下颌关节紊乱综合征'or SU='颞下颌关节紊乱病'or SU='下颌骨病变') AND (SU='导引' OR SU='daoyin' OR SU='tuina' OR SU='推拿' OR SU='手法' OR SU='splint' OR SU='夹板' OR SU='罐'OR SU='cupping' OR SU='激光') AND (SU='随机' or SU='对照') 5 (SU='颞下颌关节' or SU='颞下颌关节紊乱综合征'or SU='颞下颌关节紊乱病'or SU='下颌骨病

变'or SU='temporomandibular') AND (SU='穴位埋线' or SU='catgut embedding' or SU='thread embedding' or SU='thread implant' or SU='catgut implant')

(3) Japanese

* 医学中央雑誌刊行会#1 (顎関節/TH or TMJ/AL)#2 (顎関節/TH or 顎関節/AL)#3 temporomandibular/AL and (疾患/TH or disorder/AL)#4 temporomandibular/AL and (関節/TH or joint/AL) and (疾患/TH or disorder/AL)#5 (顎関節機能不全症候群/TH or TMD/AL)#6 (顎関節機能不全症候群/TH or 顎関節機能不全症候群/AL)#7 craniomandibular/AL#8 CMD/AL#9 (リハビリテーション/TH or リハビリテーション/AL)#10 (身体運動/TH or 身体運動/AL)#11 (漢方医学/TH or 漢方医学/AL)#12 (漢方薬/TH or 漢方薬/AL)#13 (鍼療法/TH or 鍼療法/AL)#14 (鍼灸医学/TH or 鍼灸医学/AL)#15 (電気鍼療法/TH or 電気鍼療法/AL)#16 (スプリント/TH or splint/AL)#17 (スプリント/TH or スプリント/AL)#18 #9 or #10 or #11 or #12 or #13 or #14 or #15 or #16 or #17#19 #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8#20 #18 and #19#21 (#18 and #19) and (PT=会議録除く)#22 (#18 and #19) and (PT=症例報告)#23 #21 not #22

27

PRISMA flow chart

Eq. (C.1) Acupuncture and laser acupuncture (Q1-3)

Identification

Records identified through database searching1) Ovid-Medline (n=496)2) Ovid-EMBASE (n=555)3) CENTRAL (n=125)4) Ovid-AMED (n=301)5) NDSL (n=1305)6) KISS (n=60)7) OASIS (n=54)8) KoreaMed (n=561)9) KMBASE (n=1587)10) CNKI (n=136)11) ICHUSHI (医学中央雑誌) (n=803)

Additional records identified through other sources(n=1)

↓ ↓

Screening

Records after duplicates (n=462) removed(n=5522)

↓Records screened

(n=5522) → Records excluded(n=5325)

↓

EligibilityFull-text articles assessed for

eligibility(n=197)

→

Full-text articles excluded, with reasons

inconsistency with P : 5inconsistency with I : 57inconsistency with C : 32inconsistency with O : 4not RCTs : 69proceeding : 6inconsistency with language : 5cannot obtain : 1duplication : 1

↓

Included

Studies included in qualitative synthesis(n=17)

↓Studies included in quantitative

synthesis (meta-analysis)(n=15)

Eq. (C.2) Pharmacopuncture (Q4)

Identification



↓ ↓

28

Screening


↓Records screened


↓


eligibility(n=37)

→Full-text articles excluded,

with reasonsinconsistency with

intervention (n=13)not RCTs (n=22)

↓

Included

Studies included in qualitative synthesis

(n=2)↓

Studies included in quantitative synthesis

(n=2)

Eq. (C.3) Herbal medicine (Q5,6)

Identification



↓ ↓

Screening


↓Records screened


↓


eligibility(n=72)

→


inconsistency with P : 1inconsistency with I : 18inconsistency with C : 2not RCTs : 48inconsistency with language : 1

↓

Included

Studies included in qualitative synthesis

(n=2)↓

Studies included in quantitative synthesis

(n=2)

Eq. (C.4) Chuna manual therapy/Exercise therapy/Intra-oral balancing device/Korean medicine physiotherapy (Q7-10,12,13)

Identification

Records identified through database searching1) Ovid-Medline (n=2291)2) Ovid-EMBASE (n=2266)


29

3) CENTRAL (n=991)4) Ovid-AMED (n=634)5) NDSL (n=1305)6) KISS (n=60)7) OASIS (n=54)8) KoreaMed (n=561)9) KMBASE (n=1587)10) CNKI (n=121)11) ICHUSHI (医学中央雑誌) (n=803)

↓ ↓

Screening


↓Records screened


↓


eligibility(n=604)

→


inconsistency with P : 34inconsistency with I : 176inconsistency with C : 47inconsistency with O : 5not RCTs : 185proceeding : 32inconsistency with language : 46duplication : 18

↓

Included

Studies included in qualitative synthesis(n=61)

↓Studies included in quantitative

synthesis(n=30)

Eq. (C.5) Mae-seon (thread embedding acupuncture) (Q11)

Identification



↓ ↓

Screening


↓Records screened


↓


eligibility(n=1)

→Full-text articles excluded,

with reasons(n=0)

↓

IncludedStudies included in qualitative

synthesis(n=1)

30

Evidence table

Eq. (D.1) Acupuncture and laser acupuncture (Q1-3)

[Q1,2 Acupuncture]

Study Country(period) Interventions Comparison Disease of participants

(Age : Mean±S.D)Number of Participants

AcupointsSession orTreatment period

Relevant outcomes

[Q1] vs ShamDiracoglu et al. (2012) Turkey (NR) Dry needling Sham dry needling

Temporomandibular myofascial pain(IG: 33.00±12.70 CG: 35.88±9.60)

IG: 26CG: 26

TrPs in masseter andtemporalis muscles

3 timeswith 7-day intervals

PPT, VAS, unassisted jaw opening

Goddard et al. (2002) USA (NR) Acupuncture Sham acupuncture Myofascial pain (IG: 35.49±10.63 CG: 34.53±6.78) IG: 10CG: 8 LI4, ST6 One time VAS

Itoh et al. (2012) Japan (NR) TrP Acupuncture Sham acupuncture Chronic TMJ myofascial pain (IG: 21.7±2.1 CG: 21.4±1.4) IG: 8CG: 8 Myofascial TrPs Total 5 sessions, Once a week VAS, MMO

Schmid-Schwap (2006)

Austria(11/2001- 06/2003) Acupuncture Sham acupuncture

Females with TMJ pain and tenderness on pressure of the craniomandibular musculature (IG: 35±14 CG: 40±14)

IG: 11CG: 12

Intraoral: Maxilla retromolar, Mandibleretromolar, Maxilla – vestibulum and Mandible – vestibulum;extraoral: large intestine 4, small intestine 2 and 3 (hand), earand sternum.

One time VAS, MMO

Smith (2007) UK(06-07/2003) Acupuncture Sham acupuncture TMJ MP for at least 6 months (IG: 38.3±13.39 CG: 43.2±4.04) IG: 15

CG: 12 ST7 6, 3 weeks VAS

Shen et al. (2007) USA (NR) Acupuncture Sham acupunctureChronic MPS of masticatory muscles (IG: 45.2±12.3 CG: 41.8±14.9)

IG: 9CG: 6 LI4 One time NRS, VAS

Shen et al. (2009) USA (NR) Acupuncture Sham acupuncture MPS of jaw muscles (IG: 36.94±13.82 CG: 44.83±11.61) IG: 16CG: 12 LI4 One time NRS, VAS

Simma (2009) Austria(02/2002–07/2003) Acupuncture placebo laser Dysfunction and pain in TMJ(NR) IG: 11CG: 12

Upper jaw retromolar Lower jaw retromolar Upper jaw vestibulum Lower jaw vestibulum Large intestine 4 Small intestine 3, 2 Auricle Sternum Adler Langer points

One time VAS

Tekin et al. (2013)Turkey (2011/01-2011/06) Dry needling Sham dry needling MPS (IG: 42.9±10.9 CG: 42.0±12.0) IG: 22

CG: 17 Myofascial TrPsTotal 6 sessions, 2 times a week (for 2 weeks), once a week (for 2 weeks)

VAS, SF-36

32

[Q2] vs active control

Gonzalez-Perez et al. (2015)

Spain(NR)

Deep dry needling (DDN) of trigger points (TPs)

Methocarbamol/paracetamolmedication.

Temporo-mandibular myofascialpain located in the lateral pterygoid muscle(IG: 34.3 ± 13.8, CG: 35.5 ± 11.2)

IG: 24CG: 24

lateral pterygoid muscle(LPM)

IG: once per week for 3 weeksCG: dose of two tablets every six hours for three weeks

VASMMOEfficiency ratings

Dai et al.(1996)

China(NR) Warm needling TDP Temporomandibular disorder

(NR)IG: 48CG: 46

아시혈, ST6, SI19 (환측),, LI4(양측)

10 sessions, 3~5 days interval Effective rate

Luo et al.(2001)

China(NR) Acupuncture Local ultrashort wave Temporomandibular disorder

(NR)IG: 21CG: 20

1 조(GB2, ST7, GB20)2 조(SI19, TE17, LI4)격일 교차 치료

10 sessions, 3~5 days interval Effective rate

Xu et al.(2010)

China(2008/07-2009/06)

Surrounding Electroacupuncture Local ultrashort wave

Temporomandibular joint disturbance syndrome(IG: 35±5, CG: 34±4)

IG: 30CG: 30 아시혈 Every day, 10 sessions

McGill pain questionnaire(VAS, PRI, PPI)

Zhang et al. (2008) China(NR) Warm needling

Indomethacin 25mg + Vit B1 10mg three times daily

Temporomandibular disorder (NR)

IG: 22CG: 23 ST7, TE17, SI19 Every day, 20 sessions Efficacy rate

Zhong et al. (2007)China(2005/12-2007/01) Warm needling Ultrasound Temporomandibular disorder

(IG: 35±5, CG: 34±4)IG: 60CG: 60 ST6, ST7 Every day, 10 sessions Efficacy rate

PPT: Pain pressure threshold TrP: Trigger point TMJ: Temporomandibular joint MMO: Maximal mouth opening NRS: Numeric rating scale MPS: Myofascial pain syndrome NMOS: neuro myorelaxing occlusal splint VAS: Visual analog scale PRI: Pain rating index, PPI: Present pain intensity

[Q3 Laser acupuncture]

Study Country(period) Interventions Comparison

Disease of participants(Age : Mean±S.D)

Number of Participants Acupoint

Session orTreatment period

Relevant outcomes

Ferreira et al. (2013)

Brazil (NR)Laser acupuncture + NMOS

Placebo laser + NMOS

Chronic myofascial pain and arthralgia (34.17±8.83)

IG: 20CG: 20

ST6, I19, B20, LI4, LR3, TE3, GB34, EX-HN3

Once a week for 3 months VAS

Katsoulis et al. (2010)

Switzerland(NR)

Laser needle acupuncture

Placebo laser needle acupuncture

tendomyopathy of the masticatory musculature(33, NR)

IG(open): 4IG(blinded): 3CG: 4

ST6, SI18, SI 3, LI 4two 15 min sessions per week for 3 weeks

VASVerbal scale

Eq. (D.2) Pharmacopuncture (Q4)

Study ID Study design Intervention (n) Comparison (n) Duration F/U Outcome

measurements Results Adverseevents

Liu et al. 2005 RCT Pharmacopuncture(Salvia miltiorrhiza) (80)

Medication(pethidin, aspirin) (80)

3 months None ① Effect rate ① High efficacy rate: 72.5% vs

Not report

33

57.5%Gu et al. 2001 RCT Pharmacopuncture

(Cnidium offcinale) (100) Warm acupuncture (100) 6 times None ① Effect rate ① High efficacy rate: 90 % vs 90% Not report

Eq. (D.3) Herbal medicine (Q5,6)



Chang et al. 2016 RCT 活絡散

(37)Medication(diclofenac)

(36)3 months None

① CMI② Effect rate

③ MMP-2

① CMI : MD –0.44 (95% CI –0.51, -0.37, p<0.00001)② Effect rate : RR 1.41 (95% CI 1.01, 1.98, p=0.05)

Incidence rate:Treatment group

16.22%Control group 47.22%

Hao et al. 2012 RCT 加味葛根湯

(100)온침(100) 20 dys None ① Effect rate ① Effect rate: RR 1.19 (95% CI 0.89, 1.59 NR

CMI: Craniomandibular index, NR: Not reported, RCT: Randomized controlled trial, MD: Mean difference, RR: Relative risk

34

No. Study ID Study design Intervention (n) Comparison (n) Duration F/U Outcome


1 Kim et al. 2006 RCT

Chuna manual therapy

(15)Acupuncture

(16) 6 times None ① CMI① CMI : CG 19.29±11.34, IG 16.17±8.20

NR

2 Zhu et al. 2007 RCT Chuna (弹推法, 揉法)

(90)Electroacupuncture

(80) 30 days None ① Effect rate Effect rate : IG82.5%, CG 95.5% NR

3 Wang et al. 1996 RCT Chuna (揉, 弹)

(80) Electroacupuncture NR None ① Effect rate Effect rate : IG 80.0%, CG 97.8% NR

4 Jin et al. 2011 RCTChuna +

acupuncture + pharmacopuncture

(26)

acupuncture + pharmacopuncture

(26)4 weeks None ① VAS

② FPSC

① VAS : IG change 4.16±0.99, CG 3.65±1.55② FPSC : IG change 4.96±3.30, CG 3.92±2.15

NR

CMI: Craniomandibular index, NR: Not reported, RCT: Randomized controlled trial, MD: Mean difference, RR: Relative risk, FPSC : facial pain score scale, IG: Intervention group, CG: Comparison group

Eq. (D.4) Chuna manual therapy/Exercise therapy/Intra-oral balancing device/Korean medicine physiotherapy (Q7-10,12,13)

[Q7,8 Chuna manual therapy]

[Q7 Manipulation]

Study Country(period) Intervention Comparison

Disease of participants

(Age : Mean±S.D)

Number of Participant

sTreatment type

Session orTreatment

periodRelevant outcomes

Crockett 1986 Canada(NR)

IG1: dental program (DPT, splint+exercise

+education)IG2: biofeedback-

enhanced progressive relaxation

program (BER)

transcutaneous electrical nerve

stimulation(TENS)

Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome

(NR)

IG1: 7IG2: 7CG: 7

IG1: occlusal splint + oriented to the masticatory system with hot/cold applications, postural

corrections, the avoidance of chewy foods, and exercise for the jawIG2: muscle relaxation training program

combined with electromyography training to obtain lowered levels of masseter muscle

tension

8 weekly 1 hour session +

30 min daily homework

Dental rating(0-4)Self Report(0-4)electromyographic activity

Kalamir 2012 Australia(2006.01-2007.02)

IG1: Intraoral myofascial therapy(IMT)

IG2: IMT+education+self care

Waiting list chronicmyogenous temporomandibular disorders

(IG1: 34±6.1, IG2: 35±5.0 , CG:

IG1: 31IG2: 31CG: 31

IG1: Intraoral temporalis releaseIntraoral medial and lateral pterygoid (origin) technique

Intraoral sphenopalatine ganglion techniqueIG2: IMT+ Self-administered

2 treatment session per week,

5 weeks

Opening ROMresting painopening pain

clenching painglobal reporting of change(GRC)

35

exercise(IMTESC) 35±6.7)modification of a chiropractic technique Postisometric relaxation

stretches

Kalamir 2010Australia(2006.01-2006.07)

IG1: Intraoral myofascial therapy(IMT)

IG2: IMT+education+self-care exercise(IMTESC

)

Waiting list

chronicmyogenous temporomandibular disorders

(IG1:29.7±8.30, IG2: 37.3±9.06, CG: 33±7.38)

IG1: 10IG2: 10CG: 10


Intraoral sphenopalatine ganglion techniqueIG2: IMT+ Self-administered modification of a chiropractic

technique Postisometric relaxation stretches


5 weeks

Opening ROM11-point pain scale

Kalamir 2013Australia(2010.08-2011.02)

Intraoral myofascial therapy(IMT)

education+self-care exercise(ESC)

chronic myogenous temporomandibular disorder

(IG: 28.2±9.43, CG: 26.8±6.81)

IG: 23CG: 23


Intraoral sphenopalatine ganglion techniqueIG2: Self-administered modification of a chiropractic technique Postisometric relaxation stretches


5 weeks

Opening ROM11-point pain scale

(NRS)

La Touche 2013

Spain(2009.01-2010.05)

anteriorposteriorupper cervical mobilization

(APUCM)

placebo(sham technique)

Cervico-craniofacial pain (myofascial pain)

(IG: 33.19±9.49, CG:34.56±7.84)

IG: 16CG: 16

mobilization of 3 upper cervical segments(C0-C3)

3 treatment sessions

PPT, VAS, BDINDI, STAI

sympathetic nervous system variables

de Felicio 2008 Brazil(NR)

orofacial myofunctional therapy waiting list Articular TMD

(31.46)IG: 10CG: 10

favoring painrelief, mandibular posture and mobility without deviations,

symmetry between muscle pairs, coordination of the muscles of the stomatognathic system, as well as equilibration of the stomatognathic functions in a manner compatible

with occlusion

9-13 sessions(mean 11.8)

NRSTendernessjoint noiseasymmetry index between

muscle pairs based on

EMG analyses

Ismail 2007 German(NR)

physical treatment+splint

michigan splint

Arthrogenic temporomandibular disorders

(IG:41.7±16.5 CG:44.5±14.1)

IG: 13CG: 13

IG: passive traction and translation movementsdetoning

exercise of jaw elevator muscles

IG: twice per week, 12 weeks

VASMMO

de Felicio 2010 Brazil(NR)

Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy

CG1: occlusal splintCG2: waiting list (untreated)

articular and muscular TMD(IG:31, CG1: 29, CG2: 34)

IG: 10CG1: 10CG2: 10

IG: favoring pain-relief, mandibular posture and mobility without deviations, symmetry between

muscle pairs, coordination of the muscles of the stomatognathic

system, as well as equilibration of the stomatognathic functions in a manner compatible with occlusion.CG1: occlusal splint according to Michigan principles

IG: 120 days, weekly for

30 days and every two

weeks afterCG1: 45 days total

NRSROM(MMO, RLE, LLE, Pt)

Mansillar-Ferragud 2008

Spain(NR)

uppercervical spine manipulation control

TMJ dysfunction syndrome(IG:37±8, CG:36±9)

IG: 26CG: 26

ROMPPT

Packer 2014Brazil

(2011.03-2012.11)upper thoracic manipulation placebo

TMD with myofascial pain(IG:23.5, CG:26.0)

IG: 16CG: 16

thoracic manipulation applied to the T1 vertebral segment 1 VAS

Tuncer Turkey manual therapy home physical myogenous TMD IG: 20 CG: subject education (etiology 3 times/ VAS

36

2013 (NR)with home

physical therapy (MT-HPT) therapy (HPT) (IG: 37.0±14.6CG: 34.8±12.4) CG: 20

advice, exercises, relaxation techniques,posture correction exercises and mandibular exercises)

IG: HPT+ soft tissue mobilization, TMJMobilization, TMJ stabilization coordination exercises

cervical spine mobilizationpost-isometric relaxation and stretching techniques

week(MT), 4 weeks MMO

Cuccia 2010Italy

(2008.09-2009.02)Osteopathic manual therapy

conventional conservative treatments

diagnosed with TMD(IG: 40.6±11.03, CG: 38.4±15.33)

IG: 25CG: 25

IG: myofascial release, balanced membranous tension, muscle energy, myofascial release, joint articulation, high-velocity, low-

amplitude thrust and cranial-sacral therapy

CG: education, oral appliance, physical therapy, hot/cold pack, TENS

2 weeks VASMMO

Kim 2009Korea

(2009.03-2009.04)myofascial release ultrasound

TMD with limited mouth opening(21.9±1.77)

IG: 10CG: 10

IG: occipital condyle & pterygoid relaxation, compression and reducing pressure of temporomandibular joint,

4 weeks, total 6 session

MMOcervical ROM

NR: Not reported, IG: Intervention group, CG: Comparison group, TMD: Temporomandibular dysfunction, TMJ: temporomandibular joint, ROM: Range of motion, VAS: Visual analog scale, MMO: Maximum mouth opening(pain-free), NRS: Numeric rating scale, PPT: Pressure pain threshold of TMJ* : presented as range

[Q9 Exercise therapy]

StudyCountry(period)

Intervention

Comparison

Disease of participants(Age: Mean±S.D)

Number of Participants

Treatment type Duration

Relevant outcomes

vs no intervention

yoda 2003

Japan(2000.10-2001.05)

TherapeuticExercise

Control(without exercise)

Clicking Due to Disk AnteriorDisplacement with Reduction in the TMD (IG: 26.9±13.3CG: 27.2±11.8)

IG: 21CG: 21 therapeutic exercise for clicking due to ADDWR 3

monthssuccess rateMRI examination

Yoshida 2011

Japan(2006.04-2008.03)

mandibular condylar movement

Control(without exercise)

internal derangement of thetemporomandibular joint(40)

IG: 74CG: 74 IG:　mandibular condylar exercise 10 min

exerciseMMO., lateral movement, protrusion,success rate

klobas 2006

Sweden(2001-2002)

therapeutic jaw exercise + WAD rehabilitation program

WAD rehabilitationonly

temporomandibular disorders with chronic whiplash- associated disorders(IG: 38.5, CG: 36.2)

IG: 25CG: 30

relaxation; small active mandibularmovements; maximum active mandibular movements;active movements against resistance with 6 sof static resistance at the end of the movement; rest;mouth closing against resistance with 6 s of staticresistance halfway on mouth closing; rest; 5 s ofstretching at maximum mouth opening; and relaxation

3 weeksMMOHelkimo dysfunctionindex

37

vs active control

Gavish 2006

Israel(NR)

Controlled Masticatory Exercise

support and encourage-ment

TMD with myofascial pain(IG: 27.1±10.1CG: 27.3±5.9)

IG: 10CG: 10

gum chewing exercise(3 times daily for 10 minutes) 8 weeks

VAS, pain relief scalemuscle sensitivity to palpation(0-3)EMG recordingschewing test

Michelotti 2004

Italy(NR)

Home Physical TherapyRegimen

Patient education

myogenous TMD(IG: 28.2±8.8CG: 31.8±13)

IG: 36CG: 34

IG: self-relaxationexercises with diaphragmatic breathing, self-massage of the masticatory muscles, application of moist heat pads on the painful muscles, stretching, coordination exercises

every day,3 months

Treatment contrast(VAS, PPT, function, ROM 등의 합성값)

Mulet 2007

USA(NR)

Rocabado's6×6 exercises+ self-care

Self-care TMD with myofascial pain(24.2±10.0)

IG: 20CG: 22

Self-care(CG): optimistic counseling, patient education,reassurance about TMD symptoms, and encouragement

4 weeks VAS

Magnusson 1999

Sweden(1993.11-1996.09)

Therapeutic jaw exercise

Intra-occlusal appliance

TMD of mainly msucluar origin(IG: 37±NR)(CG: 32±NR)

IG: 12CG: 14

therapeutic jaw exercise (maximal jaw opening without resistance, jaw opening towards resistance, laterotrusion to the left toward resistance, stethching)

3 months

Dysfunction index, pain

Tavera 2012

Mexico(2008.05-2008.09)

jaw exercise regimen

CG1: stabilizationsplintCG2: TMDes

TMD with myofascial pain, arthralgia(IG: 37.3±10.6, CG1: 38.0±11.0, CG2: 36.3±13.0)

IG: 60CG1: 64CG2: 28

IG: a pair of small, hollow, inconspicuous ear inserts that are custom-fit to each subject's ear canals

3 months

CMI, VAS, modified SSI, TMJ scalePatient Global Satisfaction

Yuasa 1997

Japan(1993.02-1996.03)

IG: jaw exercise + NSAIDs

CG: NSAIDsTMJ Closed lock,moderate to severe functional disorder (mouth opening <34mm, VAS >34mm) (NR)

IG1: 28CG1: 29IG2: 28CG2: 29

3 months

MMOVASsuccess rate(개선/무효)

NR: Not reported IG: Intervention group CG: Comparison group TMD: Temporomandibular dysfunction CMI: Craniomandibular Index, TMJ: temporomandibular joint, PPT: Pressure pain threshold of TMJ, WAD: whiplash-associated disorders, SSI: Symptom severity index* : presented as range

[Q10 Intra-oral balancing device]

StudyCountr

y(period

)Interventions Comparison Disease of participants

(Age : Mean±S.D)Number of

ParticipantsSession or

Treatment period Relevant outcomes

Al Quran et al. (2006)

Jerusalem (NR)

Occlusal splints (IG1: AMPS IG2: full-arch

SS)No treatment Myogenous

TMDs (IG1:32.7 IG2:31.8 CG:36)IG1: 38IG2: 38CG: 38

At night until resolution of symptoms VAS

Conti et al. (2006)

Brazil (NR)

Occlusal Splint (IG1: bilateral balanced IG2:

canine guidancenonoccluding

TMD Group II disk displacement +Group IIIa arthralgia (IG1: 28.9 IG2:

31.3 IG3: 29.5)IG1: 19IG2: 20IG3: 18

Full insertion for 6 months

VAS, TMJ and muscle palpation, AMROM, Joint

soundsDahlstrom et

al. (1985)Sweden

(NR) full-coverage SS bite plate (modified Hawley plate) Mandibular dysfunction (26.3) IG1: 10

IG2: 10 At night for 6 weeks EMGs, Helkimo's IndexDao et al. Canada Full occlusal splint CG1: full occlusal Myofascial pain of jaw muscles (IG: IG: 22 IG: 24 hours/day VAS, QOL index

38

(1994) (NR)splint (passive

control)CG2: palatal splint

(active control)29.3 CG1: 31.8 CG2: 27.9) CG1:19

CG2: 20CG1: 30 minutes/ visit, total 7 visits over 10

weeksCG2: 24 hours/day

Ekberg et al. (1998)

Sweden (NR) Stabilization appliance Control appliance TMD arthrogenous (IG: 31 CG: 30) IG: 30

CG: 30 10 weeks VAS, verbal scale, duration of TMJ pain, questionnaire

Ekberg et al. (2003)

Sweden (NR)

Stabilizationappliance

Non-occlusalappliance TMD myogenous (IG: 25 CG: 27) IG: 30

CG: 30 At night for 10 weeks VAS, 6-point verbal scale

Johansson et al. (1991)

Sweden (NR) Occlusal splint CG1: acupuncture

CG2: no treatment Facial muscular pain (NR)IG: 15

CG1:15CG2: 15

IG: 3 monthsCG1: 3 monthsCG2: 2 months

SDS, VAS

Lundh et al. (1992)

Sweden (NR) Flat occlusal splint No treatment TMJ displacement (29) IG: 26

CG: 25 At night for 12 months Pain, palpatory tenderness

Rubinoff et al. (1987)

USA (NR)

Occluding splint (conventional

maxillary stabilization splint) + moist heat to painful regions + daily

home exercise

Nonoccluding splint (palatal splint) +

moist heat to painful regions + daily home exercise

Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome (33.7)

IG: 15CG: 13

24 hours/day for 6 weeks except cleaning

and eating, repeat moist heat and exercise whenever possible

Maximal interincisal distance, deviation on opening, joint

sounds, palpatory tenderness, pain diary

Turk et al. (1993)

USA (NR)

IG1: IAsIG2: BF/SM Waiting list Pain and depression with TMD

(34.1±8.4)IG1: 30IG2: 30CG: 20

IG1: 24 hours/day for 6 weeks except cleaning

and eatingIG2: 6 weekly 1 hour

sessions

PSS, muscle PPI, CES-D, POMS, BDI, ADS, treatment

credibility (Borkovec and Nau scale)

Raustia1985

Finland(NR)

stomatognathic treatment

(combination of exercise, splint,

counseling, occlusal adjustment)

acupuncture TMJ dysfunction(IG: 27.8 CG: 26.4)

IG: 25CG: 25

IG: 3 sessions in a monthCG: NR

degree of TM dysfunction(5-grade scale)

clinical dysfunction index of Helkimo

Gray1991

England(NR) stabilisation splint(SS)

localised occlusal interference splint(LOIS)

TMJ pain dysfunction syndrome(28.1)

IG: 34CG: 21 3 months success rates

List1993

Sweden(NR) splint

CG1:waiting listCG2: acupuncture

painand dysfunction symptoms of the

masticatory system(median: women 43, man 37)

IG1: 20IG2: 20CG: 15

IG1: 6 acupuncture sessions

IG2: 7-8 weeks at nightCG: waiting for 3 months

PPTCDS(clinical dysfunction

score)Tenderness in masticatory

musclesVAS

Ekberg2002

Sweden(NR) stabilization appliance control appliance TMD with pain or tenderness upon

palpation (30)IG: 30CG: 30 12 months(?) VAS

Ekberg2004

Sweden(NR) stabilization appliance control appliance TMD with myofascial pain (29+2) IG:30

CG:30 10 weeksfrequency of pain(9-point verbal scale), intensity of pain(5-point scale), VAS,

overall change of symptom (6-point scale)

Carlson2001

USA(NR)

standard dental care(SDC)

physical self-regulation(PSR) TMD with myofascial pain (34.6) IG: 21

CG: 232 visits separated by 3

week interval

Multidimensional Pain Inventory

(MPI), VAS, comfortable/maximum

interinisal opening, palpation of muscles

39

Kuttila2002

Finland(1999.0

3-2000.08

)Stabilization splint Control splint

secondary otalgia and temporomandibular disorders

(IG　45, CG 47)IG: 18CG: 16

during the night for 10 weeks

VAS, tender points on palpation

joint soundsHelkimo clinical dysfunction

index

Wassell2004

England(1994.0

4-1996.06

Stabilising splint Control splint Pain in TMJ or muscles(IG: 37.9±12.6, CG: 35.9±10.3)

IG: 34CG: 38 12 weeks VAS

Maximum mouth opening

Stiesch-Scholz2005

Germany

(NR)Stabilization splint Pivot splint

presenceof anterior disc displacement without

reduction(IG 34.8±13.7, CG 32.5±15.8)

IG: 20CG: 20 whole time, 3 months

Craniomandibular Index of Fricton

and SchiffmanVAS at rest, during stress,

border movementsTruelove

2006USA(NR)

IG1: UC+hard splintIG2: UC+soft splint Usual care TMD myofascial pain

(36±12)IG1: 68IG2: 68CG: 64

3 months, 12 months if necessary

CPIPain duration

self-reported symptoms

Wassell2006

England(1994.0

4-1996.06

Stabilising splint Control splint Pain in TMJ or muscles(IG: 37.9±12.6, CG: 35.9±10.3)

IG: 34CG: 38 12 weeks

VAS(pain)Number of tender muscles

clicking sound

Glaros2007

USA(NR)

interocclusal appliance (splint) habit reversal

TMD with myofascial pain or arthralgia

(IG:39.0+11.2, CG:32.8+9.1)IG: 4CG: 4

IG: 4 weeksCG: 1 training session, 4

weeks treatment duration

NRSnumber of masticatory

muscle sites pain to palpationnumber of examination

technique producing painIsmail2007

German(NR) michigan splint physical

treatment+splintArthrogenic temporomandibular

disorders(IG:41.7+16.5 CG:44.5+14.1)

IG: 13CG: 13

12 weeksIG: twice per week

(physical treatment)pain intensity

maximum jaw opening

Nilner2008

Sweden, Finland(2005.0

2-2006.08

)

stabilization appliance prefabricated appliance

TMD with pain of muscular origin(IG:37 CG:36)

IG: 32CG: 33 10 weeks, at night VAS

frequency of myofascial pain

Oz2010

Turkey(2007.0

1-2008.01

)occlusal splint Low-Level Laser

TherapyTMD with myofascial pain

(IG:31.25+8.23 CG:34.52+12.82)IG: 22CG: 22

IG: 10 LLLT sessions(2/week)

CG: 90 daysfunctional examination,

PPTVAS

Doepel2012


2-2007.08

)

stabilization appliance prefabricated appliance

TMD with myofascial pain(IG:37 CG:36)

IG: 32CG: 33 12 months(?)

VASoverall improvement

RDC/TMD 의 GCP severityJFLS-20

SCL-90-R

Daif2012

Egypt(NR) occlusal splint waiting list TMD with myofascial pain

(32)IG:20

CG: 20 6 monthsHelkimo clinical dysfunction

indexelectromyographic amplitude

records for masticatory muscles

Niemela Finland stabilisation splint+UC UC(exercise, clinically diagnosed TMD by IG: 39 1 months VAS40

2012(2008.0

3-2009.09

)counselling) RDC/TMD

(IG 43.2_13.3 CG 44.1_13.1) CG: 41movement of mandible, TMJ

sound, pain during movements

Zhang2013

China(NR) occlusal splint

Placebo(non-occluding palatal) splint

Myofascial TMD(37.8+11.4)

IG: 18CG: 18 1 months

sEMG for masseter muscles(RMS value)

VASNDIJFLS

SheddenMora2013

Germany

(2008.08-

2011.04)

biofeedback-based cognitive behavioral treatment (BFB-CBT)

dental treatment with occlusalsplint (OS)

painful TMD according to RDC/TMD(IG: 36.3+13.4CG: 34.3+12.5)

IG: 29CG: 29

8 weeks(IG: 8 weekly sessions)

Pain intensity(CPI, 0-10)Pain disability(PDI, 0-70)

Jaw use limitations(JDL, 0-110)TMD related symptomsSomatoform symptoms

Depression(ADS-L)Anxiety(GAD-7)

Pain Coping(FESV)

Christidis2014


0-2011.12

)

prefabricated occlusal appliance

stabilization appliance

TM joint pain(IG: 40 CG: 41)

IG: 24CG: 24 every night, 10 weeks

VAS, Physical functioning(GCPS)

emotional functioning(SCL-90-R)

Overall improvement(0-6)

Katyayan2014

India(NR)

stabilization splint + UC

UC(counselling, exercise)

TMD with common symptoms(impaired ROM, muscle/joint pain, pain on movement etc.) (34.4)

IG: 40CG: 40 NR

VAS, clinical findings(maximal opening,

laterotrusion, number of painful muscle sites)

NiteckaBuchta 2014

Poland(NR)

muscle stretching with occlusal splint waiting list TMD with myofascial pain

(47)IG: 35CG: 30 30 days CGRP(calcitonin gene-related

peptide) plasma level, VASTMD: Temporomandibular disorders AMPS: Anterior midline point stop SS: Stabilization splint TMJ: Temporomandibular joint AMROM: Active mandibular range of motion EMGs: electromyographic effects QOL: Quality of life CRPS: complex regional pain syndrome NRS: Numerical rating scale HRQoL: Health-related quality of life TMI: Temporomandibular Index SF-36: Short Form 36 Health Survey SDS: Subjective dysfunction score *: median age SCL-90: Symptom Checklist-90 AR: anterior repositioning IAs: Intraoral appliances BF/SM: Biofeedback/stress management PSS: Pain Severity Scale PPI: Palpation pain index CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression POMS: Profile of Mode States BDI, Beck Depression Inventory ADS: Affective Distress Scale Dep: Depression and vegetative symptoms level Som: Somatization NPSom: nonpain somatization CPS: Chronic pain severity PresP: present pain MaxP: maximal pain AMO: active (voluntary) maximal mouth opening PMO: passive (assisted) maximal mouth opening DAP: difference between AMO and PMO MS: mean masseter sensitivity to palpation TS: mean temporalis sensitivity to palpation SMS: mean superficial masticatory sensitivity to palpation PSI: Pressure algometer score

[Q12 Korean medicine physiotherapy]

StudyCountr

y(period

)Interventions Compariso

nDisease of

participants(Age : Mean±S.D)

Number of Participant

sTreatment area

Session orTreatment

periodRelevant outcomes

Conti et al. (1997)

Brazil (NR)

LLLT(830nm, 100mW) Placebo laser

TMD Arthrogenous (39.85)

IG: 5CG: 5 Lateral joint surface Once a week

for 3 weeks VAS, AROMTMD Myogenous (39.85)

IG: 5CG: 5 Painful muscle spot

da Cunha et al. (2008)

Brazil (NR)

LLLT (830nm wavelength, 500nW

Placebo laser TMD (IG: 40.15 CG: 46.6)

IG: 20CG: 20

Painful points Once a weekfor 4 weeks

VAS, CMI

41

output, 100J/cm2 power)

da Silva et al. (2012)

Brazil (NR)

LLLT (780nm, 70mW)G1: 52.5 J/cm2G2: 105.0 J/cm2

Placebo laser (0 J/cm2) IA-TMD (39.7)

IG1: 15IG2: 15CG: 15

Condylar points on the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles

2 weekly sessions for 5 weeks

Mandibular movements and painful symptoms

Emshoff et al. (2008)

Austria (NR)

LLLT(632.8 nm, 30nW output, 1.5J density)

Sham LLLTTMJ painIG: 44.1±16.6CG: 41.8±11.2

IG: 26CG: 26

Upper joint space,approximately 1 cm in front of the tragus.

Total 20 treatments,2-3 treatments per week for 8 weeks

VAS

Kulekcioglu et al. (2003)

Turkey (NR)

LLLT (904 wavelengths, 17mW output, 3J/cm2) + exercise

Placebo laser + daily exercise program

TMD (37.0±12.3) IG: 20CG: 15

Four most tenderpoints selected during examination

15 sessionsVAS, joint motion, number of joint sounds, tender points

Madani et al. (2014)

Sweden (NR)

LLLT(810 nm wavelength, 50mW, 3.4J/cm2)

Placebo laser TMJ osteoarthritis (35-60*)

IG: 10CG: 10

Painful muscles and four points around the TMJs (posterior, anterior, and superior of the mandibular condyles, and inside the external auditory duct)

3 times a weekFor 4 weeks

Maximum mouthopening, joint sounds, VAS

Mazzetto et al. (2007)

Brazil (NR) LILT Placebo laser TMD (NR) IG: 24

CG: 24One point, inside the external auditive duct toward the retrodiskal region on both sides (right and left)

total 8 sessions, 2 timesa week for 4 weeks

VAS

Venancio et al. (2005)

Brazil (NR)

LILT(780 nm, 30 mW, 10 s, 6.3 J/cm)

Placebo laserTMJ pain and mandibular dysfunction(IG: 34.9CG: 37.6)

IG: 15CG: 15

3 points in each TMJ ((a) the posterior aspect of the joint with the mouth open; (b) the area anterior to condyle in the sigmoid notch with the mouth closed; (c) the joint interface with the mouth open)

2 times a weekfor 4 weeks

VAS, PPT of TMJ, Range of mandibularmovements

Venezian et al. (2010)

Brazil (NR)

Diode laserIG1: 25 J/cm2 (50mW for 20 seconds)IG2: 60 J/cm2 (60mW for 40 seconds)

Placebo laser TMD (41.58)IG1: 12CG1: 12IG2: 12CG2: 12

3 points (strongestpain within the upper, medium, and lower thirds of themasseter muscle), 1 point (anterior region of the temporalis muscle)

2 times a weekfor 4 weeks VAS

Ahrari 2014 Iran(NR)

LLLT(810 nm wavelength, 50mW, 3.4J/cm2)

placebo laser(without energy output)

Myogenic TMD(35.5, NR)

IG: 10CG: 10

Tender points diagnosed at the start of the treatment (origin, body,and insertion of the masseter muscle; anterior, middle, and posterior portions of the body of the temporalis muscle; and insertion of the internal pterygoid muscle)

three times a weekfor 4 weeks

VAS

Demirkol 2015

Turkey(NR)

neodymiumdopedyttrium aluminum garnet laser (1,064 nm, 8 j/cm2, 250 mW)

placebo laser(without irradiation)

myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome(NR)

IG(LLLT): 10IG2(occlusal splint): 10CG(placebo): 10

trigger pointsfive times per week for 2 weeks

VAS

Sattayut UK(NR) conventional low Inactive laser Unilateral IG: 10 Posterior aspect of the affected 1 week (3 times) PPT(pain pressure

42

2012energy LILTmodified high energy LILT820nm,107 J/cm2

(placebo)myogenous TMD, Chronic pain status(35±9)

IG2: 10CG: 10

TM jointSigmoid notchJoint interfacethree most tender trigger spots inthe masticator muscles

threshold) MPQ(McGill pain questionnaire)SSI(Symptom severity index)Change of diagnosis

Marini 2010 Italy(NR)

laser treatment(910nm)

anti-inflammatory drugsno treatment

TMJ DD withoutreduction and osteoarthritis, pain for more than 6 months (NR)

IG: 39CG1: 30CG2: 30

right and left TMJ 10 days, dailyVASactive/passive mouth opening

Shirani 2009 NR LLLT(2 diode lasers)placebo(without laser irradiation)

myofascial pain(MPDS)(23.8, NR)

IG: 8CG: 8

tender areaof the masticatory muscles

twice a weekfor threeconsecutive weeks

VAS

de Moraes 2014

Brazil(2010-2011)

LLLT(808nm, 100mW, 70J/cm2)

placebo(nothing emitted)

TMJ myofascial pain(27.76±10.44)

IG: 14CG: 12

trigger points of the anterior temporaland masseter muscles

eight sessions, twice weekly for 4 weeks

MP(masticatory performance), PPT, pain intensity

Cetiner 2006 Turkey(NR)

LLLT(830nm, 7J/cm2)

placebo(not turned on)

myogenic orofacialpain and limited mouth opening(31.7, NR)

IG: 24CG: 15 four most tender points

10 sessions dailyfor 2 weeks,excluding weekends

MMO(maximum mouth opening), tender pointslateral motionVAS, chewing difficulties

Fikackova 2007

Czech(NR)

LLLT(10J, 15J/cm2)

sham laser(0.1J/cm2)

myofascialpain and arthralgia of the TMJ(41, NR)

IG1: 33IG2: 28CG: 19

myofascial pain: spots of tenderness to palpation of masticatory musclesarthralgia: In front of the tragus, when the mouth was openThrough the meatus acusticus externus, when the mouth wasoen cm in front of the tragus, under the zygomatic arch, whenthe mouth was closed

10 sessionswithin 1 month

control self-administered questionnaire(reduced/remained/increased)

The level of decreasing TMD caused pain (%)

Bertolucci 1995_1 NR mid-laser treatment

placebo(didn't activate the stylus)

Mandibular dysfunction(NR)

IG: 16CG: 16 TMJ(not specified) 3 visit/week,

total 3 weeksTMJ biomechanics (vertical opening, lateral movement), VAS

Bertolucci 1995_2 NR microcurrent

electrical stimulationmid-laser treatment,laser placebo

Mandibular dysfunction including degenerative joint disease(NR)

IG: 16CG1: 16CG2: 16

external lateral surface of the joint, into the mouth along the superior border of the mandible

3 visit/week,total 3 weeks

TMJ biomechanics (vertical opening, lateral movement), VAS

Mazzetto 2010

Brazil(NR)

LLLT(GaAlAs laser) placebo(0 J/cm2)

TMJ pain by palpation()

IG: 20CG: 20

superior, anterior, posterior, and posterior-inferior of the lateral pole of the condyle

twice a weekduring 4 weeks

VASrange of mandibular movement

Carraso 2008 Brazil(NR) GaAlAs Twin Laser inactive

placebo laserTMD with pain in the joint area(NR)

IG: 7CG: 7

five points located within the TMJ area: lateral point (LP), superior point (SP), anterior point (AP), posterior point (PP), posterior-inferiorpoint (PIP) of the condylar position

8VAS(palpated)Masticatory Efficiency(mm)

Carraso 2009 Brazil LILT (780nm) placebo laser TMD with pain in the IG1: 10 trigger point 8 times Pain Score43

(NR) (25J/cm2, 60J/cm2, 105J/cm2) joint area(NR)

IG2: 10IG3: 10CG1: 10CG2: 10CG3: 10

during 4 weeks

Wang 2011 China(NR) LLLT

placebo laser(red light)

patients with TMJ pain(NR)

IG: 21CG: 21

Lateral, posterior, and upper regionof articular capsule of temporomandibular joint

6 consecutive daysof treatment

VAS, maximum vertical opening, left/rignt lateral excursion, protrusion excursion

Lassemi 2008

Iran(NR)

LLLT(980nm, 1.5~2J) placebo

temporomandibulardisorders without degenerative joints(NR)

IG: 26CG: 22 3 pain trigger points 2 sessions

with 48h intervalVASclicking sound

Frare 2008 Brazil(2006)

low power GaAs laser(904nm, 6J/cm2)

placebo(switched off)

temporomandibular disorder(NR)

IG: 10CG: 10

bilaterally 4 points at preauricular region, 1 point in external auditory meatus

twice a weekfor 4 weeks VAS

NR: Not reported NMOS: Neuro myorelaxing occlusal splint therapy IG: Intervention group CG: Comparison group LILT: Low Intensity Laser Therapy TMD: Temporomandibular dysfunction LLLT: Low-Level Laser therapy AROM: Active range of motion CMI: Craniomandibular Index, IA-TMD: Intra-articular temporomandibular disorders, TMJ: temporomandibular joint, PPT: Pressure pain threshold of TMJ* : presented as range

[Q13 Korean medicine physiotherapy + usual conservative treatment]

Study Country(period) Interventions Comparison

Disease of participants

(Age : Mean±S.D)

Number of

Participants

Treatment areaSession

orTreatme

nt period

Relevant outcomes

Machado et al. 2016

brazil(NR)

LLLT (780nm, 600mW, 60±1J/cm2) with oral motor exercises

placebo with oral motor exercise

chronic mandibular disorders

IG : 26CG : 26

5 sites in the TMJ region : lateral pole, superior, anterior, posterior, inferior points, painful sites of masseter and temporal muscle

12 sessions within 120 days

ProTMD multi total score, tenderness to palpation, oro-facial myo-functional status

Ucar et al. 2014

Turkey(NR) Ultrasound + home exercise home exercise

1A, 1B unilateral TMD (RDC/TMD criteria)

IG : 22CG : 22 ultrasound to the TMJ region

20 sessions for 4 weeks

VAS, MMO

Kruger et al. 1998

Republic of south Africa (NR)

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation + conservative care (ibuprofen, biteplate, physiotherapy)

conservative therapy (ibuprofen, biteplate, self-physiotherapy)

myofacial pain dysfuction of tmj

IG : 5CG : 5

electodes on trigger point in the masseter and temporalis 10 times Pain scale

Cui et al. 2003 China TDP+electroacupuncture+tuina electroacupuncture

+tuinatemporomandibular joint disturbance

IG : 30CG : 30 TDP on TMJ

14 sessions in 14 days

effect rate

NR: Not reported, TMJ: temporomandibular joint, VAS: Visual analog scale, MMO : maximum mouth opening

44

Eq. (D.5) Mae-seon (thread embedding acupuncture) (Q11)



He et al. 2016 RCT Mae-seon (40) Acupuncture (40) 20 days None Effect rate Effect rate: 92.5% vs 91.9% Not reported

45

[Q1-maximum mouth opening (MMO)]

[Q2-effect rate (vs analgesic agents)]

46

[Q2-effect rate (vs thermotherapy)]

[Q3-pain]Eq. (E.2) Pharmacopuncture (including bee venom therapy) (Q4)


[Q4-effect rate (vs warming acupuncture)]

47

Eq. (E.3) Herbal medicine (Q5,6)

[Q5-craniomandibular index (CMI) (vs analgesic agents)]


48

[Q6-effect rate (vs acupuncture)]

Eq. (E.4) Chuna manual therapy/Exercise therapy/Intra-oral balancing device/Korean medicine physiotherapy (Q7-10,12,13)

[Q7 Chuna-effect rate]

49

[Q7 Manipulation-pain_after treatment]

[Q7 Manipulation-pain_long term follow up]

[Q7 Manipulation-MMO]

[Q8 Chuna manual therapy + usual conservative treatment]

50

[Q9 Exercise therapy-pain]

[Q12 Laser-pain]

51

[Q12 Laser-MMO]

[Q12 Laser-left lateral excursion]

[Q12 Laser-right lateral excursion]

52

Eq. (E.5) Mae-seon (thread embedding therapy (Q11)

[Q11-effect rate]

Eq. (F.1) Details of the four levels of evidence

Level DescriptionHigh We are very confident that the true effect lies close to the estimate of the effect.Moderate

We are moderately confident in the effect estimate. The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different.

Low Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited. The true effect could be substantially different from the estimate of the effect.Insufficient We have very little evidence for the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of the effect.

Eq. (G.1) Details of the five grades of recommendation

Grade Definition NotationA Recommended when there is a clear, very large benefit compared to harm, the level of evidence is

moderate or higher, and the level of use in clinical Is recommended

53

settings is high.

B

Assigned when the level of evidence is moderate, the benefits are reliable, and the level of use in clinical settings is high or moderate. Although relevant studies providing evidence supporting the recommendation may be lacking, the clinical benefit is clear.

Should be considered

CAssigned when the level of evidence is low, the benefits are not reliable, but the recommendation's level of use in clinical settings is high or moderate. May be considered

DAssigned when the level of evidence is low or insufficient, the benefits are unreliable, harmful results could arise, and the recommendation's level of use in clinical settings is low

Is not recommended

GPP(Good Practice Point)

Due to the lack of evidence-based medical information, the level of evidence is low or insufficient, and the benefits cannot be evaluated. This rating is assigned based on the clinical practice guideline development group's experience based on high-level use in clinical settings.

Is recommended based on the clinical practice guideline development group's clinical experience

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