Arnold Bregt

SDI as an organisational infrastructure

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Introduction

Last week: technical aspects

This week: non-technical aspects People (stakeholders) Policy Legal Financing Information about the functioning of the SDI

(Assessment)

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Contents

People and organizations (Today)

SDI and culture (Today)

Policy and legal (Today

Assessment (Friday)

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SDI and People

People Policy Data

Standards

Technology

(Rajabifard et al., 2002)

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SDI & People (roles)

Meaning of people in SDI:

Individuals

Organizations (group of people)

Question

What are the stakeholders you van identify in an SDI?

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Users, value adders

Policy makers, money providers, coordinators

Data providers, service providers, brokers, value adders

Researchers

SDI organizations

SDI & People (roles)

Organogram: stakeholders and their relations

Different models

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Stakeholders organograms (INSPIRE)

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Stakeholders

10Source: Masser et al., 2008

Stakeholders

11Source: fgdc

Users and value adders

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Very important actor within SDI

Little know about wishes

Reason: diverse group and hardly investigated

Canadian approach

User centered-design input of users at various stages in the design of

a system ensures that it is easy to use and meets the

needs of its users

source: GeoConnections

Value adders

Recent development

Try to make a business of existing data

E.g. Apps based on open data

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Policy makers, money providers, coordinators

Executive bodies e.g. www.geonovum.nl

Ministries

INSPIRE (example)

16Source: State of Play 2010

INSPIRE (example)

17Source: State of Play 2010

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Data providers, service providers, value adders

What is the difference?

What are they?

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Researchers

Examples The University of Melbourne JRC CGI

(See Exercise week 1)

International SDI organizations

Non-profit organization Members from more

than 50 countries Annual conference Newsletters Funding

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PCGIAP: Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia & the Pacific (now dormant)

GSDI link

Researchers and SDI organizations

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SDI Conferences

GSDI conferences – every 1,5 year

EC GI & GIS workshops (since 2008 Inspire Conference) – every year

“Tracks” in general GI conferences

Conferences

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There are a few key organizations that play a role in any SDI, but the local arrangement depends strongly on the (national historical) setting and culture

SDI organizations

Cultural differences and SDI

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What is Culture?

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What is culture? a set of learned beliefs, values and behaviors

the way of life is shared by the members of a society.

Cultural differences and SDI

personality

culture

human nature

Specific to individual

Specific to group

Universal

Inherited

and learned

Learned

Inherited

Three levels of uniqueness in human mental programming (Hofstede, 1997)

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Characterizing Culture (Hofstede et al., 1997)

Power distance Individualism Masculinity Uncertainty avoidance Pragmatism (added 2010) (Long term orientation) Indulgence (added in 2010)

Cultural differences and SDI

Cultural Dimensions

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Cultural differences and SDI

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Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions

Cultural differences and SDI

Country Comparison

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What is the relation between culture and SDI?

High value for individualism, strong bottom up initiatives.

High value for long-term orientation, strong SDI vision and funding.

Cultural differences and SDI

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Power distance

Uncertainty avoidance

Masculinity versus Femininity

large small

strong weak

masc. fem.

Access to GI L H L H L/H H

Sharing of GI

L H L L/H L H

L, H = low, high support for access to and sharing of GI

Cultural differences and SDI

Relation with SDI

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Results

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Results

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Assignment week 3

Case of the week 3 “Your SDI as an organisational infrastructure”

Please analyze your case study SDI from a stakeholder, policy, legal and economic perspective.

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With analyze we mean:

Draft an organogram of the different stakeholders within your SDI (design your own picture);

Describe the stakeholders, relations and dependencies between them;

Describe the economic and legal arrangements (access rights, use rights and finance sources);

Reflect on the impact of the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions on the organizational setting of your SDI.

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Thank you for your attention!

Questions?